Northwest Solomonic

V4.1

SILCode Language PhonemicForm broadPhoneticForm OrthographicFo POS EnglishTranslation TokPisinTr Notes Source Example  
TTU Torau -a a     3SG.OBJ   [a’loa [‘…hat ihn gemacht’; a’loina [‘hat es ihm gemacht’ RS]    
TTU Torau a- a     causative   [ha RS]    
TTU Torau a- a     POSS   (indirect possessive base) [ha RS]    
TTU Torau a~ani a~ani   Vitr be eating   irregular reduplicated form of Vitr aniani 'eat'. See aniani, ana    
TTU Torau aa aa   Exclam. what?, oh!   (rising intonation)    
TTU Torau aa aa     yes   (falling intonation)    
TTU Torau a-abaisa aabaisa     young women   [‘junges Weib’ (pl) RS]    
TTU Torau aadi áadi     k.o. banana, for cooking and eating, short   (definitely 2 x a)    
TTU Torau aado aado   Vtr chop     
TTU Torau aadoa ~ aadodia áadoa ~ aadodia     chop, chop down   (see atuna) [‘hauen’ RS]    
TTU Torau aakalo aakalo   Vitr, Vtr stop, stop s.o. or s.th.   Magu aakalo. 'I stopped.' Kara magu aakalo-a. 'I stopped the car.'  
TTU Torau aakalo aakalo   Vitr be strong   * kalo. see kaakalo    
TTU Torau aala aala     men   erua aala ‘two men’  
TTU Torau aa-la áala     older brother (male or female speaking), fathers brothers son, mothers sisters son (male speaking), husbands brother (minimal pair length with álaa) (see asigu) (only AS gives ‘younger sister’) (applies to twins) [a’agu [‘mein älterer Bruder’ RS] [Cms] [‘older brother’, ‘older sister’ AS] kòkoleu ála /kòkolewála/ ‘rooster’  
TTU Torau a-a-la aála     older brothers/sisters (either sex speaking)   [aaagu ‘meine älteren Brüder’ RS]    
TTU Torau a-alo-a aaloa     do it, make it   (redup. form in present construction)    
TTU Torau aamus-i aamusi     dry s.th.   inau ma aamusiau ‘dry me’; aamusia ‘dry it’; aamusimu ‘dry you (pl.)’; aamusida ‘dry us (incl.)’; aamusimani ‘dry us (excl.)’; aamusidia ‘dry things belonging to them (OBJ v POSS)  
TTU Torau aamusu aàmúsu     dry s.th.   mágu aàmúsudía patálo; or patálo magu aamusudia; aàmúsudía ‘dry them’  
TTU Torau aan-au aanau   Vtr eat me   irregular form of Vtr ana 'eat'    
  aani a~ani   Vitr be eating'   irregular reduplicated form of Vitr aniani 'eat'. See aniani, ana    
TTU Torau aan-o aano   Vtr eat you   irregular form of Vtr ana 'eat'    
TTU Torau a-aos-ia aaosia     make sick   [haosia ‘krank gemacht’ RS]    
TTU Torau aapagi áapagi     find out about s.th.   (aapagi, *apagi)    
TTU Torau a-apo-la aapola     relatives, clansmen, friends    
TTU Torau aaraka áaraka     roast on fire    
TTU Torau aasora áasòra   Vitr be painful, be loud   tuagu ma aasora 'my arm is painful' di era aasora 'They sang loudly.'  
TTU Torau aa-tia ~ aatodia áatia ~ aatodia     make a fire, light (fire), cremate   RP says this should be aatia. [aitia ‘befruchten’ RS] [‘anzünden’ RS] uda a-tia ‘make fire’  
TTU Torau aato aato     talk   (see atoato)   inau kalo aato 'I'll come and talk to you.'  
TTU Torau aatoka áatoka   Vitr cook    (must have aa) [atoga M]    
TTU Torau a-atuna aatuna     make hit   (couldn’t get this from Mauku) [haatuna [‘bin schuld, daβ geschlagen wurde’ RS]    
TTU Torau abaana abaana     stay behind, stay back   ma abana ‘Hem stap back’  
TTU Torau abaisa abáisa     young woman, young girl, 12yrs upwards until married, puberty onwards (having period)   (see podoauru)  [‘young’ M] [‘junges Weib’ RS]    
TTU Torau abani ~ abanidia abáni ~ abanidia     go back, return, replace   (not 'descend') [ma lao abanima [‘he comes back’ AS] ma lao abani ‘go back’; ma abani ‘replace’; magu abani ‘I replaced it’; magu abanidia ‘I replaced them’  
TTU Torau abau abáu     k.o. banana, for cooking, introduced from PNG    
TTU Torau abauru abáuru     complain (only if someone doesnt give you something)   [ha’bauru [‘sich beklagen’ RS]    
TTU Torau abe ábe     climb up, enter house   (*abeuo) (see abee) [‘eintreten, klettern, steigen’ RS]    
TTU Torau abe ábe     net for fishing   [‘Netz’ ([‘a’ has short vowel diacritic) RS]    
TTU Torau abee abee     climb   (see abe 'climb up')    
TTU Torau abesae abesae     go up into s.th.(house, canoe, truck, etc., or tree, ladder)   dipa abesae  
TTU Torau abini ábini   LOC, N down, downward underneath, bottom of s.th.   [abiniai’downwards’ AS]    
TTU Torau a-da ada     our two (inclusive)   [ni-da ada taninarua [‘we two (exclusive)’ AS]    
TTU Torau a-da erua ada erua     we two, us two   [AH]    
TTU Torau ada~adapa áda~ádapa     put in (basket, bucket, bag)   (put plant, s.th. inside) (definitely RD) OL173A    
TTU Torau a-da-na adana     our two (inclusive) (sg)   [ni-da ada taninarua [‘we two (exclusive)’ AS]    
TTU Torau adapa adapa     put s.th. Inside    
TTU Torau a-di ádi     their (pl)   [‘ihre’ RS] [io a-di tani-na-rua [‘they two, them two’ AS]    
TTU Torau adi-adiutala adiadiutala   N hard-work in garden, one for hard work in garden   (na adiadiutala,; *ma adiadiutala, not V, not adiadiuta-la (-la not suffix), *adiadiutadia) [‘fleissig’ RS]    
TTU Torau a-di-na ádina     their (sg)   [‘ihr’ RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau adiutala adiutála   V work in garden   [adiútala [‘arbeiten’ RS] magu adiutala ‘I’m going to work in my garden’  
  ado ~ adoa ~ adodia aado ~ áadoa ~ aadodia   Vtr ~ Vitr ‘chop, chop down’   (see atuna) [‘hauen’ RS]    
TTU Torau adoado adoado     treasure box, structure in the house for putting treasured items in the old days    
TTU Torau ae ae     be   (personal article or copula only used with predicative PNs)    
TTU Torau aebiu aebiu     grandchild   (it's aibiuna)    
TTU Torau a-eko-a ~ a-eko-dia aekoa ~ aekodia   Vtr make s.o. sleep, put baby down   (see maeko) [eiko [‘lie (down)’ M]    
TTU Torau ae-nima-la aenimala     fifth    
TTU Torau ae-pisa-la aepisala     third    
TTU Torau ae-rua-la aeruála     second   (alternate pronunciation for aruala)    
TTU Torau ae-βat-ina aeβatina     fourth    
TTU Torau aga ága     from nearby   (see iga=from far away)    
TTU Torau agara ágara     k.o. fishing involving going about with small nets putting over places where there are fish   au àgará-la ‘root of tree’  
TTU Torau agara ágara     crawl   [‘kriechen’ RS]    
TTU Torau agara ~ agara-la ágara ~ agárala     root   (see lamutu) [AH] [‘tree root’ M] [RS] [‘root (of tree)’ AS]    
TTU Torau a-gau-a agaua     light s.th.   (see gáu)    
TTU Torau ageagenua ageagenua     shake (coconut)   [AS]    
  agisae   ‘nearby’    
TTU Torau agisi ~ agisi-na ~ agisi-dia agisi ~ àgisína ~ agisidia     be near; near   def. V but with suffixes ?ADJ [M] magu agisi  *magu agisina; iioena ruma na agisina ‘His house is nearby’  
TTU Torau ago ago   ADV just now, referring to events that have just taken place or are just about to take place, nowish    
TTU Torau ago soro-la ago sórola     now, just now   [ágosoròla [‘Heute’ RS]    
TTU Torau a-gu águ     my (pl)   [‘meine’ agu tuagu [‘meine Hände’ RS]    
TTU Torau a-gu-na agúna     my (sg)   [‘mein’ RS] [AS] e ina aguna buku ‘this is my book’; aguna kakadeke ‘a story I tell’  
TTU Torau ai ai   ADV initially festaem postverbal verb complex internal ADV    
TTU Torau -ai ai     3SGO   (occurs with VCB. Actually for any OBJ?)    
TTU Torau -ai ~ -i ai ~ i   LOC at, in, on etc.   (-i / a__; -ai elsewhere) [AS]    
TTU Torau aia aia   Exclam. let me have a look, let me see    
TTU Torau aiaini áiáini     same as ágara in younger peoples Torau    
TTU Torau aibiu(-na) aibiu ~ áibiúna     grandchild, sons wife   (includes ‘son or daughter’s child (male or female speaking), son’s wife (male or female speaking)’) ( PL = aaibiu-gu) (see aebiu) [Cms] [Pira]    
TTU Torau aika aika   V be not    
TTU Torau aikala áikala   V no, not do, be not nogat   [AH]    
TTU Torau aine-la áinela     mothers sisters daughter (male speaking), wifes sister, younger sister (male or female speaking), older sister of a male, fathers brothers daughter   (see ama, roa-gu) (cross sibling – brother if of woman, sister if of man) [AH] [aine-gu [‘sister’ M] [Cms]    
TTU Torau aini aini     fish hook   [AS]    
TTU Torau aisa aisa   Exclam. alright    
TTU Torau aiti-a ~ aiti-dia aitia ~ aitidia     have sex with s.o.   (Joe didn’t accept any plural object form, just two clauses with SGOBJ – if sequential events. But accepted aitidia if with 2 women simultaneously)   inau io magu aitia  
TTU Torau aituna aituna     seventh    
TTU Torau aka aka     not   (in pres. constructions) [aka aa’loa ai [‘sangu [‘I am not doing it’ RS] [akalalau [‘go not’, akalalauma [‘come not’ M]    
TTU Torau a-kakata-i-a ~ a-kakata-dia akakatáia ~ akákatadía     whiten make white   (see kakata) (stress correct) [pa’a-kakata-i-a AS] pa a-kakata-ia  
TTU Torau akalo akalo   Vtr stop   (see kalo)   PMV magu taea are ma akalo 'I flagged down a PMV and it stopped.'  
TTU Torau akaputia ~ akaputudia akáputía ~ akaputudia     blow out (flame), turn off torch, lamp, switch off light   [‘haka’putia [‘ausblasen’ RS]    
TTU Torau akiaki akiaki     behave strangely or inappropriately   (Mauku translated example sentence as ‘she was cross’, but told me in effect that akiaki means ‘talk in an abnormal way, such as whispering or crossly or s.th.’)    
TTU Torau akiti akiti   V go slowly   (see line 35 of Komakomasa Enelela translation)    
TTU Torau akiti ákiti   ?ADV actually   def. initial primary stress    
TTU Torau akomala akomala   CONJ until   babaraala dipálo sikulu ako mala fraede 'The children will go to school until Friday'  
TTU Torau akonoraia ~ akonoradia ákonoraia ~ ákonoradia   V boil   (written in same entry as akoronia/akoronadia - CHECK) (maybe 2 a's)    
TTU Torau akonoria akónoria     (coconut shell) ignites to transfer fire    
TTU Torau ala ala     place (N)    
TTU Torau alaa álaa     man, male, boy   (minimal pair length with áala) [ála [‘man’ M] [‘older brother of a male’ AH] [a’laha [‘männlich’ RS] [ála [‘man’ AS] [alaa [‘boy’ AS] idai ala ‘one man’  
TTU Torau alaa gesi álaa gési     big man   [agunalages [‘chief’ M] a-gu-na ala-geesi ‘my big chief, my paramount chief’; ine bario adina tio geesi ‘you are a big man/chief of Bario clan’; kokoito isina Chris bario adi anua gegeesi ‘Kokoito and Chris are chiefs of Bario’  
TTU Torau alaa-la aláala     husband, sisters husband   (see roa-gu) [AS] [alá-la M] [alá-la Cms] alaa-la ‘her husband’  
TTU Torau alabilu alabilu     cassava pudding (a food of dough of mashed cassava with coconut cream spread on top)    
TTU Torau a-lao-a-la ~ alaodiala alaoala ~ alaodiala     pass s.th. on    
TTU Torau alasa alasa   ADV travel in an unhurried way (on sea only)   (*ma alasa, *ma sobii alasa) (definitely not V)   ma ose alasa 'paddle in an unhurried way'  
TTU Torau alata álata   Vtr send    
TTU Torau alatia ~alatadia alátia ~alatadia   V send s.o. or s.th.   [‘befehlen’ RS]    
TTU Torau ale ale     current in the sea, tide, flow of river   di laisae ‘they went up’; *ma laisae  
TTU Torau ale ale     garden house    
TTU Torau ale ále     centipede (poisonous)   [AS]    
TTU Torau aleale aleale     flotsam, drifting stuff      
TTU Torau alena aléna   V flow, float, drift    
TTU Torau alo bela alo bela   V+ADV hurry, be quick (lit. do quickly)   [M] [alobelamaAS] magu alobela; mu alobela ‘You hurry up!’  
TTU Torau alo-a ~ alo-dia áloa ~ alodia     do it, make it   [magualoa M] [aloa [‘gemacht’; aaloa ai sangu [‘I am doing it.’ RS] [halo 'Gebrauch, Sitte' RS] magu alo-a  
TTU Torau alo-boko-in-a alobokoina   Vtr take off (clothes, lid, etc.)   not semantically compositional - lexicalised (boko ina = throw away)    
TTU Torau alola alola     how to do s.th. Is like this   "alolai = 'that's why'" RP 
alo-la 
do-NOM
  pisu alola e umado 'I make pisu like this'  
TTU Torau alotu álotu   N sea snake - black sometimes with spots looks like trout markings, eel – grey brown with black spots    
TTU Torau ama ama     older sister (male or female speaking), fathers brothers daughter, mothers sisters daughter (male speaking)   (see ainegu) (Joe and Mauku no save – check) (Cyril nogat) [Cms]    
TTU Torau ama ama     hammer    
TTU Torau ama ama     reconcile with someone by chewing two halves of the same betel nut or mustard   (see ariama)   magu amadia 'I have reconciled with them'  
TTU Torau amaamalo amaamalo   V thinking tingting   magu amaamalo ‘I’m thinking’  
TTU Torau amaamalo amaamalo   N thought   idai amaamalo ‘one thought’  
TTU Torau amairia ~ amairedia amáiria ~ amairedia     make angry   [‘zornig machen’ RS]    
TTU Torau amaloa ~ amalodia amaloa ~ amalodia     think, think about s.o.   magu amaloa ‘I think about him’; magu amalodia   
TTU Torau a-ma-na ámana     our (sg)   [‘unser’ RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau a-mani ámani     our (pl)   [‘unsere’ RS]    
TTU Torau amata ámata     village   [ha’mata [‘Platz, Dorf’ RS] [AS] ena amata na katoka ‘This village is clean’  
TTU Torau amata geesi ámata géesi     Torau name for Rorovana 1 (lit. big village)    
TTU Torau amatate amatate     emerge (vitr)    
TTU Torau a-mate-a àmatea     kill   [AH] [ha’matea [‘töten’ RS]    
TTU Torau amatia ~ amatadia amatia ~ amatadia     wake s.o.   (magu amatia)    
TTU Torau a-maus-ia ~ amausudia amáusia ~ amausudia     make sleep   [ha’mausia [‘habe Schlaf gemacht (eingeschläfert)’ RS]    
TTU Torau ameala (~ amela) ameala (~ amela)   PURP used if not mentioning name who does something something people generally say  olsem (amela = reduced version of ameala) amealalaso[‘zahm’ RS]    
TTU Torau amini amini     ?? RLTR   kakána amini Rorovana ‘the beach of Rorovana’  
TTU Torau aminibau aminibau     period (menstruation)    
TTU Torau amoamorea amoamorea     erase (vtr), as footprints in sand washed by sea, or pencil on paper with eraser    
TTU Torau amorea amórea   Vitr, Vtr not know, be confused, be unsure; not know s.th., be confused about s.th., be unsure of s.th.   [‘vergessen, nicht mehr wissen’ RS] enala ma amorea 'I don't know his name'  
TTU Torau a-mu ámu     your two your (pl) (pl)   [‘you two’ AH] [ni-mu a-mu tani-na-rua [‘you two’ AS] [‘eure’ RS]    
TTU Torau a-mu-na ámuna     your (pl) (sg)   [‘euer’ RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau amusia amúsia     wipe, to clean or dry, etc.   (not seemingly a-musi-a) [‘abwischen’ RS]    
TTU Torau an an   Vtr eat   (CHECK CORRECT FORM, xrf AS8)   Tioni golo aanaisala. ’The (a?) man is eating a banana.’ (must be RD: *Tioni golo anaisala)  
TTU Torau an-a ~ an-idia ána ~ anidia   Vtr eat   (see aniani, aani) [‘aani AH] [‘essen, trinken, essen (trans.)’, [‘brennen, beissen, verzehren’ RS]    
TTU Torau anaola ànaóla     wake s.o., disturb s.o.s sleep   (see naola) [halaola [‘Im Schlaf stören’ RS]    
TTU Torau ani áni     sharp   [RS] [AS] naepe ma ani ‘The knife is sharp’  
TTU Torau ani-a-mate-a aniamatea   VTR eat to death   KE208  
TTU Torau aniana ániána     onion    
TTU Torau aniani ániáni   Vitr eat   Not synchronically RD - no *ani. See aani, ana. [‘eat’ M] [‘Speise’ RS] [‘eat’ AS]    
TTU Torau aniani ániáni   N food   nasua anianina 'man bilong kaekae'  
TTU Torau ani-ani-na anianina     meat (of coconut), fruit of s.th.     [AS]    
TTU Torau ani-a-soma-ia ~ani-a-soma-dia aniasomaia ~aniasomadia   V finish eating   Manipa aniasomaia. 'We finish eating it.' CAN044  
TTU Torau anu ánu     eight   [M] [RS]    
TTU Torau anua ánua     people, someone   (plural only, see tioni=sg) [‘person’ AH] [ha’nua [‘Menschen’ [‘hanua [‘Mann, jemand’, [‘Leute’ RS] anúai [‘sie’ RS] erua anua ‘two people’;   
TTU Torau anuna anuna     eighth    
TTU Torau anusa ánusa     island   [RS] [anussa RB] [AS]    
TTU Torau aoa aoa   Vtr smell s.th.   [haola [‘riechen’ RS]    
TTU Torau aoa atoro aóa atoro     smell good   [ha’olaatoro [‘es riecht gut’ RS] magu aoa na atorola (*atora here)  
TTU Torau aoao aoao     crow sp. (Bougainville crow)   [DH]    
TTU Torau a-odor-ia ~ aodorodia aodoria ~ aodorodia     believe (lit. make-true)   [haodoria [‘glauben’ RS]    
TTU Torau aolaia ~ aoladia aolaia ~ aoladia     pull in a hooked fish   (see ola)    
TTU Torau aolomola aolomola     sixth    
TTU Torau a-onu-a ~ aonudia aonua ~ aonudia     fill   [hahonua [‘füllen’ RS]    
TTU Torau aoso áoso     be sick, be unwell   [‘haoso, aoso Krank RS]    
TTU Torau apala apala     branch of tree   [M] [AS]    
TTU Torau a-palai-a apalaia     make tie   [hapalaina [‘habe binden (festnehmen) lassen, schuld daβ gebunden wurde’ RS]    
  apama   ??   (archaic word, in song from Sugiaiworo story)    
TTU Torau apara ápara     hit head or face   aparini kakanai 'I think they are at the beach'  
TTU Torau aparani aparani     its there long hap    
TTU Torau apeadu ~ apeadu apéadu ~ àpeádu     k.o. tree and fruit    
TTU Torau apo apo     large lizard species large lizard in bush    
TTU Torau apo apo       wantok (not without POSS)    
TTU Torau a-podo-a apódoa     give birth to   [hapodoa [‘verursachen’ a’podoa [‘gebären’ RS]     
TTU Torau apo-la apóla     friend   (cannot occur without possessor indexing) [‘friend’ M] [‘Freund, Totemmitglied’, [‘mein Freund’ RS] [aapogu [‘General denomination for relatives’ Cms]    
TTU Torau apu apu     ??   Are sama-sama ma raeelala episa sanaa waini modela aewatina apu. 'This rod must be three and a half meters long.'  
TTU Torau a-pusak-ia ~ apusaka-dia apusakia ~ apusakadia     soften make soft   (see pusaka) [pa’a-pusak-i-a AS] pa a-pusak-ia  
TTU Torau arakau àrakáu   PNLOC the body swamp water at mouth of ketapia river, including lagoon, mangroves and mouth of river   (in the mountains the Ketapia river is called Pinei)    
TTU Torau ara-la árala     shoulder   [AH] [ahara-gu M] [AS] aragu ma asora 'My shoulder is painful.'  
TTU Torau arapa ~ arap-ia arapa   Vitr; Vtr across go across carry across   (magu ose arapa only to Rorovana 2, because you cross the river, not to Arawa (too far) or even around the point to the canoe park or to Vito) ; (see barata)   ma pasa arapa ‘swim across’  
TTU Torau aratai àratái ~ áratài     woven fan, used in dance, also k.o. plant - the big fan plant like at Buka police station, fan made from that plant biruka (TP term is from Nasioi, so may not be standard TP)    
TTU Torau a-raus-ia aráusia     finish s.th.   [‘beendigen’ RS]    
TTU Torau araβa aráβa   PN     arawa na asaunala  
TTU Torau araβini araβini     cyclone   aramini[‘Blitz’ RB]    
TTU Torau are are     and   PMV magu taea are ma akalo 'I flagged down a PMV and it stopped.'  
TTU Torau aredoisa aredóisa     when?   [AH]    
TTU Torau aresa aresa     yes    
TTU Torau Areβina Areβina   PNLOC Arevina    
TTU Torau ari- ári     reciprocal, reflexive   (preposed particle, occurs in reciprocal and reflexive constructions) [‘mani [‘ari [‘daki [‘wir sind uns begegnet’ ti’bola ma ari tuga [‘er liebt sich selbst’ RS] aritiro ‘look at self (in mirror, shadow, etc.)’; mato aritiro ela ‘he was looking at himself’  
TTU Torau aria aria     HORT INCPL   ("Let's" same as Kokota)    
TTU Torau ariaiti ariaiti     have sex together    
TTU Torau arialami arialami     sorry, as in “I feel sorry for s.o.”   (no *alami, so not ari-alami) [Pira] màriálami 'he makes me feel sorry for him'
di ariálami 'they…'
 
TTU Torau arialoni arialoni     make a lot of noise   [‘voice’ AS] tibola ma arialoni  
TTU Torau ariama ariama     reconcile with each other   (see ama)     dapa ariama 'We are reconciling.'  
TTU Torau ariariaiti ariariaiti     man/woman who has sex   solusolu odela ‘man hem skinim kok’ na ariariaiti ‘man/woman who has sex’  
TTU Torau ari-arita ariarita     distribute, divide up (food, clothes, anything)   (see ita) [AS] ma ariarita 'distribute'  
TTU Torau ariati ariati   N cremation    
TTU Torau ariautupi ariautupi   N sea burial   (Torau now bury their dead. Pre-Christian body disposal involved cremation, then ashes and bones put in unu with stones to weight it and taken out to see, then prayers made to turábana (Sisivala). He appears in depths, looks a bit like a shark. This signals they should release the remains. Each clan has its own area of the sea for sea burials.) (see autupia ~ dutupidia) (see virakeru)    
TTU Torau ari-mosoki arimosoki     kiss   ena baina/ala na karonau ‘She/He is a woman/man who likes sex’  
TTU Torau aripaini aripaini     shirt    
TTU Torau ari-pekoi aripekoi     like each other   ma mosokia ‘he kissed her’; ema mosokodia ‘he kissed them’  
TTU Torau aripiri aripiri     change clothes   (see ipiri)    
TTU Torau aripukaina aripukaina     tie (a knot)   [AS]    
TTU Torau ariru áriru   N clothing    
TTU Torau ari-ruina ariruina     put on clothes (lit. reciprocal wrap)   [ari páianu [‘Kleid anziehen’ RS (is the –nu meant to be –gu???)]    
TTU Torau ari-rurukata arirurúkata     take off clothes (lit. reciprocal loosen/untie)   [ari rúkata [‘Kleid ausziehen’ RS]    
TTU Torau arisa arisa     day after tomorrow    
TTU Torau ari-saarai àrisáarai   V be the same   *saarai [ari sarái [‘gleich gross’ RS]    
TTU Torau arisai arisai     so what!    
TTU Torau arisao arisao   Vitr gather, assemble (of people, dogs, anything)   [AS] anua di arisao; idai arisai ‘gather once’  
TTU Torau a-roa~roa-ia aroa~roaia     misspend, misuse, fritter away also man and woman go long bush paulim    
TTU Torau a-roa-ia ~ a-roa-idia aroaia ~ aroaidia     lose s.th.   (written as aroae-a in 2007 notebook)   magu aroae-a aguna kamera 'I lost my camera.'  
TTU Torau aroaroia aróaroia     go fast, speed   [‘hoffen’ RS]    
TTU Torau arorea arórea     announce, bring news   [‘verkündigen’ RS]    
TTU Torau aru aru     k.o. tree with red dye seeds   aruaruai ‘at the aru trees’  
TTU Torau Aru Aru     Alu (place in Shortland Islands)   (“We used to say alu but now we say aru” Mauku)    
TTU Torau aru- aru     always   (see arua)    
TTU Torau arua arua     always   (see aru-)    
TTU Torau aruaiau aruaiau     come with me    
TTU Torau aruala aruala     second   (see aeruála)    
TTU Torau aruala aruala     companion in travel or going for a walk   (only SG possessor because meanssole companion) his mate [RP]    
TTU Torau aruaru aruaru     wash s.th. off s.th. in the sea (e.g. nappies (most common use))   [‘schwach’ RS]    
TTU Torau asa asa     just (limiter)    
TTU Torau asa asa     upward   (see asai)    
TTU Torau asa asa   Vitr flee    
TTU Torau -asa asa     exactly   episasa ‘exactly three’, idaiasa ‘exactly one’, nimaasa ‘exactly five’, siaasa ‘exactly nine’, saunuasa ‘exactly twenty’   
TTU Torau asaau asáau   Vitr jump down   (see asau)    
TTU Torau asabara ásabára     through passage (?)   ose ásabára ‘paddle from the sea into the lagoon or vice versa’  
TTU Torau asag-ia ~ asaga-dia asagia ~ asagadia     dry skin, body    
TTU Torau asai asai     upwards, top antap (see asa) [AS]    
TTU Torau asama ásama   V, Vtr tie    
TTU Torau asama ásama   N rope    
TTU Torau asana asana   N INSTR    
TTU Torau asara asara     k.o. tree tolas    
TTU Torau asasakia ~ asasakadia asasakia ~ asasakadia   Vtr spoil (anything)   [AS]    
TTU Torau asau asau     far away longwe check - V?   lao asaáu 'you go longwe'  
TTU Torau asau asau     jump down (Vitr)   (see asaau)    
TTU Torau asaunala asaunala     far   [M] arawa na asaunala  
TTU Torau asaunu-na asaununa     tenth    
TTU Torau asia-la asiala     ninth    
TTU Torau a-siba~sib-i-a ~ asiasibidia asiba~sibia ~ ásiásibidía     blacken   (see sibisibi) (ásiásibia ‘make black’) [pa’a-sibasib-i-a AS]    
TTU Torau asigetu asigetu   Vitr sneeze    
TTU Torau a-siko-a ~ a-siko-dia asikoa ~ asikodia     make dirty   [‘beschmutzen’ RS]    
TTU Torau asi-na ásina     younger brother/sister (male or female speaking), fathers brothers son, mothers sisters son (male speaking), husbands brother   (see a-gu) (only AS gives ‘younger sister’); (not cross sibling – both brother and sister of man or woman) (also applies to twins) [aguouasi-la M] [‘mein jüngerer Bruder’ RS] [‘father’s brother’s son’ Cms] [‘younger brother’, [‘younger sister’ AS]    
TTU Torau asiri ~ asiri-a asiri ~ asíria     insult, offend     [masíriau [‘Schmerz empfinden’ RS] ma asiri sakaiau 'He offended me/insulted me.'
ma asiri atoroiau 'What he did shot me (not literally).'
 
TTU Torau aso aso     rafters    
TTU Torau asoma asoma     stop, finish   inau waka nalo fo kiloko kae asoma ‘I will finish work at 4 o’clock’; mani asoma ‘we are finished, we have stopped’  
TTU Torau asoma-ia ~ asoma-dia asómáia ~ asomadía     stop s.o. from doing s.th.   [‘fertig machen’ RS]    
TTU Torau asora asora     painful   isogu ma asora ‘my skin is painful’  
TTU Torau asoraia  asoraia      strong   atunu asoraia ‘fight strong’  
TTU Torau asu ásu   N smoke   [M] [‘aasu AH] [RS] [RB] [AS]    
TTU Torau asu-na asúna     eyebrow   [‘Augenbrauen’ RS]    
TTU Torau atadani àtadáni     conditioner, receptical    
TTU Torau atae atae   N knowledge    ena atae na mageala 'his knowledge is good'  
TTU Torau atae-na ~ atae-dia atáena ~ ataedia   V know s.th., know   def. can be V - see Sirinai 2 [AH] [a’taiena [‘denken an, wissen’ RS] magu atae ena esanala 'save long nem bilong hem', ma atae alo wakasi 'He knows how to make a canoe.'  
TTU Torau ataomo ataomo   Vtr gather, e.g. plates after meal)   (ao is diphthong) peleita kae atáomo 'I'll collect all the plates.'  
TTU Torau a-tapo-ina ~ atapoidia àtapóina ~ àtapóidía   Vitr, Vtr be together, group things together bung, bungim (see tapo)   magu atapo-a 'I grouped it with something else' magu atapo-dia 'I grouped them together' Tibola goreai di atapoa 'They brought Tibola into the game' mete isina golo kae ariatapoina pisu kae aloa 'I combine coconut and banana to make pisu' lagao sapiako kae atapoa 'and then I put in Cassava'  
TTU Torau atee atée     water, river   [M] [a’tee AH] [RS] [‘(breast) milk’ M] [‘wara (bilong dring)’ AS]    
TTU Torau atee gesi atée gési     river (lit. big-water)   [AH]    
TTU Torau atee-la ateela     water of s.th., breast milk   (e.g. metee atela ‘coconut water’) [‘breast milk’ ateila M]    
TTU Torau atee-la atéela     liver   [M] [a’teela AH] [‘heart’ AS]    
TTU Torau atia ~ atidia atia ~ atidia     cremate (ritual described in entry for arautupi)   (*ati) (then put bones and ashes in unu) (see arautupi)    
TTU Torau atiki átiki   Vitr be slow   def. initial primary stress   kara ma átiki 'The car is slow'  
TTU Torau atiki atiki     but tasol   KNB030, OL163/164/165, OL270    
TTU Torau atikiai atikiai   ADV slowly   def. not verb [M] magu sobii atikiai ‘I walked slowly’  
TTU Torau ato ato     talk   (see atoato)    
TTU Torau atoa ~ atodia atoa ~ atodia     repay   teveri kalo atoa, teveri kalo atodia 'I will go and repay'  
TTU Torau atoaia atóaia     cure, save (make live)   [ha’toaia heilen, retten RS]    
TTU Torau atoato atóato     speak, language meeting   (see ato) [‘Sprache, sprechen’ RS]    
TTU Torau atoka-ia ~ atoka-dia atokaia ~ atokadia   Vtr cook   [‘kochen’ RS]    
TTU Torau atoro atóro   Vitr good, properly, be good   [ha’ola atoro [‘es riecht gut’ RS] [AS] magu ka bobola atoro ‘I didn’t listen properly’; namuna na atoro(la) ‘taste bilong good’ ; boni atoro soma ‘good night’ ‘Gud naet tru’; gómo atoro ‘hold well’; ma asiri sakaiau 'What he did shot me (not literally).'  
TTU Torau atoro-la atórola     good   [M] [AH] [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau atsiee atsiee   Exclam. atchoo!    
TTU Torau atuba átuba     old garden site, garden left fallow or overgrown   [‘Gestrüpp’ RS]    
TTU Torau atu-na atuna     child, wifes siblings child, brothers child (male or female speaking), spouses brothers child, fathers sisters son (male or female speaking), sisters child (female speaking), wifes sisters child, sisters grandchild   (includes ‘son, daughter, wife’s brother’s son, wife’s brother’s daughter, wife’s sister’s son, wife’s sister’s daughter, husband’s brother’s child, wife’s brother’s child, sister’s son’s child, sister’s daughter’s child’) [Cms] [atugualla [‘son’ (lit. [‘wife’s brother’s child-male’) M]    
TTU Torau atuna-ina atunaina     hit with s.th., smite with s.th.   [‘habe geschlagen’ RS]    
TTU Torau atunu ~ atuna ~ atunudia atunu ~ átuna ~ atunudia     hit, smite   (see adoa) [AH] [‘kill’ M] [atunu hamatea [‘töten’ RS] [‘fight’; [‘hit (with hand)’ AS] magu atuna ‘fight him’; atunu asoraia ‘fight strong’; magu atunu amatea ‘killim dae’  
TTU Torau a-tuu-a atúua     make sit   [‘hatua Setzen RS]    
TTU Torau a-tuu-ia ~ atuudia atuuia ~ atuudia     make sit, put   [hatuia [‘hingesetzt’ RS]    
TTU Torau au au     tree, wood, stick   [hao M, [‘aao AH] [hao [‘Holz’ RB] [AS] au ua-la ‘tree fruit’  
TTU Torau -au au     1SG.OBJ   [a’loau [‘…hat mich gemacht’; a’loinau [‘hat es mir gemacht’ RS]    
TTU Torau a-u áu     your (sg) (pl)   [‘deine’ RS]    
TTU Torau a-u-na áuna     your (sg) (sg)   [‘dein’ RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau auru áuru   Vitr; ADJ new, clean   [AH] [a’oru [‘jung, neu’ RS] [AS] e na ruma e na auru. 'This house is new.'  
TTU Torau autupia ~ autupidia autupia ~ autupidia   Vtr dispose of body in sea burial   (*autupi) (see ariautupi)    
TTU Torau a-utup-ia ~ a-utupu-dia autúpia ~ autupudia     drown s.o.   [hau’tupia [‘ertränken’ RS]    
TTU Torau awa awa   Exclam. well    
TTU Torau awasaiai awasaiai     ?because why did   awa saiai tamu lauma 'Why did you come?' nimu saiai tamui lauma 'Why did you all come?' uwa saiai 'you say why'  
TTU Torau aβuta aβúta     volcano    
TTU Torau ba ba     also    
TTU Torau ba~bakaia ba~bakaia     dont hold   (=aka bábakáia) ba~bakaina 'strike’ M]    
TTU Torau baa-bara-la báabarala     back of person, outside of house, outside fence   (sg.? pl.?) ba-bara-la [‘rib, ribs’ [AS]    
TTU Torau baaki báaki     wall    
TTU Torau baanima ~ baanila báanima ~ baanila     return   (*baani)    
TTU Torau ba-baina babaina     women   [‘Weib’ (pl) RS] erua babaina ‘two women’  
TTU Torau babara babara     rib    
TTU Torau babarala babarala     children    
TTU Torau babari babari     laplap   (auna babari, *babariu)    
TTU Torau babariu aikala babariu aikala     be naked (lit. have no laplap)   Bioku babari uaikala 'Bioku is naked.'  
TTU Torau babata babata     area between beach and reef edge    
TTU Torau babata babáta   V travel following shoreline (in either direction)   ose babata ‘paddle along inside the reef’ 
ma ose babáta Ketapia/Loloho 'paddle following shoreline to Ketapia/Loloho'
ma babata 'He is going along the shore to Ketapia/Loloho.'
 
TTU Torau bae-la baela     wing (of bird); shoulder and upper arm   (syn. roroani) [baila AH] [‘Schulter’ RS] [AS] kókolèu báina ‘hen’  
TTU Torau baia báia     name of clan (no other meaning)    
TTU Torau baina báina     woman   [M] [AH] [‘Weib’, w’eiblich’ RS] [‘Weib, Frau’ RB] [AS] idai baina ‘one woman’  
TTU Torau baina-la bainala     wife   [M] [Cms] [AS]    
TTU Torau bairima bairima     red sweet potato, k.o. koteuko (in red parrot photo)    
TTU Torau bakaia ~ bakadia bakaia ~ bakadia   Vtr hold, touch   au lo bakaia 'Go and touch the tree.'  
TTU Torau bakaroe bakaroe     in laws (gen.)    
TTU Torau baki baki     wall (of house) (inside and outside – any wall or partition)   [AS]    
TTU Torau bala bala     ball    
TTU Torau bala-la bálala     base of   mete bála-la ‘base of coconut’  
TTU Torau balusu bálusu   N aircraft   balusu ma lao gito 'The plane has already left.'  
TTU Torau banala bánala     tree trunk   barelakas[M]    
TTU Torau bani báni     stay back, stay behind when others go   [‘umkehren’ RS] magu bani  
  banima bánima   return    
TTU Torau baobao baobao     smell bad   ena iala ta baobao ‘that fish smells bad’  
TTU Torau bara bára     block   [bala [‘Zaun’ RS]    
TTU Torau baraala baraala     children   (see barala, babarala) (some people say this short for babarala) (*barala)    
TTU Torau barabara barabara     fences   [AS]    
TTU Torau barabarala bàrabárala     side of s.th.    
TTU Torau barala- barala     children (used in compounds only, as per tio-)   (see babarala) (see also baraala) (see tabi) (plural, but barala kiki ‘small child’, barala geesi ‘big child’, barala ala ‘boy’, barala baina ‘girl’) (in lexicon, barala is listed as ‘child’)   erua barala ‘two children’  
TTU Torau barata barata     across   (see arapa)   ma beaka barata ‘he ran across (the road)’  
TTU Torau bario bário     name of clan (“Breadfruit”)   (speaker suggests ‘flying fox’ – check)    
TTU Torau bario ~ bario barío ~ bário     breadfruit (tree and fruit)   [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau basika básika     name of clan (no other meaning)    
TTU Torau batu batu     vicinity    
TTU Torau baumana báumana     name of clan (no other meaning)    
TTU Torau baupopoto bàupopóto     sleep talk, sleep walk, cry in sleep   raeni mate ma baupopoto  
TTU Torau bea bea     maybe    
TTU Torau beaka béaka     run   [AH] [biak M] [‘beaka [‘laufen’ RS]    
TTU Torau beala beala     bait   [AS]    
  beau   plenty ‘planti’    
TTU Torau bebea ~ bebedia bebea ~ bebedia   Vtr open (anything)   [‘open (door)’ AS]    
TTU Torau bebeaka bèbeáka     prepare food for a feast (only)   aniani di bebeaka  
TTU Torau bebela bebela   ADV quickly and easily   def not V; verb complex internal ADV. See bela. "No *bela. belaia some people say short for bebelaia" MM ST021    
TTU Torau bebelo bébelo     butterfly   [bebelu M] [RB] [AS]    
TTU Torau bebi bebi     baby    
TTU Torau bela bela   ADV quickly and easily   def not V; verb complex internal ADV. See bebela. "No *bela. belaia some people say short for bebelaia" MM   soo~sobii bela=isala 'He is walking quickly.'
lao belama 'Come quickly.'
 
TTU Torau bele béle     spear   (Mauku no gat – check) (Cyril no gat) [‘Speer’ RS]    
TTU Torau besu bésu     be hungry   [AH] [‘hungern’ RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau bia bia     sago pudding sago flour   [‘sago pudding (long pieces)’ AS]    
TTU Torau bibinako bibinako     floor joists    
TTU Torau bibitoala bíbitóala     rainbow    
TTU Torau bika enelegu bíka énelégu     calf (of leg)    
TTU Torau binaka ~ binakia ~ binakadia binaka ~ binakia ~ binakadia     turn s.th.    
TTU Torau bini bini     bean    
TTU Torau binolo binolo   Vitr go around    
TTU Torau biskit biskit     biscuit   lao biskit palo kaisia waini solo waini suka ‘go get biskit plus salt plus sugar’  
TTU Torau bitola bitola     navel umbilical cord   [M] [AS]    
TTU Torau blokeid blokeid   N blockade    
TTU Torau boboa bóboa     hole (man-made, crab hole)   kabúke ena bóboa ‘a crab hole’; inau aguna boboa ‘my hole’ (I dug it); *?boboagu – would mean in body (check)  
TTU Torau boboala boboala     its hole (rat, crab, etc.)   (*boala)    
TTU Torau boboboko boboboko     round   (*boboko)   bobokoalaova  
TTU Torau boboko bóboko     roll dough into balls or sausages when making pisu    
TTU Torau bobokoala bobokoala     place for throwing s.th. away    
TTU Torau bobokoala au bobokoala au     place for dumping logs    
TTU Torau bobola bobola     listen   [moguakabo bulatoro M] magu ka bobola atoro ‘I didn’t listen properly’  
TTU Torau boboni boboni     name of clan (no other meaning)    
TTU Torau boko boko   Vtr throw    
TTU Torau boksa boksa     box   (TP loan?)    
TTU Torau bola ~ bola-ia ~ boladia bola ~ bólaia ~ boladia     hear s.th. listen to   [AH] [bo’laia [‘hören’ RS]    
TTU Torau bolabola kokonoro bòlabòla kokónoro     constellation of 3 small stars    
TTU Torau bomu bomu   Vtr bomb    
TTU Torau boni bóni     evening/night, dusk until dawn   (definitely not boŋi) [‘night’ AH] [‘bongi [‘Nacht’ RS] [‘night’ AS]    
TTU Torau bonubonu bònubónu     k.o. mangrove, small and straight, weak when you cut them    
TTU Torau boo boo     already   di bo ado 'They already cut [them].'  
TTU Torau boo bóo     pig   (not bo) [AH] [bo-o M] [AS] boo baina ‘sow’; boo ala ‘boar’  
TTU Torau boo roai boo roai     wild pig    
TTU Torau booboko booboko     circle    
TTU Torau boβe boβe Bove PNLOC Bove    
TTU Torau bu~busu bu~busu     hit many times   (*buu~)    
TTU Torau bubu búbu     bird sp. (black noddy)   (identified by DH plate 87)    
TTU Torau bubueko bubueko     bird sp (White-eyed starling; Mackinlays cuckoo-dove)   [DH]    
TTU Torau bubuni bubuni     chop up (trees, firewood, canoe), chop, hoe (ground)    
TTU Torau buburu búburu     grass   bubúru[M] [RS] [RB] [AS]    
TTU Torau buini buini   PNLOC Buin    
TTU Torau buka búka     betel nut   [M] [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau bukanbiolo bukanbiolo   PNLOC Bougainville    
TTU Torau buku buku     book    
TTU Torau bulubuluu bulubuluu     blue    
TTU Torau buna ~ bubun-i-dia búna ~ bubunidia     chop up   (c.f. adoa) [‘durchhauen’ RS]    
TTU Torau bunia búnia     cuttlefish    
TTU Torau buni-na ~ buni-dia bunina ~ bunidia     waist (of body)    
TTU Torau bunuru búnuru     be surprised   [‘sich wundern’ RS]    
TTU Torau bunuru ~ bunuria ~ bunurudia búnuru ~ bunuria ~ bunurudia     watch   eradito bunuru sadia 'They were watching the singsing'  
TTU Torau burara búrara     axe (stone axe for fighting)   [AH]    
TTU Torau buri búri     pregnant   (ma buri) [‘schwanger’ RS]    
TTU Torau busu busu   Vtr hit upper body (with stick or s.th. - must be an instrument, not hand)    
TTU Torau busu-a-ni bo busuani bo     club for killing pigs    
  buteu   rollers (legs or anything) for moving canoe or anything    
TTU Torau da da     1INCPL.POSS   [AS]    
TTU Torau da da     1INCPL.OBJ   [AS]    
TTU Torau -da da     1INCS.SUBJ    
TTU Torau daapa daapa     basket, disposable coconut frond basket   not dapa RP ['basket' AS]    
TTU Torau daki dáki     meet, find, encounter   [‘mangi [‘ari [‘daki [‘wir sind uns begegnet’ RS]    
TTU Torau daki-a ~ dakidia dákia ~ dakidia     meet find   [‘begegnen’ RS]    
TTU Torau dakoa ~ dakodia dakoa ~ dakodia     hit (ball, anything, but not a person), bump with body (of person)    
TTU Torau dale dale     coral (generic)   [‘coral (limestone)’ AS]    
TTU Torau dalo-la dalola     gum   [AS]    
TTU Torau dapa dapa     1INCPL.SUBJ.IRR   [AS]    
TTU Torau dara dára     flat round basket platter with handles    
TTU Torau de de     day    
TTU Torau dedeaβa dedeaβa dedeawa ~ dedeava   long ago, before, in the old days   CHECK FORM [kanúa dedeava [‘Vorfahren’ RS] kanea ni dedeawa ‘man bilong long ago’  
TTU Torau deni(-na) deni(na)     frond (coconut only)    
TTU Torau di di     3PL.SUBJ.RL   [AH] [‘sie haben… (Perfekt)’ RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau -di di     3PL.POSS   (see dia)    
TTU Torau dia dia     3PL.OBJ   [a’lodia [‘…hat sie gemacht’; a’loidia [‘hat es ihnen gemacht’ RS]    
TTU Torau dia dia     3PL.POSS   (see –di) [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau -dia dia     3PL SUBJ    
TTU Torau didia dídia     wild taro    
TTU Torau dine dine     hiccup    
TTU Torau dipa dípa     3PL.SUBJ.IRR   [‘sie… (Futur)’ RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau dodoka dodóka     groundwater (water running on ground, not strong)    
TTU Torau dodolo dòdoló     lips   (POSS is optional) dodologu[M]    
TTU Torau dodolou dodolou     come down (hill)   (*dolo)    
TTU Torau domala dómala   ADV today   monomorphemic - *doma [dumala [‘now’ M] [AS] ma súa ‘It’s raining’, su-súa-sala ‘It’s raining’, ta súa “past tense”, pae súa ‘Tomorrow...etc.’, nárola ta súa, narola ma súa (you can also say), domala ta sua patálo magu sasau ‘Today it rained so I wash’ (wash clothes, plates, etc., not self)  
TTU Torau domala-i domalai   ADV these days    
TTU Torau dooka dooka     waning   ibau ma dooka 'the moon is waning'  
TTU Torau dopisi dopisi     release (of water at least)    
TTU Torau dopisia ~ dopisidia dópisía ~ dópisidía     release (of water at least) lusim   bolt dopisia 'undo the bolt' pa dopisi rausudia 'gem them all out'  
TTU Torau dosiro dosíro   PN  Dosiro (a Nasioi group resident in the area around Rorovana when the Torau first arrived)    
TTU Torau dudutu dudútu     bump about    
TTU Torau dukana ~ dukaladia dukana ~ dukaladia     have gap, make a hole in s.th., canoe, saucepan, anything   magu dukana 'make a hole in s.th.' magu dukaladia 'make many holes in s.th.'  
TTU Torau dukuu dukuu     look like   dukúu saumana 'luk blo yu wanem kain', ma dukuu saka 'he looks no good'  
TTU Torau duuru duuru   N waterfall    
TTU Torau e e     this   [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau e e     POSS    
TTU Torau e e   Exclam. oh!   (see ee)    
TTU Torau -e e     SBJ    
TTU Torau -e e     AUX    
TTU Torau e- e     ??    
TTU Torau eana(-gu) éana(gu)     sweat   [M] magu eana  
TTU Torau eapui èapúi     coconut crab   (see eaβui - which is right?)    
TTU Torau eaβui eaβui     coconut crab   (see eapui - which is right?)    
TTU Torau eba eba     olsem    
TTU Torau eberia eberia   PNLOC  place on Kieta peninsula where dead people go when they die, according to Torau and other local beliefs    
TTU Torau e-da eda     1INCPL.SUBJ   [AS]    
TTU Torau ede ede     peep, watch secretly lukluk stil      
TTU Torau edeede edeede     secretly watch "people who secretly watch", voyeur   ma edeede  
TTU Torau e-dia edia     3PL.SUBJ   [AS]    
TTU Torau ee ee     he, him   [‘er, ihn, ihm’ RS]    
TTU Torau ee ee   Exclam. oh!   (see e)    
TTU Torau eelo éelo     sea water   (see ogo, kasora)  elo [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau eeto eeto     here   (variant of ito)    
TTU Torau e-gu egu     1SG.SUBJ   [AS]    
TTU Torau eia eia     these   (no gat, e ia = ena 2 words) [‘diese (Plural)’ RS]    
TTU Torau eikala éikala     no; nogat   (aikala? Check)    
TTU Torau eina eina     his, her, its (sg) (3SG.POSS)   #NAME?    
TTU Torau eisa eisa     how many?   [AS]    
TTU Torau eko éko     be lying down? sleep? lie (i.e. recline); be based (somewhere) i slip (see eiko, a-eko-a) [eiko [‘lie (down)’ M] [máeko AH]    
TTU Torau ekonu ekonu     lie down    
TTU Torau ela ela     that (DEM)    
TTU Torau e-la ela     3SG.SUBJ   [AS]    
TTU Torau e-la éla     his, her, its (pl)   [‘seine’ RS]    
TTU Torau elae elae     that (DEM)    
TTU Torau elai elai     thats it hem nau    
TTU Torau elai elai     one    
TTU Torau elaii elaií     many planti    
TTU Torau elai-rausu elairáusu     all, everyone   (but elai rausu ‘them finis’) [AH]    
TTU Torau elo eló   Vitr wait wet CHECK FORM    
TTU Torau elo elo     sea, seamonster   (see eelo)    
TTU Torau elo~elo-ain-a elo~eloaina   Vtr wait around for wait wait bilong hem   ma elo~eloaina 'He waited around.'  
TTU Torau elo-ain-a eloáina   Vtr wait for s.o. or s.th. wet long def. applic [‘warten’ RS]    
TTU Torau e-mani emani     1EXCPL.SUBJ   [AS]    
TTU Torau e-mu emu     2PL.SUBJ   [AS]    
TTU Torau e-na éna     his, her, its (sg) (3SG.POSS) bilong hem (not e-la because underlyingly e-la-na) (=eina) [‘sein’ RS] [AS] marii ena roga ‘bird’s nest’ kakapiro ena roga 'spider's web'  
TTU Torau ena ~ eena ena ~ eena     this   (see ina) (actually ‘that’? – RS gives 2 sg DEMs, e and ena) (“identifies dog, etc.”) (Pira gives form eena in contrast with ena ‘bilong hem’) [‘dieser’ RS] ena amata na katoka ‘This village is clean’  
TTU Torau enae énae     this, this one   [AH]    
TTU Torau enele-la èneléla     leg, foot   enéle-la[M] [AH] [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau eni-na enina     this part of    
TTU Torau ensin ensin     engine   (TP)    
TTU Torau episa epísa     three   épisa[M] [AH] [RS] [‘three’; [‘(ol) tripela’ AS]    
TTU Torau episa saunu episa saunu     thirty   [M]    
TTU Torau episa saunu idai episa saunu idai     thirty one   [M]    
TTU Torau episa saunu nima episa saunu nima     thirty five   [M]    
TTU Torau episa saunu olomo episa saunu olomo     thirty six   [M]    
TTU Torau era éra     sing (any kind)   [M] [AH] [‘singen’ RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau ereβen(i) ereβen(i)     rack at top of kabaka for keeping the already smoked fish etc. smoking rack, smoking bed   (CHECK MEANING) (ereweni in lexicon based on texts, with translation ‘smoking rack’) (Cyril confirms) [Pira]    
TTU Torau ero éro     big lizard with ears so can fly    
TTU Torau erou érou     go down, descend (tree, stairs)   [‘hinabsteigen’ RS]    
TTU Torau erou(ma) erou(ma)     come down from house, ship, truck, canoe, or tree, ladder   (see kerou(ma), free variation)   dipa erou(ma)  
TTU Torau erua erua     two   éro[M] [AH] [‘erua RS] [‘two’; [‘(ol) tupela’ AS]    
TTU Torau erua saunu erua saunu     twenty   [M] [RS]    
TTU Torau erua saunu idai erua saunu idai     twenty one   [eruasaunnidai M]    
TTU Torau erua saunu nima erua saunu nima     twenty five   [M]    
TTU Torau erua saunu olomo erua saunu olomo     twenty six   [M]    
TTU Torau eruasa eruasa     exactly two   eruas [‘few’ M]    
TTU Torau esana-la esánala     name   (see isala-) [AH] [AS]  isála-la[i’salangu [‘Name’ RS]    
TTU Torau esana-ni-mate esananimate     ”death name”, name given in honour of s.o. who died   (see esanala ni mate)    
TTU Torau eseese eseese     all of it   boo eseese mu pekoia 'Do you want the whole pig?'  
TTU Torau esenala ni mate esenala ni mate     death name   (i.e. Lovinau adopted gani ‘gun’ when his son Rafael died.  Raini mate, namesakes, etc.) (see osananimate)    
TTU Torau e-u eu     2SG.SUBJ   [AS]    
TTU Torau eβati éβati ~ eβáti     four   [AH] [ewati M] [e’vati RS] [ewatiAS]    
TTU Torau fraide fraide     Friday    
TTU Torau gadeni gadeni     garden   (see gareni)    
TTU Torau galasa galasa     mirror   ine lo tirotiro ‘you look down (cliff, mountain, hole)’  
TTU Torau galo galo   V paddle (arch., now replaced by ose)   see ose   galo-a=ma 'paddle towards me' = ose-a+ma  
TTU Torau gareni gareni     garden    
TTU Torau garu garu     casuarina tree, raintree  iar (in plate 124, p. 137 of Don Hadden’s bird book) [AS]    
TTU Torau garu-garu komukomu garugaru komukomu     (DH plate 133)    
TTU Torau gatu gátu     make feast   [‘ŋatu [‘Fest’ RS] madi gatu; *idai gatu  
TTU Torau gau gáu   Vitr become alight, be lit   (see a-gau-a) [‘burn (of fire)’ [‘gao AH] [‘burn (of fire)’ AS] [magáu [‘Flamme’ RS] udaa ma gau 'The fire is lit.’; udaa gagau sala(to) ‘the fire is alight’; udaa maka gagau ‘the fire is not alight’  
TTU Torau gaue gawe     spiders web    
TTU Torau gaβaman gaβaman     government    
TTU Torau gaβe gáβe     spider   (/gaBe/)    
TTU Torau geala geala     k.o. tree, used for funeral pyre in time before    
TTU Torau geesi géesi   Vitr; ADJ; N big be big also N leader   [‘geesi AH] [ges [‘large’ M] [‘ŋesi (one listing has macron and acute over e) RS] [geesi AS] kokoito isina Chris bario adi anua gegeesi ‘Kokoito and Chris are chiefs of Bario.’ e na ruma e na auru. 'This house is big.' amana geesi 'our leader' (Cyril)  
TTU Torau geesi geesi     waxing   ibau ma geesi 'the moon is waxing'  
TTU Torau gegeesi gegeesi     chiefs the big ones (of anything, children, etc.)    
TTU Torau gegetina gegetina     edge   (no *geti(na))    
TTU Torau getara getára     bed bench   [ŋe’tara ‘Bett’ RS] [‘bad’ M(!)]    
TTU Torau getu getu     dance    
TTU Torau giira gíira     parrot (generic)   (all DH plates 118-130, not just cardinal lory as per DH) [‘cardinal lory’ DH]    
TTU Torau gimasa gimása     coconut shell   [ŋi’masa RS]    
TTU Torau gira kobakoba gira kobákoba     parrot sp. (cardinal lorry) (named because it smells bad)   (identified by DH plates 118-119)    
TTU Torau girani garu giranigaru ~ gíraŋáru     parrot sp. (green with red breast) (rainbow lorikeet, Duchess lorikeet)   (identified by DH plates 120-121)    
TTU Torau girigiri-na gírigírina     armpit    
TTU Torau gito gito     already   [AH] [AS] eta laso gito ‘Hemi tame finis’  
TTU Torau goaβa goaβa     guava    (also place near Panguna) [AS]    
TTU Torau gogounu gogounu     as group    
TTU Torau goia goia     skinim (see solua, solusolu)   tadi ariaiti  
TTU Torau golo gólo     banana (generic)   [AH] [gol M] [‘ŋolo (one listing has macron and acute over 1st [‘o’) RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau golo kakata gólo kákata     k.o. banana, for cooking (lit. white banana)    
TTU Torau goloai goloai     garden of banana    
TTU Torau golomane golomane     gold money (ie. introduced currency) (archaic)   (old people say it)    
TTU Torau gomo gómo     hold   [‘ŋomo atoro [‘fest’ RS] magu gomo; gómo atoro ‘hold well’  
TTU Torau gomoa ~ gomodia gomoa ~ gomodia     hold s.th. (in hand)   [AS]    
TTU Torau gomoai ~ gomodia gómóai ~ gomodia     hold   kumóa[‘berühren, anhalten, ergreifen’ RS]    
TTU Torau gore gore     play; game V+N   [AS] bioku ma gore  
TTU Torau gore~gore gore~gore     all play    
TTU Torau goreaika goreaika     very planti tru    
TTU Torau goreaika(la) goreaika(la)     many of anything   matuala gòreáika(la) ‘many devils’; anua goreaika(la) ‘many people’  
TTU Torau goβa-la goβala              
TTU Torau goβa-la ~ goβa-dia goβala ~ goβadia   N saliva, spittle   [goa-u AS]    
TTU Torau gu gu     1SG.POSS   [RS]    
TTU Torau gu gu     1SG SBJ    
TTU Torau -gu gu     1SG SBJ    
TTU Torau guru guru   V only thunder; growl   [AS] kaukau ma guru; kabu gugurusala ‘The sky is thundering’; *kabu ma gugurusala  
TTU Torau i i     see -ai    
TTU Torau i i     transitiviser    
TTU Torau -i i     ??    
TTU Torau -i- ~ -in- ~ -ini- i ~ in ~ ini     applicative marker   -i / _C; -in / _a; -ini / _au [a’lo-i-mani [‘…hat es uns gemacht’, a’lo-in-a [‘…hat es ihm gemacht’, a’lo-ini-o [‘…hat es dir gemacht’ RS]    
TTU Torau ia ía     ?some kind of relator?   [nimu hanua ia kikina [‘ihr seid kleine Leute’ RS] [ni-mudi ia episa [‘we three (excl)’, ni-da ia episa [‘we three (incl)’, ni-mu ia episa [‘they three’ AS]    
TTU Torau ia ia     PL    
TTU Torau -ia ia     3SG.OBJ    
TTU Torau ia ~ iaa ía ~ iaa     lime (for betel)   /i.a/ (check form) [ía M] [ía AS]    
TTU Torau iai íai     where? or which?   /i.ai/ [‘where?’ AH] [‘welcher?’ RS]    
TTU Torau iala iála     fish (generic)   /yala ~ iala/ íala [M] [AH] [i’ala ] [ijalla RB] [AS] iala magu unui ‘I smoked the fish’  
TTU Torau ia-la iála     wifes brother, wifes brothers wife, brothers wife (male or female speaking), husbands elder or younger brothers wife, brother-in-law, husbands sister   (Cms has bakaroefor ‘husband’s sister’) [Cms]    
TTU Torau iatouo iatouo     which place? what place?    
TTU Torau ia-tuu-in-a ~ ia-tuu-i-dia iatuuina ~ iatuuidia   Vtr stay with someone    
  -iau   1SG.OBJ    
TTU Torau ibao ibáo     full moon, month   [‘moon’ [AH] [ibau M] [RS] [ibau RB] [AS] ibao geesi  
TTU Torau idai idai     one   (attributive, not in counting – see kasa) [AS] [idaí [‘Stück (klein)’ RS] idai arisai ‘gather once’  
TTU Torau idai uikutani idai uikutani     cloth for squeezing coconut        
TTU Torau idaiai idaiai     sometimes    
TTU Torau ide ide     cup   idai siamela,; erua siamela; ide siamela ‘one cup’  
TTU Torau -idia idia     3PLIO.APPL    
TTU Torau idu idu     back of head   [AS]    
TTU Torau iga iga     from a long way away   see aga    
TTU Torau igau igau     wild (of any animal)   (original form of sigau, sigau new form (RP))    
TTU Torau igunu igunu     go into the bush, into a garden, not into a house    
TTU Torau iia- iia      
TTU Torau iirisi íirisi     edge of reef   (but Medaa isina Maromagara story notes say irisi=dropoff) (definitely iirisi - MM didn't understand when I said irisi)    
TTU Torau iiru ~ iru-a íiru ~ irúa   V put, put it, leave it     [‘(ver)lassen’ RS]    
TTU Torau -imu imu     2PLIO.APPL    
TTU Torau -in in     APPL    
TTU Torau ina ina     the   (actually same as ena?) [AS]    
  -ina   3SGIO.APPL    
TTU Torau inau ínau     I, me   [AH] [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau ine íne     you (sg)   iné ináu[AH] [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau -ini ini     APPL    
TTU Torau ini-taratara-dia initarataradia     all of them olketa (absolutely all of them, def. one word) (also initaratara-da/mani/mu) [intarataradia M] [AS]    
TTU Torau io í.o     that   "not io, if it was it would be pronounced /jo/ but its /i.o/" RP (AH’s eg’s give ee as 3SG pronoun, as per RS)  [AH] [‘io [‘that’; [‘iio [‘he’ AH] [AS] iio ena ruma na agisina ‘His house is nearby’  
TTU Torau io a-di tani-na-rua io adi taninarua     they two, them two   [AS]    
TTU Torau io-di í.odi     those   not iodi, if it was it would be pronounced /jodi/ but its /i.odi/ RP [AH] [AS]    
TTU Torau io-di tani-na-rua i.odi taninarua     they two, them two   [iyodi… AH]    
TTU Torau ipiri ipíri   Vtr change s.th.   (see aripiri)    
TTU Torau iro-la írola     back of person, etc.   iró-la[AH] [‘Rücken’ RS] [irona [‘Rücken’ RB]    
TTU Torau irua ~ irudia írua ~ irudia     put   (still initial stress, but only one /i/) [irúa [‘legen, stellen’ RS]    
TTU Torau irumasi irumasi     blow nose (only)    
TTU Torau isa isa   ASP IPFV variant of sa   see sa [aaloa ai sangu [‘I am doing it.’ RS]    
TTU Torau isi isi     COMIT (PSTP)    
TTU Torau isi isi   V singsing with panpipes   [manpai-is [‘dance’ M] manipa isi ‘we will singsing with panpipes’  
TTU Torau isi ísi   N   panpipes (of bamboo)   [‘Musikinstrument zum Blasen’ RS]    
TTU Torau isila isila     windpipe (in body)    
TTU Torau isio-la isióla     body   CHECK form and meaning - = isola? [AH] [‘Körper’ RS]    
TTU Torau iso iso   N dye, red dye tree    
TTU Torau iso iso   V dye    
TTU Torau iso iso     k.o. plant, s.th. like sugarcane in rivers, not edible    
TTU Torau isoiso ísoíso     red   (iso = dye V) [M] [AH] [AS]    
TTU Torau iso-la isola     body   (Mauku said = ‘body’ in text) (but not good Torau; it appears that people do say it)   isola ‘his skin’; isogu ma asora ‘my skin is painful’  
TTU Torau isola kakasu isola kakasu     be naked (lit. body only)   Bioku isola kakasu 'Bioku is naked.'  
TTU Torau iso-niaru isoniaru     red dye from aru seed    
TTU Torau isuisu isuisu   V grate    
TTU Torau isuisu isuisu   N pudding (gen.)   isuisu golo, isuisu sanoko etc. isuisu koteuka  
TTU Torau isuisu isuisu     k.o. food - tapioca with coconut milk in mumu    
TTU Torau isu-na isúna     nose   [M] [AH] [RS] [RB] [AS]    
  íta   share'   (definitely not iita)   ma ita 'he shared' iala ma ita-dia 'he distributed the fish' ma ariarita 'distributed'  
TTU Torau itaa itáa   ADV here (nearby but not immediately to hand, eg. elsewhere in the same house)   (see itoo) (no *eta)    
  itaa    Vitr lean'   (not *taa, must be itaa)   ma taa  
TTU Torau italai ítalài     there (not visible)   see itolai. *itaalai *itala    
TTU Torau itau itáu     cooking pot (originally clay pot, now includes any metal cooking pot/saucepan)   [M] [‘topf’ RS] [AS]    
  itoio   ‘there’   (not itooio)    
TTU Torau itolai ítolài     there (visible)   see italai. *itoolai    
TTU Torau itoo itóo   ADV here (holding, within reach, or very nearby)   see itaa (see also eeto) (CHECK MEANING) (*ito)   magu amaloa ‘I think about him’; magu amalodia  
TTU Torau itu ítu     seven   [M] [RS]    
TTU Torau iutia ~ iutudia iutia ~ iutudia     push   /jutia/ [AS]    
TTU Torau ka ka     not (negative particle)   [mangu ka a’loa I didn’t do it.’ RS] magu ka bobola atoro ‘I didn’t listen properly’  
TTU Torau ka ka     1SG.SUBJ.IRR   ka lao mánabu ~ káelo mánabu ‘I want to go rest.’  
TTU Torau ka~kabako ka~kabako     area of cleared bush   (final vowel possibly a, see kabaka)   idai kakabako 'one area of cleared bush'  
TTU Torau kaakalo káakalo   Vitr be strong (of wind, tree, man etc)   *kalo (see aakalo) [‘hart, stark’ RS] [kakalasom [‘sacred’ M]    
TTU Torau kaakaruku enele-la káakarùku enelela     foot   (see pita-pitani-gu) (*kaakaruku w.o. enelela or tuala) [‘foot’ AH]    
TTU Torau kaakaruku tuala kaakaruku tuala     hand   (*kaakaruku w.o. enelela or tuala)    
TTU Torau kabaka kabaka ~ kabak   N clear bush    
TTU Torau kabaka kabaka   V     (ma kabaka)    
TTU Torau kabakaba kábakába     oven for smoking fish etc., smoking structure   [Pira]    
TTU Torau kabisi kábisi     cabbage    
TTU Torau kabu kábu     sky   [RS] [AS] kabu gugurusala ‘The sky is thundering’; kábu na katoka ‘The sky is clear’  
TTU Torau kabuke kábuke     crab (generic)   kabukei[M]    
TTU Torau kabukei kábukéi     crab generic also ghost crab on sand    
TTU Torau kabukeni kábukéni     k.o. vine (has white sap when cut)   (poss. k.o. vine – see midi) [AH] [kabukéni AS]    
TTU Torau kaburu káburu     coconut, young, green drinking coconut kulau   [caburu [‘Kokosnuss, junge’ RB] [‘green drinking coconut’ AS] [Pira]    
TTU Torau kada káda     cane (gen.)   (not *kaada)    
TTU Torau kadaa kadáa     see   ("toru is look")    
TTU Torau kadeke kadeke     tell story    
TTU Torau kadiala kadíala     be startled, be surprised   [‘sich erschrecken’ RS]    
TTU Torau kadiki kádiki     k.o. ant (large brown ant, lives on ground)   (kádiki and mámau are classes of ants with different types)    
TTU Torau kadiki roro kádiki róro     black ant (can bite, looks like kadika, lives on ground)    
TTU Torau kadopia ~ kadopodia kadópia ~ kadopodia     catch   [AH]    
TTU Torau kae kae     1SG.SUBJ.IRR   [kai [‘ich… (Futur)’ RS] [kaimausu [‘sleep’ and lagukaiwario [‘tell’ M] [kae AS] inau waka nalo fo kiloko kae asoma ‘I will finish work at 4 o’clock’; ka lao mánabu ~ káelo mánabu ‘I want to go rest.’  
TTU Torau kagomu kágomu   N vine, grows in winter, frogs live on, eaten kaŋkoŋ    
TTU Torau kaia kaia   Vtr carry child or person or bag carry on back   (not also knapsack)    
TTU Torau kaiau káiau   N k.o. banana, for eating, short   /kayau/    
TTU Torau kaina kaina     olsem    
TTU Torau kaini kaini     type    
TTU Torau kaisa ~ kaisia kaisa ~ kaisia   Vtr take, get, buy, pay   [‘kaufen’ RS] [kaisiam [‘bring, get’ [check] M] kaisiau ‘pay me’  
TTU Torau kakabinolo kakabínolo     spherical    (not flat or like tree trunk, round, or rid pack) [‘round (of tree trunk)’ AH] [AS]    
TTU Torau kakabubola kàkabubóla     disobedient   actually ka~ka-boo~bola or s.th.? [kakábubola [‘ungehorsam’ RS]    
TTU Torau kakadeke kakádeke     story   idai kakádeke ‘one story’; inau kae kakadeke ‘I will tell a story’  
TTU Torau kakamo kakamo     diamond (shape)    
TTU Torau kakamo pakela kakamo pakela     triangle (lit. half of diamond)    
TTU Torau kakana kakána     beach, sand sanbis (see nunala) [ka’kaana AH] [‘beach, shore’; [‘sand’ AS] kakána amini Rorovana ‘the beach of Rorovana’  
TTU Torau kakanea kàkanéa     old men   (see kanea)  [ká-kanèa [‘Greis’ (pl) RS]    
TTU Torau kakao kakao     cocoa tree, cocoa    
TTU Torau kakapiro kakapiro     spider   [AS]    
TTU Torau kakarala kakárala     k.o. wild taro, but eat leaf, shoots, dont eat root    
TTU Torau kakarau kákarau     k.o. banana, for cooking, large, curves up like letter C    
TTU Torau ka-karo kakaro     ??   (see karo)    
TTU Torau kakasu kakasu     only   *kasu   nunala kakasu – they used no other means of transport just walking  
TTU Torau kakata kakata   N white cockatoo (Ducorps cockatoo), k.o. parrot   [DH]    
TTU Torau kakata kákata     white   (probably real adjective as no POSS suffix with definite N) (see pa’akakataia) [M] ['cloud' M] [AH] [‘kagata, [‘kaŋata (with macron and acute over 1st [‘a’) RS] [AS] kakatala ‘That thing is very white’  
TTU Torau kakata golo kakata golo   N k.o. banana   the one in the front of photo of cook house    
TTU Torau kakata tua-gu kàkata túagu     palm of hand (lit. white part of hand)    
TTU Torau kakau kakáu     cocoa (tree , pods)    
TTU Torau kake kake     lift    
TTU Torau kakoraka kákoráka     long fish with sharp teeth    
TTU Torau kaku-a kakua     break s.th.   (*kaku ‘broken (vitr)’) [‘brechen’ RS] magu kaku moi 'I'm chopping firewood'  
TTU Torau kakumana kàkumána     heron sp. (Rufous night heron), k.o. bird (cries at night, smells bad, brown with white face markings and long legs)   identified by DH plate 31 (juvenile) - no mention of adult in plate 32.    
TTU Torau kalo kalo     be strong   (see akalo)    
TTU Torau kalukalu kalukalu     big man (lo taem bipo)   (not someone's name)    
TTU Torau kamisu kámisu   Vitr spit   [‘speien’ RS]    
TTU Torau kamisu-in-a kamisuina     spit s.th. out   (not ‘spit on s.th.’ – theme not goal) [‘bespeien’ RS]    
TTU Torau kamisu-na kamisuna     spittle   [‘spit on s.th.’ M]    
TTU Torau kamou kamóu     cloud   (see kabu) [AH] [AS]    
TTU Torau kanea kanéa     old man   (see magota)  kanéa[AH] [‘old’ M] [kánea ‘Greis’, [‘erwachsen’ RS] [kanúa dedeava[‘Vorfahren’ RS] kanea ni dedeawa ‘man bilong long ago’  
TTU Torau kanibaka kánibàka     k.o. bird, stop long bush    
TTU Torau kanisi kánisi     talis nut and tree talis   [AS]    
TTU Torau kanokano kànokáno     ”Singapore” (s.th. in taro family), long sweet potato, k.o. koteuko (in red parrot photo) singapore    
TTU Torau kanugele kanugele   N canoe (arch.)   original word for wakaasi RP      
TTU Torau kaomo káomo     small red mudcrab, lives on land in holes (not real mudcrab)    
TTU Torau kapa kapa     cup   [AS]    
TTU Torau kapimo kapimo     coconut (half green half brown)   (“= drai”) [‘coconut (ripe)’ AS]    
TTU Torau kapisi kápisi   Vtr cut hair    
TTU Torau kapo kapo     sew   (see kapo-a) [kapo [‘fish net’AS]    
TTU Torau kapo kapo   N white sea eel, sea snake - white with black spots    
TTU Torau kapo-a ~ kapodia kapoa ~ kapodia     sew s.th.   (see kapo) [kapo [‘fish net’AS]    
TTU Torau kapokapo kapokapo     sew   [AS]    
TTU Torau kapoko kápoko     Kapok tree    
TTU Torau kapsikumu kapsikumu     capsicum    
TTU Torau kaputu kaputu     be out (of fire, lantern, etc.)    
TTU Torau kara kara     car    
TTU Torau kara koβi kára kóβi     bonito    
TTU Torau karakata-gu ~ karakata-da kárakatágu ~ kàrakátada     chin   kárataka-la[‘karakatala AH] [ka’rata,kagu [‘Kinn’ RS] [karakatalla [‘Kinn’ RB] [AS]    
TTU Torau karao karáo   N green galip nut (unripe)    
TTU Torau karata kárata     bite   [AH]    
TTU Torau karat-i-a karátia     bite   [‘beissen’ RS] [‘bite (of dog)’ AS]    
TTU Torau karikau kárikàu     k.o. tree and fruit (gira like it) lavlan   ka lao mánabu ~ káelo mánabu ‘I want to go rest.’  
TTU Torau karo-a ~ karo-dia károa ~ karodia     dig (a pit, deep hole) scratch your body   [‘graben’ RS]    
TTU Torau karogu karógu     parrot sp. (eclectus parrot - male (green) only)   (identified by DH plate 130. female (red) is tumenu) [DH - no gender specification]    
TTU Torau karonau karonau     like sex    
TTU Torau karuki káruki     k.o. fish, larger spotted fish in 2nd fish photo    
TTU Torau karuratu karuratu     small k.o. fish, many colours    
TTU Torau karus-i-a ~ karusu-dia karúsia ~ karusudia     peel (anything)   [‘peel (kaukau)’ AS]    
TTU Torau kasa kása     one   (in counting only, see idai) [M] [RS] [‘kaasa AH]    
TTU Torau kasi kasi   SBD because   see 'uasaiai'    
TTU Torau kasibura kásibùra     large bivalve shell (in shell photo)    
TTU Torau kasigata kasigata     sweetlips (k.o. fish)    
TTU Torau kasora kásora     deep ocean   (see elo, ogo) [cassora [‘Meer’ RB]    
TTU Torau katana katána     carry on shoulder   (kátana or katána OK)    
TTU Torau kati kati     jellyfish (stinging)    
TTU Torau kato káto     clear (track/path)   (magu káto)    
TTU Torau katoka kátoka   Vitr be clean, clear   kadóka[‘Hell’ RS] kábu na katoka ‘The sky is clear’; ena amata na katoka ‘This village is clean’  
TTU Torau kaukau káukau     dog   [M] [AH] [kau kau RB] [AS] kaukau ma guru  
TTU Torau kaulo kaulo     sisters sons wife, sisters daughters husband   [Cms]    
TTU Torau kaumo kaúmo     small red edible crab    
TTU Torau kaumu kaumu     crab (k.o.) (lives on land in holes)   [‘crab (poss. k.o.)’ M]    
TTU Torau kaunala kaunala     scrotum   (MM says 'testicles') [M]    
TTU Torau kaβaki kaβáki     k.o. bamboo    
TTU Torau ke ke   Exclam. oh!   (see kee)    
TTU Torau keasenta keasenta     care centre    
TTU Torau kee kee   Exclam. oh!   (see ke)    
TTU Torau keokono keokóno     axe   [AH] [AS]    
TTU Torau kerai kerái     name of a small island off Rorovana   (Pira says must be keraai)    
TTU Torau kerai kérai   N frigatebird (lesser frigatebird)   (probably also greater frigatebird) [DH] [terrai mariï [‘Vogel’ RB]    
TTU Torau kerewai kérewái   N gecko    
TTU Torau keria kería   Vtr desire s.th.   Cyril says used long ago - unclear as to meaning [‘begehren’ RS]    
TTU Torau kero kero   Vitr climb down (descend tree/stairs)   (can be kero or kero-u)    
TTU Torau kerou(ma) kerou(ma)     come down from house, ship, truck, canoe, or tree, ladder   (see erou(ma), free variation)    
TTU Torau keru-a ~ kurdia kerua ~ kurdia     write it    
TTU Torau kerukeru kerukeru   N writing   (agu kerukeru)    
TTU Torau ketapia kétapìa   PNLOC Ketapia (river, and part of coast at river mouth (river called Pinei in the mountains))    
TTU Torau ketapia ketapia   Exclam. (a meaningless formula for ending legends, legends should only be told at night, not during the day, but if they are told during the day you must say this formula at the end or you will get lost in the bush)    
TTU Torau keto keto     turn head   mata ketola ‘his eyesight’; asa-na mata ketola mato tada sae=sa-la ‘With his eyesight he looked up.’ (Komakomasa Enelela clause 131)  
TTU Torau keβara kéβara     palm with strong trunk used in building, inc. flooring   [‘betel palm’ [AS]    
TTU Torau kiap kiap     Australian colonial district officer    
TTU Torau kiau kíau     megapode (Melanesian scrubfowl) (k.o. bird)   [DH]    
TTU Torau kiau(-na) kiau(na)     egg   [RB] [AS]    
TTU Torau kieta kieta   PNLOC Kieta    
TTU Torau kiki kíki   ADJ small   (occurs with indefinite N) [RS] iala kiki, tabi kiki, *ma kiki  
TTU Torau kiki kíki     kick   bala ma kíkia 'He kicked the ball'  
TTU Torau kikideu kikideu   PNLOC Kikideu (an area at Rorovana 2)    
TTU Torau kiki-na kíkina     small   (occurs with definite N) [M] [‘khikina AH] [RS] [AS] na kikina, *ma kikina  
TTU Torau kikiu kikíu     wash body but “wash clothes, plates, etc., not self”   (see sasaoa) (magu kikíu) [‘baden’ RS] [Pira] domala ta sua patálo magu sasau ‘Today it rained so I wash’ (wash clothes, plates, etc., not self)  
TTU Torau kiloko kiloko     oclock clock   inau waka nalo fo kiloko kae asoma ‘I will finish work at 4 o’clock’  
TTU Torau kimasa kimása     bailer    
TTU Torau kini kini     k.o. tree kiwila    
TTU Torau kinukinu(-na) kínukinu(na)     crooked   [‘krumm’ RS]    
TTU Torau kiokio kíokío     bird with blue chest and white around neck   (onomatopoaeic) (not sista as per Don Hadden’s book)    
TTU Torau kiroi kirói     sea urchin, short spined   (eaten, cooked by putting in the fire until black and inside cooked)    
TTU Torau kiu kíu   N + V wind   ma kíu ‘It’s windy.’ kíu ma kákalo ‘The wind is strong.’ [M] [AH] [kiuu RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau kiuni matirane kiuni matirane     wind of dry reef of day time, comes from direction of Kieta, all year round   (That's all - just 3 k.o. wind)    
TTU Torau kiwikiwirori kiwikiwirori     outrigger pins    
TTU Torau koa kóa     k.o. clam in rock   [kokoa AH]    
TTU Torau koa ~ koaia ~ koadia koa ~ koaia ~ kóadía     drink   loa[M]    
TTU Torau koau kóau     ashes   [AH] [RB] [‘dust’; [‘ashes’ AS]    
TTU Torau kobaa(la) kobáa(la)     not stomach, bladder? intestine?   (MM says 'liver') [kobáha-gu [‘Magen’ RS]    
TTU Torau kobonuka kobonuka   N k.o. palm, grows in big forest, not near villages    
TTU Torau kobonuka kobonuka   N large wooden tray (not made of kobonuka palm)     [kobo [‘Trog, Teller’ RS]    
TTU Torau kodoki kodóki     kokota kokodo    
TTU Torau kodolai kodólai     corner of room, small space, nook   kodóla[‘Bucht’ RS]    
TTU Torau koitoki kòitóki   Vitr be lazy   kóitoke[‘träg’ RS]    
TTU Torau koko kóko     garden of taro   [koko [‘Garten’ RS]    
TTU Torau koko koko     k.o. cane basket, round    
TTU Torau kokoa kokoá     drink   [AH]    
TTU Torau kokoe koko.e   V roast over open fire, grill (fish only)   [kokoia [‘rösten’ RS]    
TTU Torau kokoia kokoia     roast   [kokoia [‘rösten’ RS]    
TTU Torau kokoki kokoki     tree in R2 photo 2    
TTU Torau kokoleu kókolèu     thousand   (can’t just say kokoleu – must say idai or whatever, enumerate, on own just means chicken) [‘thousand/very many’ [AS]    
TTU Torau kokoleu kòkoléu     chicken   kòkoleu ála /kòkolewála/ [‘rooster’; kókolèu báina [‘hen’    
TTU Torau kokolo soro kókolo sóro     all clams that live on the sound (i.e. not soda mamàku)    
TTU Torau kokolosoro kókolosóro     k.o. clam    
TTU Torau kokonibaka kokonibaka     k.o. plant, various types, grows among wild taro, used leaves for carrying water before   (*baka)    
TTU Torau kokonoro kokónoro     boil   (*konoro) (see akonor)   ketolo ma kokónoro 'The kettle is boiling'  
TTU Torau kokopau(-na) kokopáu(na)     thumb big toe   [M] [AH] [AS]    
TTU Torau kokora(la) kokóra(la)     anus cowardly   [‘feig’ RS]    
TTU Torau kokoβoro kokoβoro kokovoro ~ kokoworo   outrigger, outrigger float   [AS]    
TTU Torau koku ~ kokua ~ kokudia koku ~ kókua ~ kókudía   Vtr shape (canoe only)    
TTU Torau kola-i-a ~ kola-dia kolaia ~ koladia     weave (mat) poke s.th. down with stick, as fruit   [AS]    
TTU Torau kolokoloruata kolokoloruata     square    
TTU Torau komasa komasa     scrape, shave, sharpen   burumu magu komasadia 'I sharpen the broom (by scraping the sides)'  
TTU Torau komuka komuka     parrot sp. - red-flanked lorikeet   (DH plate 123, not as per list) [‘rainbow lorikeet’ DH]    
TTU Torau komukomu kómukómu     snake (generic) (inc. sea snakes   [AH] [komkom M] [ko’mukomu [‘Schlange, Wurm’ RS] [comu RB] [AS] komukomu namini paparemai, komukomu namini eloai  
TTU Torau konoro konoro   Vitr smoulder (of coconut shell for transferring fire)   (ma konoro)    
TTU Torau koobaka kóobàka     hermit crab (gen., including small beach hermit crabs and large bush hermit crabs)    
TTU Torau kookolo kóokolo     clam (gen.)    
TTU Torau kopela kopela     bearers (beams)    
TTU Torau kopela-la kopelala     underneath (?)    
TTU Torau koputia koputia     cut with saw, knife, anything sharp also snap of string    
TTU Torau koputu ~ koputia koputu ~ koputia     cut up (general) (Vtr)    
TTU Torau kori(na) kori(na)     hip   [corinah [‘Gesäss’ RB]    
TTU Torau kosi kosi     cut (with a sawing motion, but using a knife, not a saw)    
TTU Torau kosia ~ kosidia kosia ~ kosidia     cut (with a sawing motion, but using a knife, not a saw)   [M] [AS]    
TTU Torau koteuka koteuka     garden of sweet potato; also more generally garden   (see koteukai) [koteuka-;koteukai AS]    
TTU Torau koteuka kóteùka     sweet potato kaukau   [ko’teika AH] [koteok M] [koteuka AS]    
TTU Torau koti koti     hold a court hearing   di koti 'They brought something to court.', idai koti 'one hearing'  
TTU Torau kotia ~ kotidia kotia ~ kotidia     tickle, poke      
TTU Torau kotiai kotiai     hold court    
TTU Torau koto koto     be swollen (of stomach, not bag)    
TTU Torau koto kóto     fall but get caught on s.th. high up    
TTU Torau koweu koweu     bird sp. (bush-hen)   [DH]    
TTU Torau koβeno kóβeno     wind from NE that (onshore at R) blows away clouds and rain)    
TTU Torau koβeno koβeno     k.o. wind, from southeast (from sea, no rain, makes place dry, comes just in June and January; associated with calm sease, white clouds at very top of mountain)   (That's all - just 3 k.o. wind)    
TTU Torau kuake kuáke     rat mouse   [AH] [kuak M] [ko’ake [‘Maus’ RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau kuakua kúakua     frog (k.o., big, jumps)   (AH has superscript ‘u’s, so maybe [kwakwa]) (onomatopoeic) [AH]    
TTU Torau kubo kubo     bend down      
TTU Torau kuia kuja     any small shoulder bag   [‘Beteltasche’ RS]    
TTU Torau kuikui kwíkwí     grasshopper (gen., many kinds), includes crickets "because we dont know the name of cricket"    
TTU Torau kuisi kuisi     bird sp. (Woodfords rail)   [DH]    
TTU Torau kukau kúkau     dolphin in groups (jumps with boat, chases tuna)    
TTU Torau kukurisi-na kukurísina     finger(including thumb), toe   [M] [‘finger’ AH] [‘Finger’ RS]    
TTU Torau kukuru kúkuru     pigeon sp. (island imperial-pigeon), brown bird that eats galip nuts (kept as pets)   (generic for pigeons?) when tibola said it it sounded lik kuukuru [DH] [‘Taube’ RB]    
TTU Torau kulukia kúlukía     skink    
TTU Torau kulukulu ~ kulukulu kulúkulu ~ kúlukùlu     bamboo (generic)   [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau kumikumina kúmikúmina     twilight (you can see but not recognise)   magu tutunaina ‘I’m pushing it (wheelbarrow)’  
TTU Torau kuneadi kúneádi     yellow fin    
TTU Torau kune-la kúnéla     tail (of dog, pig, fish, bird)   (see sopiti-na); (Mauku says also of birds) [AH] [‘Fischschwanz’, [‘Schwanz’ ([‘e’ has short vowel diacritic) RS]    
TTU Torau kuria ~ kuridia kuria ~ kuridia   Vtr scrape coconut     kae kuria
kae kuridia
 
TTU Torau kurikuri kurikuri   Vitr scrape coconut     kae kurikuri 'I will scrape coconut'  
TTU Torau kuritoa kúritòa     k.o. banana, for cooking    
TTU Torau kuru kúru     owl sp. (Solomons hawk-owl)   [DH]    
TTU Torau kurukuruβatuni kúrukúruβátuni     sea snake with black and blue bands    
TTU Torau kurukuruβatunu kurukuruβatunu   N white and black banded sea snake    
TTU Torau kurupi kúrupi     landslide      
TTU Torau kusisi kusisi     coconut scraper, sit aside    
TTU Torau -la la     3SG.SBJ    
TTU Torau -la la     thither    
TTU Torau -la la     NOM    
TTU Torau -la ~ -na la ~ na     3SG.POSS   (-na / V[+high]__ ; -la / V[-high]__ [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau la~laa la~láa     chiefs   [‘Häuptlinge’ RS]    
TTU Torau laa láa     chief, paramount chief   [láha [‘Häuptling’ RS]    
TTU Torau laa~lao laa~láo     go (redup. form in pres. construction)   [la-láu M] [laa’lao [‘walk’ AH]    
TTU Torau labelai labelai   PNLOC a location near the border between Kieta and Buin. One of the places the Torau first went to. Next to the location Torau itself. Identified by M in 1926 as a Torau speaking village     [M]    
TTU Torau lae lae     ??    
TTU Torau lagata lagata   Vtr ask    
TTU Torau lagat-i-a ~ lagata-dia lagátia ~ lagatadia     ask   (O = person asked) [la’ngatia [‘fragen’ RS]    
TTU Torau lagoo lagóo   ADV later   In some egs it is away from the clause periphery between arguments - therefore not conjunction but temporal adverb. [AH] [lagukaiwario [‘tell’ M] e-na ruma e lago inau kae kaisi-a 'This house I will buy later.'  
TTU Torau la-ia laia   Vtr take, as in time   Taemu mala losola pae laia. 'It takes some time.'  
TTU Torau laia ~ laidia laia ~ laidia     go go get them go get him   a conjunction but a temporal adverb.    
TTU Torau laisae laisae     go up   (see laosae)   ma laosae ‘he/she/it went up’; *di laosae  
TTU Torau lalajala lálajála   Vitr be married (as a state, not get married)   stative    
TTU Torau lalasa lalasa     go in a hidden way, e.g. behind the houses, through the bush, etc.   ma lalasa  
TTU Torau lalauma lalauma     come (redup. form in pres. construction)   la-lao-ma[la-lau-ma M]    
TTU Torau lama lama     come   (historically ma lauma, but not synchronically)   malama AUX ‘he came and...’; magulama ‘I came and...’  
TTU Torau lamia ~ lamidia lamía ~ lamidia     pity   [‘bedauern, bemitleiden’ RS]    
TTU Torau lanielo lánièlo     lord of sea   (=turábana)    
TTU Torau lao lao     go   (not lau) [AH] [lau M] [lau [‘gehen’ RS] [AS] magu lao sakesake; ma lao abani ‘go back’; ka lao mánabu ~ káelo mánabu ‘I want to go rest.’  
TTU Torau lao lao     k.o. pandanus    
TTU Torau lao~lao lao~lao   N visitors   idai lao~lao 'one visitor'  
TTU Torau laolao laolao     k.o. fruit and tree, red when ripe, attracts parrots        
TTU Torau laosae laosae     go up (from village to K + Ms house)   (see laisae)   ma laosae 'She is going up (from village to K + M's house)'  
TTU Torau lapana lapana     lantern   lápana oto salato 'The lantern is hanging.'  
TTU Torau laso laso     be tame   amealalaso[‘zahm’ RS] ma laso; eta laso gito ‘Hemi tame finis’  
TTU Torau laulausa laulausa   Vitr cook with coconut cream   (see lausa)   kae laulausa 'I will cook with coconut cream'  
TTU Torau lauma láuma     come   (not laoma) (monomorphemic) láu-ma[M] [AH] [laumai [‘kommen’ RS]    
TTU Torau lauou lauou     descend   (not *laouou) (/lawou/)   Ranimate ma lauou 'Ranimate is going down.'  
TTU Torau lausa lausa   Vtr cook with coconut cream   (see laulausa)   kae lausa-ia 'I will cook with coconut cream'  
TTU Torau lea lea     TUN024    
TTU Torau leako léako     string, rope   [AS]    
TTU Torau lee lee   ADV immediately    
TTU Torau leea ~ leedia léea ~ léedia     pass by s.th. or s.o.    
TTU Torau lelea leléa     laugh   [AH] [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau lelea-in-a leleáina     laugh at s.o.   [‘verspotten’ RS]    
TTU Torau leleua ~ leleua ~ leleudia leléua ~ léleùa ~ leleudia     advise, etc. give good helpful words to, expecting good outcome   [‘ermahnen’ RS]    
TTU Torau lepadoro lepadoro     go all the way    
TTU Torau leuleu léulèu     brave doesnt listen   [‘tapfer, mutig’ RS] na leuleuna ‘he doesn’t think, goes ahead [with] things, he is strong or tough’  
TTU Torau lo lo     go   (historically ma lao, but not synchronically)   ka lao mánabu ~ káelo mánabu ‘I want to go rest.’; lao lo kikiu ‘go and wash’  *lao kikiu; lao lo aniani ‘go ahead and eat’; malo AUX ‘he went and...’; magulo ‘I went and...’  
TTU Torau -lo lo     go    
TTU Torau loa loa     paramount chief, one chief for both R1 and R2, passes to oldest son (who is different clan), but if wants to keep in clan might marry woman of same clan, or nominate nephew as successor    
TTU Torau lobo lóbo     capsicum lombo    
TTU Torau lobo sisi lobo sisi     chilli      
TTU Torau lokaloka lokáloka     necklace made of aromatic things (also just the things, as in pisu ceremony – used in customs)   [‘Halsband’ RS]    
TTU Torau loleu lóleu     skipjack    
TTU Torau lolo lólo     mosquito   [M] [RB] [AS]    
TTU Torau loloana loloana     ?alone    
TTU Torau lolobusu ~ lolobusu lolóbusu ~ lòlobúsu     straight   (check stress) [lológusu RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau loloβi-gu loloβigu     chest (man or woman) inside    
TTU Torau lomoa lómoa     feel, massage see if banana is ripe press (button on torch)   [‘fühlen’ RS]    
TTU Torau lomolomo lomolomo     feel soft   (golo ma lamolomo)    
TTU Torau lomo-lomoto ~ lomolomoto lomolómoto ~ lòmolomóto     wet (of floor, anything, body, etc.)   I think 2nd stress pattern is right - 2007 [AH] [AS] [lomóto [‘nass’ RS]    
TTU Torau loni lóni     silent, crazy, stupid, ignorant   [‘stumm’ RS] pau loni  
TTU Torau losoo losóo   Vitr be many   Mosbi anua di losoo ‘Long Mosbi ol pipol i planti.’  
TTU Torau losoola losóola     many   [AH] [lusola M] [AS]    
TTU Torau losuru losuru     fetch liquid (water, kero etc.)   Tíbola atee pae lósurùma  
TTU Torau lotu lotu   Vitr pray    
TTU Torau lotui lotui     pray (V)    
TTU Torau loβo loβo   N capsicum    
TTU Torau loβo sisi loβo sisi   N chilli    
TTU Torau lukautu ~ lukaut-a lukautu ~ lukauta     look after   (should be toro)    
TTU Torau ma ma     3SG.SUBJ.RL   (*ma soare; ma melatu);  [AH] [‘er hat… (Perfekt)’ RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau -ma ma     hither   (directional enclitic) [AS]    
TTU Torau -ma ma     1EXCPL.POSS    
TTU Torau ma rare ma tou ma rare ma tou     daybreak    
TTU Torau maako maako     be cooked   maako atoro  
TTU Torau maana maana   INCH open    
TTU Torau maaruala maaruala     be lucky   (di máruala 'they were lucky')    
TTU Torau mada mada     1INCPL.SUBJ.RL   [AS]    
TTU Torau mae máe     be ashamed, shy   [mamáe [‘sich schämen’ RS]    
TTU Torau maemae maemae   N   shame, sensitive grass   (na maemae
*ma maemae)
   
TTU Torau maerain-a ~ maiaidia maeraina ~ maiaidia   Vtr be angry with   (definitely mair-aina)    
TTU Torau maere maere   Vitr be angry    
TTU Torau maga maga     not growing or developing    
TTU Torau magamagaunala magamagaunala     when s.o. doesnt grow   (see maga)    
TTU Torau magara magára     bow (for arrows)   [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau magea magea   V be very good   di magea 'they are very good'  
TTU Torau magea(la) magea(la)     good also means thanks   (used for different things than atoro(la)    
TTU Torau magela soma magéla soma     thanks; very good    
TTU Torau magota magóta     old woman   (see kanea)  [AH] [‘old’ M] [‘altes Weib’ RS]    
TTU Torau ma-gu mágu     1SG.SUBJ.RL   [‘ich habe… (Perfekt)’ RS] [AS] magu abani ‘I replaced it’  
TTU Torau magununa màgunúna     thigh   [magunuma [‘Schenkel’ RB] [AS]    
TTU Torau mai mai   Vitr be shy   di mai    
TTU Torau maika maika     common shortened version of numa aika   RP regards this as incorrect, but it's what occurs in RM data and I think in the 2006 texts      
TTU Torau mai-mai máimai     basket – flat bottom, sides shallow, with no handle, round (for fish, pisu, etc.)    
TTU Torau maire maire     be cross, be angry   di maire ‘They’re cross’  
TTU Torau mairi mairi     left (side)    
TTU Torau mairi-na mairina     left (hand; leg) area to left of   maeriu[AS]    
  maki   ‘mark (Vtr)’ ‘mark (N)’    
TTU Torau makumaku makumaku     small pieces of rubbish or grit that fall   [Pira]    
TTU Torau mala mala   ADV a little bit   kae mala uaka 'I will work for a little while' magu mala aoso 'I feel a little bit sick'  
TTU Torau malae-la maláela     fathers sisters husband, mothers brother, sisters child (male speaking), husbands sisters child, mothers sisters son (female speaking), fathers sisters husband (female speaking), mothers sisters husband (male or female speaking), spouses mothers brother   ("uncle") [‘mein Oheim’ RS] [Cms] [malae-u AS]    
TTU Torau malagani málagàni     edible fern (edible fronds)   [malagana [‘spinach’ M]    
TTU Torau malasu malásu     defecate   [‘notdurft verrichten’ RS] magu malásu  
TTU Torau malonu málonu     mangoe    
TTU Torau mama mama     chew betelnut   [AS]    
TTU Torau mamaa mamáa     yawn    
TTU Torau ma-magota mamagota     old women   me-magota[‘altes Weib’ (pl) RS]    
TTU Torau mamai mamai   N, ADJ shy   ena maimai; e na maimai; ia maimai [mai mai ‘Krokodil’ RB]    
TTU Torau mama-i-a mamaia     chew (betelnut)   [AS]    
TTU Torau ma-malae-la mamalaela     uncles   [‘meine Oheime’ RS]    
TTU Torau mamamanuanina mámamanúanína   N fontanelle   (e-na mámamanúanína)    
TTU Torau mamanu(na) mamanu(na)     fontenelle   [mamanuna [‘brain’ AS] [mamanuana 'heart' M]    
TTU Torau mamanuna màmanúna   N fontanelle    
TTU Torau mamaroa màmaróa     orphan   (idai mamaroa, but usually tabi mamaroa)
(*di mamaroa)
   
TTU Torau mamasa mamása     dry, completely dried up   atee ma mamása 'The river is dry.'  
TTU Torau mamata mamáta   Vitr wake up   [‘aufstehen vom Schlaf’ RS] [kaimemata ‘wake’ M]    
TTU Torau mamate mámate     be dead    
TTU Torau mamau mámau     k.o. ant (small)   (kádiki and mámau are classes of ants with different types)    
TTU Torau mamioko màmióko     pawpaw      
TTU Torau manabu mánabu     rest malolo   dapa manabu 'Let's rest.' kae mánabu 'I will rest.'  
TTU Torau manarola mánaròla     coconut, completely brown   [‘Kokosnuss, ganz junge’ RB]    
TTU Torau mande mande     Monday    
TTU Torau mane mane     money    
TTU Torau manekau manekau     eagle sp. (Sanfords eagle; variable goshawk)   [DH]    
TTU Torau mani máni     1EXCPL.SUBJ.RL   [‘wir haben… (Perfekt)’ RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau -mani mani     1EXCPL.OBJ   [a’lomani [‘…hat uns gemacht’; a’loimani [‘hat es uns gemacht’ RS]    
TTU Torau -mani mani     1EXCPL.POSS   [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau -mani mani     1EXCPL.SUBJ    
TTU Torau mani-pa mánipa     1EXCPL.SUBJ.IRR   [‘wir… (Futur)’ RS] [AS] manipa isi ‘we will singsing with panpipes’  
TTU Torau mano mano     calm (of sea)   [AS]    
TTU Torau manu manu     be calm (of person)   [Oseose loloana story]    
TTU Torau maraabu mara.abu     plantation   (four syllables)    
TTU Torau maraela maráela     long   [maraila M] [‘hoch, lang’ RS] [AS] [maráda AH] inau na maraela; *maraegu  
TTU Torau marakopa màrakópa     small portable altar for sacrificing pig etc. - it has a fire    
TTU Torau maremare maremare     k.o. tree on beach, “rain tree”    
TTU Torau mari mári   Vitr have sore and red eyes from too much sun and salt air, especially from being on the sea   ma-gu mari. ' I am sore-eyed from the sun.' mata-gu ma mari. 'My eyes are sore from the sun.'  
TTU Torau mari mári   N sore and red eyes from too much sun and salt air, especially from being on the sea   mari ma alo-au 'sore eyes from the sun are affecting me.'  
TTU Torau mari mári   N k.o. bag, long, for taking things to the garden   *maari [‘Sack’ ([‘a’ has macron and seems to have accent) RS]    
TTU Torau mari-agara màriágara     possum “crawling bird” (not k.o. bird)_    
TTU Torau marii maríi     bird (generic, inc. bats)   mári[M] [AH] [ma’rii, ma’ri [‘Vogel’ RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau maromagara ~ maromagara máromágara ~ màromagára     sea eagle, a large bird that dives for fish   (variation wàromagára)    
TTU Torau maru maru     k.o. leaf, used for fishing for luck by men only, put on rod or line    
TTU Torau marua marua     middle (?)   (in arimaruala in Tapi Samasama story) (arimaruada etc. but *marua(la))    
TTU Torau masi-masini másimasìni     very bloody   [‘rot’ RS]    
TTU Torau masini masíni     blood   [AH] [masin M] [‘Blut’ RS]    
TTU Torau masini-na màsinína     blood   [AS]    
TTU Torau masuru másuru     be full (after eating)   masúru[‘satt sein’ RS]    
TTU Torau mata-keto-la mataketola   N a sideways glance   def. POSS suffix, def 1 word    
TTU Torau matala mátala   N face    
TTU Torau matala matala     morning star    
TTU Torau mata-la mátala     eye   matá-la[M] [AH] [‘Auge, geesicht’ RS] [matalla RB] [AS]    
TTU Torau matani uda matáni udá     eye of the fire (time fire comes up) ai bilong faia   [‘Asche’ RS]    
TTU Torau matasaβa màtasáβa     area between beach and íirisi    
TTU Torau matasuru-na mátasùruna     tears    
TTU Torau matate matate      
TTU Torau matate matáte     emerge; show up; rise (of sun) arrive   [‘aufgehen (Sonne)’ RS] [AS] magu matate; ogara ma matate  
TTU Torau matau(na) matau(na)     right (hand, side, etc.)   [AS]    
TTU Torau mataβaβana màtaβáβana     k.o. fish, smaller fish in 2nd fish photo   MM wrote this down. I thought Cyril had said màtaváuana.    
TTU Torau mate máte     die be dead   [AH] [‘sterben’ RS] mà ka mámate ‘it’s not dead’  
TTU Torau mati máti   N + V low tide, dry reef        
TTU Torau mati mati   N + V low tide, dry reef; shallow, of sea or river where it enters sea   (elo na mati, elo ma mati) [‘reef’ AS] elo ma mati 'It's low tide (now)'; narola elo ta mati 'Yesterday it was low tide'; elo na mati 'it's shallow' ma máti ‘It’s high tide.’ máti ma táu ‘The low tide is dry reef. (ie. the tide is very low)’  
TTU Torau mati-boni mátibóni     dry reef at night, also season when there is a dry reef at night    
TTU Torau matiou matiou     low tide   [AS]    
TTU Torau mati-rare mátiráre     dry reef in day, also season when there is a dry reef in the day    
TTU Torau matua mátua     ready   [‘reif’ RS]    
TTU Torau matuala màtuála     devil,spirit (some spirits of dead people, others not), ghost   ['ghost' M] matuala gòreáika(la) ‘many devils’  
TTU Torau matuala geesi matuala geesi     big devil, frightens children, some bigger than a house      
TTU Torau matuala kiki matuala kiki     small devil, maybe ghost of child and so on   ;   
TTU Torau maukadiki máukadíki     k.o. ant (lives on particular tree, k.o. kadiki)    
TTU Torau maukadiki máukadíki     k.o. tree that always has máukadíki (ant)    
TTU Torau mauku máuku     hut   magu lao sakesake; *magu sakesake  
TTU Torau maunai máunai     crocodile   [M] [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau mausu máusu     sleep   N and V [AH] [kaimausu M] [‘mausu, [‘mausa [‘schlafen’, [‘Schlaf’ RS]    
TTU Torau me- me     ??    
TTU Torau mea-la méala     tongue   [M] [AH] [me’angu RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau meatia ~ meatadia meátia ~ meatadia     lick   [‘lecken’ RS]    
TTU Torau medaa medáa     flying fox (k.o. marii)   [M] [AH] [me’daa [‘Fliegender Hund’ RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau melatu melatu     weak   ma melatu; *na melatu   ma melatu ; *na melatu  
TTU Torau meleni méleni     watermelon    
TTU Torau menaga(-la) menága(la)     fat, grease   menáka(-la)[me’nagala AH] [me’naka [‘fett’ RS]    
TTU Torau mera(-la) mera(la)     vagina, female genitals   [M]    
TTU Torau mesara mesara     bloodstain    
TTU Torau metee metée     coconut (dry nut)   "not mete, if it was it would be pronounced méte but its metée" RP [‘coconut’ [metee M] [‘metee RS] [meteeh RB] [metee AS]    
TTU Torau metomo métomo     k.o. fish    
TTU Torau metomu métomu     k.o. fish    
TTU Torau midi midi     k.o. creeper that grows on trees     ['vine' M]    
TTU Torau migu-a ~ migu-dia mígua ~ migudia     bend, fold (e.g. legs, sheets, chair)   [‘biegen’ RS]    
TTU Torau mimi mími     urine, urinate   [‘Harn, sein Wasser machen’ RS]    
TTU Torau mimideke mimideke     bird sp. (Solomons flowerpecker)   [DH]    
TTU Torau mimisi mímisi     red shell money strings of shell money (still used)   (one of three kinds – names of others not yet recorded)   e ina aguna buku ‘this is my book’  
TTU Torau misimisinari mìsimìsinári     red   (alternate term for red; see ísoíso) ("from 'missionary' because of red skin." Sounds like folk etymology to me.)    
TTU Torau mode mode     soft (of firewood only)   (mai ma mode, mai na mode)    
TTU Torau modela modela     modicum, a little bit of s.th.   (*idai mode)   modela patereau 'Give me a bit.' na modela 'It's liklik tru.'  
TTU Torau moderare moderáre     morning until about 11   [AH] [AS]    
TTU Torau moi mói     firewood   [‘Holz’, [‘Baum’ RS] [moigessi [‘Baum’ RB] magu kaku moi 'I'm chopping firewood'  
TTU Torau moiara moiara     stick with a sharp end for making holes in the ground for planting taro, kaukau, yam, etc.   (no *modedia etc.)    
TTU Torau mokolo mókolo     turtle (generic)   [M] [mokólo [‘Schildkröte’ RS] [mokolo [‘Schildkröte’ RB] [AS]    
TTU Torau mokoru mokoru     Nicobar pigeon   [DH]    
TTU Torau mola mola     canoe (klinker-built)   (see mona) [‘Plankenboot’ RS]    
TTU Torau molina molina     semen    
TTU Torau momolenu mòmolénu     green/yellow   (no other meaning)    
TTU Torau mona móna   N plank canoe (no longer made)   (see mola)    
TTU Torau morita moríta     cold (of water, weather, anything); cold to touch    (also skin, etc., but not internal feeling(c.f. rorogoro)) [AH] ['soft' M] rare ma morita 'the day is cold' rare morita 'cold day'  
TTU Torau moro-la morola     arse, bottom    
TTU Torau mosimosi mósimósi     tomorrow   (‘day after tomorrow’ is arisa) [AH] [‘tomorrow’; [‘day after tomorrow’ AS]    
TTU Torau moso moso     bird sp. (uniform swiftlet; white rumped swiftlet)   [DH]    
TTU Torau mosokia ~ mosokidia mosokia ~ mosokidia     kiss s.o.   edi ari mosoki  
TTU Torau mosuna-la mosunála     meat, flesh   [AH] [mō’sunanguRS] [AS]    
TTU Torau motaia ~ motadia motaia ~ motadia   Vtr bombard    
TTU Torau mu     2SG.SUBJ.RL, 2PL.SUBJ.RL   [‘du hast… (Perfekt)’; [‘ihr habt… (Perfekt)’ ([‘u’ has macron and accent) RS] [AS] mu alobela ‘You hurry up!’  
TTU Torau -mu mu     2PL.OBJ   [a’lomu [‘…hat euch gemacht’; a’loimu [‘hat es euch gemacht’ RS]    
TTU Torau -mu mu     2PL.POSS   [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau -mu mu     2PL.SUBJ    
TTU Torau mu~mudi-na mu~mudina     after, behind, the behind of   [‘presently’ M]    
TTU Torau mu~muni mu~muni   Vitr hide, be hidden   [‘hide s.th.’ AS] magu mumuni ‘I hide’  
TTU Torau mua múa     louse   [M] [AH] [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau mudi-na mudina     the back of, the behind of, after, behind   (*mudi) Tapi Samasama story inau e mudinai kae kaisia 'I'll take it after her.'  
TTU Torau muko múko     turtle, similar to ráuráu but head short    
TTU Torau mumudi múmudi     after    
TTU Torau mumuro múmuro     k.o. shell money, different to mimisi    
TTU Torau mumuru múmuru     k.o. shell money   (Cyril has never seen, no longer used)    
TTU Torau muni ~ muna ~ mun-i-dia muni ~ muna ~ munidia   Vtr hide s.th.   golo ma muni 'He hid the banana.'  
TTU Torau musi musi     stale (esp. of fish)    
TTU Torau muumuni muumuni   N hide and seek    
TTU Torau -n n     APPLIC   (not V, magu lao sakesake ‘I went quickly’, but *magu sakesake, but note APPLIC therefore is enclitic in line 92 of Pira story)    
TTU Torau na na     (na soare; *na melatu)    
TTU Torau -na na     SG   (indicates sg possessum!) [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau -na na     see -la    
TTU Torau nabaa nabáa   V spear (fish etc.)    
TTU Torau nabaia ~ nabadia nabaia ~ nabadia     shoot with spear, stone, etc., may or may not pierce    
TTU Torau nabutu nabútu     heavy   [M] [AH] [na’botu[‘schwer’ RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau naepe náepe     knife   [AS]    
TTU Torau nakia nákia     ginger   [M]    
TTU Torau nakusa nakusa     fall on top of    
TTU Torau nalo nalo     ?? EXHST   inau waka nalo fo kiloko kae asoma ‘I will finish work at 4 o’clock’  
TTU Torau name name     breathe   [AS]    
TTU Torau namini namini     belong to bilong (= amini)    
TTU Torau namu-a ~ namudia namua ~ namudia   V taste (food)   [‘taste (of food)’ AS]    
TTU Torau namu-na atoro namuna atoro   N delicious   [‘wohlschmeckend’ RS] ‘taste bilong good’ namuna na atoro(la)  
TTU Torau namu-na saka namuna saka   N bad tasting   [‘schlechtschmeckend’ RS] ‘taste bilong bad’ namuna na sakanina  
TTU Torau nanini nánini     large k.o. arrow sharp object used for fighting; big spear   [AH] [nanin M]    
TTU Torau nano nano     fly (insect)   [M] [AS]    
TTU Torau naolo naolo     feelings; sense s.th., wake up, feel   (see alaola) (au na naolo ‘emotions, feeling on body, wake up’) [‘aufwachen’ RS] eina naolo ‘his feelings’; magu naolo ‘I woke up’  
TTU Torau nara nára     duck sp. (Pacific black duck)   (generic for ducks, wild only) [DH]    
TTU Torau narasa nárasa     scorpion shell   ("But should be called Nárasa, but now they call it narasa.  They don't pronounce the 'g'.")    
TTU Torau nari nári     Canarium almond nut and tree galip (?? wantaim diwai)   [‘Tahitian chestnut’ AS]    
TTU Torau narina narina     testicles    
TTU Torau nari-na narina     seed of any fruit (watermelon, pawpaw etc)     [nárina 'heart' AH] [narína ‘Frucht’ RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau naro naro   Vitr be ready to harvest (of yams only)   ui ma naro 'The yams are ready.'  
TTU Torau narola nárola     yesterday   monomorphemic - *naro [AH] [AS]    
TTU Torau nasi nasi     cloth for squeezing coconut, term used in Tarara and Vito    
TTU Torau nasi ~ nasia ~ nasidia nasi ~ nasia ~ nasidia   Vtr pull with a rope (fish, car)   [AS] inau na papoarina nasialai ‘I’m not good at catching fish’  
TTU Torau nasua nasua     eat sugar cane chew sugar cane   [AH]    
TTU Torau natoo natóo   Vitr be enough   (ma natoo 'that's enough')   Natoo! 'That's enough!'  
TTU Torau naβu naβu     stay underwater holding breath   [‘ruhen’ RS]    
TTU Torau nemi nemi     reef thats exposed at high tide drairip    
TTU Torau nena néna     bird sp. (brahminy kite)   (sikogia?) [DH]    
TTU Torau nenei nenei     k.o. tree   (??tharn TP/Eng)    
TTU Torau ni ni     associative particle   clitic. stress seems to place it in word with preceding V, but speakers can separate them when enunciating phrases. see amini, namini   kanea ni dedeawa ‘man bilong long ago’  
TTU Torau nia nia     mau like thing in swamp    
TTU Torau niaka niáka     my mother mother, fathers brothers wife, mothers sister   (irregular 1SGP form. see nia-la) [M] [Cms]    
TTU Torau nia-la níala     mother    (no regular 1SGP form. see niaka) [AH] [ni’anguRS] [RB] [AS]    
TTU Torau ni-da nida     we (inclusive)   [AS]    
TTU Torau ni-da a-da tani-na-rua nida ada taninarua     we two (inclusive)   [AS]    
TTU Torau ni-da ia episa nida ia episa     we three (inclusive)   [AS]    
TTU Torau niga-la nigala     fathers sisters son, fathers brothers son (female speaking), mothers brothers son (male or female speaking), first cousin   [Cms]    
TTU Torau niganiaka niganiaka     long ago   niganiaka vito magu to tuu ‘long ago I used to live in Vito’  
TTU Torau nikama nikama     ?? (archaic word)   (in song from Sugiaiworo story)    
TTU Torau nima níma     five   [M] [RS] [‘niima AH] [AS]    
TTU Torau ni-mani nímani     we, us (EXC)   [AH] [ni’mani [‘wir, uns’ RS]    
TTU Torau nimanidi nimanidi     we (EXCPL)    
TTU Torau ni-mu nímu     you (pl)   [‘ihr, euch’ (one listing has macron and acute over i) RS]    
TTU Torau ni-mu a-mu tani-na-rua nimu amu taninarua     you two   [AH] [ni-mu a-mu tani-na-rua [‘you two’ AS]    
TTU Torau ni-mu ia episa nimu ia episa     you three   [AS]    
TTU Torau ni-mu-di nímudi     you (pl)   [AH] [AS]    
TTU Torau ni-mudi ia episa nimudi ia episa     we three (exclusive)   [AS]    
TTU Torau nini- nini   Vtr ?alone bound form occurring in two compounds only means s.th. like have feelings   Cannot occur in isolation *nini. (Mauku said ‘between’, ‘each other’.  Medaa isina Maromagara story notes say = ‘alone’)    
TTU Torau ni-nia-la níniàla     mothers   [‘meine Mütter’ RS]    
TTU Torau niniatoro niniatoro   N positive feelings   idai niniatoro  
TTU Torau niniatoro ~ niniatori-a niniatoro ~ niniatoria   Vitr, Vtr have positive feelings, have positive feelings towards s.o. or s.th.   niatoro   ma niniator-i-o 'He has good feelings towards you.'   
TTU Torau ninisakai ninisakai   N ill feelings   idai ninisakai  
TTU Torau ninisakai ~ ninisakai-a ninisakai ~ ninisakaia   Vitr, Vtr have ill feelings, have ill feelings towards s.o. or s.th.   *nisakai   ma ninisakai-a  
TTU Torau nio-la níola     tooth, teeth   (see nioto-gu) [M] [AH] [ni’oŋu [‘Mund’ RS] [nioguraus [‘mouth’ M] [niola [‘Mund’ RB][AS]    
TTU Torau nioto-la nìotóla     mouth   (see nío-la) (interchangeable with nonotola) [‘tooth’ [M] [AH] [ni’oŋu [‘Mund’ RS] [nioguraus [‘mouth’ M] [niola [‘Mund’ RB][AS] [niotou AS]    
TTU Torau nisa nisa     nit   [AS]    
TTU Torau nogolo nógolo ~ nogólo     giving highest honour to the laa, the practice of giving the first of every copy etc. to the chief to honour him   (seems to be N)    
TTU Torau noni nóni   N k.o. tree, juice from fruit used as medicine for many illnesses, leaves used to apply to sprains and breaks to heat skin and prevent blood clots    
TTU Torau nonoto-la nònotola     mouth   (nònotó-gu or nótogu, if 1st no dropped then initial stress) (interchangeable with niotola) [nonotó-la AH] [AS]    
TTU Torau nuba núba     level ground   [‘Ebene’ RS]    
TTU Torau numa aika numa aika     if he had gone, but didnt (past counterfactual marker)   see maika. numa = 'could have', aika = 'didn't' [Pira] maika apogu tapae lao, inau kae lao ba 'If my friend had gone I would've gone.' w.o. maika this means 'if my friend goes I will go'  
TTU Torau numaala numáala     deep     [lomála [‘tief’ RS]    
TTU Torau nunala núnala     walk   (see kakaana) (syn. sobii) [núnāla [‘Sand’ RS]    
TTU Torau nunu nunu     earthquake    
TTU Torau nunu-na núnuna     shadow image in photo soul-spirit that leaves bodies when dead reflection   (nunugu not really used for photo, it’s like it’s really part of you, like shadow or reflection) (see poto, pitsa) [‘shadow’ M] [‘nunūŋu [‘Seele’ RS] nunu lo toruia ‘look at’; nunugu magu toruia ‘I looked at my picture’  
TTU Torau nunupi nunúpi     be dark   V (see mutana) [‘dunkel’ RS] ['fight' M]    
TTU Torau nuso núso     squid   [AS]    
TTU Torau ŋaiŋai ŋaiŋai     name of Torau language   /ŋaiŋai/    
TTU Torau o o   CNJ or    
TTU Torau o o   EXCLM oh!    
TTU Torau -o o     2SG.OBJ   [a’loo [‘…hat dich gemacht’; a’loinio [‘hat es dir gemacht’ RS]    
TTU Torau obaka obaka   Vtr stab    
TTU Torau obaki-a ~ obaki-dia obakia ~ obakidia   Vtr pierce (with arrow, knife, spear, paper with pen, etc)   (definitely ‘pierce’) [‘shoot (arrow)’ AS]    
TTU Torau obobokadaka obóbokadáka     scorpion    
TTU Torau obobokadaka òbobòkadáka     thing like a yabbie, red, lives in creeks and mangrove lagoons, in holes, crawls around at night looking for food, tail like a prawn, very aggressive, can sting, and big ones are poisonous    
TTU Torau oburu ~ oburaina óburu ~ óburàina     force in, like pushing a cassava stick into the ground   [Pira]    
TTU Torau ode ode     genital (male)   [M]    
TTU Torau odela odela     penis    
TTU Torau odoro, odoro odóro, ódoro   Vitr be true, be correct     ma odoro 'He's right.' di ódoro soma ‘They (those things) are very true’  
TTU Torau odorola òdoróla   ADJ TRUE   [M]    
TTU Torau odoro-la odórola   N truth     [odóodola [‘wahr’ RS] na odorola 'It's true, it's correct.'  
TTU Torau ogara ogára     sun   [M] [AH] [ongara RS] [ogana RB] [AS] ogara ma matate  
TTU Torau ogara-i ~ ogara-dia ogarai ~ ogaradia     put in the sun   [‘say’ M]    
TTU Torau ogata ógata     return home    
TTU Torau ogo ogo   N wave   (see elo, kasora) [‘sea’ M]    
TTU Torau ogo-ogo mola ogoogo mola     throat (inside and outside)   [‘throat (exterior)’ AS]    
TTU Torau oi ói   N be tired tiring work   magu ói ‘I’m tired’  
TTU Torau oku oku   Vtr call    
TTU Torau oku oku     k.o. seashell    
TTU Torau oku-a ~ oku-dia okúa ~ okudia     call   [‘rufen’ RS]    
TTU Torau ola ola     be on the hook (of fish)   (see aolaia)    
TTU Torau ola ola   V get caught (in net, eg. fish)    
TTU Torau ola ola   V spread out (as wings)    
TTU Torau ola~olabu olá~olabu     fearful, timid   [‘furchtsam’ RS]    
TTU Torau ola~olabu ola~olabu   Vitr be habitually fearful   Pa-ka ola~olabu. 'Don't be a fearful person.'  
TTU Torau olabu olabu   Vitr fear (s.o.) be afraid   [AS]    
TTU Torau olai ~ olai-la olai ~ olaila     pus, mucus, snot   [‘pus’ AS]    
TTU Torau ola-la olála     area between navel and pubic area   (actually olabu?) [‘fürchten’ RS]    
TTU Torau olasia ~ olasadia olasia ~ olasadia   V open s.th.    
TTU Torau oloina ~ oloidia oloina ~ oloidia     push s.th. into s.th.    
TTU Torau olomo olomo     six   [M] [o’nomo RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau omado omado     olsem (see omano, umano, umado – variant pronunciations, different speakers have different forms)    
TTU Torau omana omana     olsem    
TTU Torau omano omano     olsem (see omado, umano, umado – variant pronunciations, different speakers have different forms)    
TTU Torau ome-na ~ ome-dia omena ~ omedia     praise excessively overstate how good or big something is exaggerate, but only positively   oméla[‘loben’ RS]    
TTU Torau ono óno     k.o. fish, small fish in fish photo   [‘Welle’ RS]    
TTU Torau onou onou     look after    
TTU Torau onou-ia onóuia     go and see if can help lukautim, lukim   [ho’nouia [‘denken’ RS]    
TTU Torau onu ónu     full (pot, jug, etc.), full to brim with water, kerosene, rice etc (not of body, from eating)   [‘full (of water)’ AS] [maónu AH]    
TTU Torau oo óo     yes   (falling intonation) [AH]    
TTU Torau oogi óogi   Vtr decorate face    
TTU Torau ooi ooi   V be tired   isóogu ma óoi 'my body is tired', magu ooi 'I am tired'.  
TTU Torau ooi ooi   N tiring work (something that is hard work or tiring or repetitive or boring)   na ooi turarema e tadapa ooaida [CHECK FORM] 'It's tiring when we are always doing this.'  
TTU Torau opi ópi   V + N vomit   [RS] [AS] magu opi; opina ‘his vomit’  
TTU Torau opi-n-a opína     vomit up s.th.   [‘zurückkotzen’ RS]    
TTU Torau ora ~ ora-ia ~ ora-dia óra ~ oraia ~ oradia     smell s.th.   (MM says oora has two 'o's but oraia has one 'o')    
TTU Torau ora~ora ora~ora     smell be smelly   (/oraora/ MM said) [‘smell (tr)’ AS] lala ma oraora  
TTU Torau oro oro   V + N pubic and armpit hair (?), have pubic and armpit hair   (strictly wuru is not pubic and armpit hair, but now people use it)    
TTU Torau ose óse   V  paddle   RP says ose new word for 'to paddle'. Actually word for 'a paddle'. "'to paddle' where original Torau people came from in Solomons is galo"   kae ose  
TTU Torau ose óse   N paddle   [‘hose [‘Ruder’ RS] [AS] aguna ose  
TTU Torau osoma-in-a ~ osoma-i-dia osomaina ~ osomaidia     throw (anything) throw away   (OBJ = THEME) [‘throw (stone)’ AS]    
TTU Torau osom-i-a ~ osomo-dia osomia ~ osomodia     throw at something   (OBJ = GOAL)    
TTU Torau ososomo osósomo   N k.o.snake - long thin, brown, jumps, very quick    
TTU Torau ota ota     place   (syn. amata) [‘sago’ M] marií adina ota 'place of birds bilong ol pisin'  
TTU Torau oto oto     be hanging   lápana oto salato 'The lantern is hanging.'  
TTU Torau oto ~ ota oto ~ ota   Vitr, Vtr plant    
TTU Torau oto ~ otoina ~ otoidia oto ~ otóina ~ otoidia     hang s.th.   [‘aufhängen, hängen (trans.)’ RS]    
TTU Torau otona otóna     call s.th.   esanala magu otóna 'I called his name.'  
TTU Torau ou ou     ?   óo [‘cough’ AH] [‘ou RS]    
TTU Torau -ou ou     descend (from garden, from K + Ms house to beach)   (see -uou – check) (-ou and -sae not used for along the coast)    
TTU Torau -ou ou     downward   sobii-ou 'walk down' tu-ou 'sit down'  
TTU Torau oβa oβa     rubbish    
TTU Torau pa pa     2SG.SUBJ.IRR, 2PL.SUBJ.IRR   [‘du… (Futur)’; [‘ihr… (Futur)’ ([‘u’ has macron and accent) RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau pa pa     IRR    
TTU Torau pa pa     father    
TTU Torau pa~pa-dia pá~padia     all fathers    
TTU Torau pa~pa-la pá~pala     fathers   (check stress) [‘meine Väter’ RS]    
TTU Torau paato paato     domestic duck (not k.o. nare)    
TTU Torau paau páau     stone   (ate pauna stone of river (river stone) also head of river)) (minimal pair for lenth with pau) páo[pao M] [paoAH] [RS] [pahuRB] [AS]    
TTU Torau paau páau     wound, injury, sore   (minimal pair for lenth with pau) páo[‘Wunde’ RS]    
TTU Torau pada-ia ~ pada-dia padáia ~ padadia     measure try, test   (mainly ‘try’) [‘messen’ RS]    
TTU Torau padala pádala     slippery cabbage aibika    
TTU Torau padere pádere     roof    
TTU Torau padu pádu     k.o. big mangrove    
TTU Torau padu~padu padu~padu     mangroves   padupaduai [‘mangrove’ AS]    
TTU Torau pae páe     cut nut pao    
TTU Torau pae ~ pe pae ~ pe     3SG.SUBJ.IRR   [‘ihr… (Futur)’ ([‘u’ has macron and accent) RS] [AS] [bai [‘er… (Futur)’ RS]    
TTU Torau paea ~ paedia paea ~ paedia     break branch, break branch down from tree    
TTU Torau paginaua paginaua     rosewood tree   (in R2 photo)    
TTU Torau pago pago   N batch of mash   ida pago 'one batch of mash', erua pago 'two batches of mash'  
TTU Torau pago~a ~ pago-dia pago~a ~ pagodia   Vtr mash   (*pago as V)   pisu lo pagoa, pisu ma pago-a  
TTU Torau pagopago pagopago     mash/pound cassava with pounder in mortar   pisu lama pagopago  
TTU Torau paia ~ paidia paia ~ paidia     wrap cover a sore with a bandaid, cover food with a cloth, etc.   [‘einwickeln’ RS] [‘wrap (a parcel)’ AS]    
TTU Torau painapa pàinápa     pineapple    
TTU Torau Paisi Paisi   PNLOC Paisi (a place in the Shortlands)    
TTU Torau paka páka     my father father, fathers brother, mothers sisters husband   (used for 1SGP only - see pa-la) [M] [Cms]    
TTU Torau pake pake     pumpkin (leaf and fruit eaten)    
TTU Torau pake-a ~ pakedia pakea ~ pàkedía     demolish (a house etc.)    
TTU Torau pakela ~ pakedia pákela ~ pakedia     one side/two sides of coconut    
TTU Torau pako pako     be hot, feel hot (of tea or body)   [‘hard’ M(!)] [AS] ma pako; magu pako ‘I feel hot’  
TTU Torau pakoo pakoo     k.o. wooden club    
TTU Torau pala pala   Vtr fasten    
TTU Torau pa-la pála     father, fathers brother, mothers sisters husband   (used for all person/number categories except 1SGP - see paka) (no pagu - paka [‘paala AH] [pa’ala RS] [paala RB] [AS]    
TTU Torau pala-ia ~pala-dia paláia ~paladia     tie up put in jail fasten   [‘binden’ RS]    
TTU Torau palo palo     you go and...    
TTU Torau palo palo     fasten (Vtr)    
TTU Torau panipa panipa     variant of manipa   (= manipa, some people do say panipa)    
TTU Torau papagi-a ~ papagi-dia papágia ~ papagidia     search for; marry   def. no *pagi
(iala magu papagi, iala magu papagia)
[‘suchen’ RS] [AS] paa~papagi-o=e-la 'He was looking for you.' Jane pae papagi-o 'Jane will marry you.'  
TTU Torau pa-pako pápako     warm, hot (of water)   [‘paapako AH] [‘warm’ RS]    
TTU Torau papala papála     tie many things    
  papala pá~pa-la   ‘fathers’   (check stress) [‘meine Väter’ RS]    
TTU Torau papa-la ~ papaala papála ~ papáala     short   (na papaala, ia papaala, *ma papáala, ma papáa [pa’paala AH] [M] [pa’paala RS] [papáala AS]    
TTU Torau papaoto papaoto   V plant    
TTU Torau papara papára     some   [‘other’ AS]    
TTU Torau paparema papárema     bush   [paparima M] [‘Wald’ RS] [haparemo [‘Wald’ RB]    
TTU Torau paparema geesi paparema geesi     forest big bush   [AS]    
TTU Torau papauka papaúka     twins    
TTU Torau papauka bopodo papauka bopodo     first born    
TTU Torau papauka lagoma podo papauka lagoma podo     second born    
TTU Torau papetema papétema   V baptise   (not double e) (ma papétema) (one instance in notes has final 'e')    
TTU Torau papoari-na papoarina     incapable, incompetent poor   (really ‘incapable, incompetent’, but also ‘poor’) [‘armer’ RS] ma papoari; na papoarina; baina papoarina; inau na papoarina nasialai ‘I’m not good at catching fish’  
TTU Torau paro-la párola     feather   [AH] [‘wing’; [‘feather’ AS]    
TTU Torau parua ~ parudia párua ~ pàrudía     build a building   (ruma ma párua)    
TTU Torau pasa pása     swim   [‘paasa AH] [‘schwimmen’ RS] ma arapa ‘he went across (a river or a road)’; ma pasa arapa ‘swim across’  
TTU Torau pasuaboni pàsuabóni     wind from south, makes sea rough    
TTU Torau pasuaboni pasuaboni     k.o. wind, often comes in late afternoon, comes from northeast   ("boni = night. Don't know what pasua means.") (That's all - just 3 k.o. wind) (Pasuaboni associated with very rough seas and dark clouds, often rains.)    
TTU Torau pataalo patáalo     things, stuff (mass N); something, thing; belongings, possessions (including clothes, laundry, dishes, etc.)    
TTU Torau patalo beau patálo beáu      
TTU Torau patuku patuku     be blunt   ma patuku  
TTU Torau patuku-na ~ patuku-dia pàtukúna ~ patukudia     blunt not sharp   [‘stumpf’ (listed with adjectives so not [‘stump’) RS] na patukuna  
TTU Torau patukuri patukúri     black sea urchin with short spines    
TTU Torau patulu pátulu     club   potúlu [‘spear’ M] [AH]    
TTU Torau pau pau     head   (minimal pair for length with paau)    
TTU Torau pau-na páuna     head, headwater   ate pauna stone of river (river stone) also head of river) [pa’una AH] [pau-u M] [‘Kopf, Quelle’ RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau pautaina ~ pautaidia pautaina ~ pautaidia   Vtr plant    
TTU Torau pauto pauto   Vitr plant   (ui) kae pauto 'I will plant (yams)'  
TTU Torau pautunu-na pàutunúna     knee   [M] [pautun’nuna AH] [pautununuRB] [AS]    
TTU Torau pe pe     3SG.SUBJ.IRR    
TTU Torau pea pea     defecate pekpek   paelo pea 'Go and pekpek.' bebi ma pea 'The baby has defecated.'  
TTU Torau peasa peása     pray ask for s.th.   [‘beten’ RS]    
TTU Torau peas-i-a peásia     ask, request   (OBJ is GOAL, not thing asked) [‘bitten’ RS]    
TTU Torau peeni ~ peenia ~ peenidia peeni ~ peenia ~ peenidia   Vtr paint   (min. pair with peni)    
TTU Torau peko péko     want, like, love   (see keria) [‘wollen, wünschen’ RS] edi ari pekoi ‘they like each other’  
TTU Torau peleita peleita     plate   (can be 4 syllables)    
TTU Torau peni peni     pen   (min. pair with peeni)    
TTU Torau pepeaka pèpeáka     unripe; raw, not fully cooked (e.g. if taken out of a pot and not yet cooked)   [‘grün’, bepeaka [‘grüne (rohe)’ RS] iala ma pepeaka, iala na pepeaka 'The fish is raw.'  
TTU Torau piaropi ~ piaropi pìarópi ~ piáropi     k.o. vegetable pitpit    
TTU Torau pidani pidáni     earth, ground, land   [AH] [pidan [‘earth (soil)’ M] [‘Erde’ RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau piina piina   V shoot   (*pinaa)    
TTU Torau pikala píkala     mothers brothers daughter (male speaking), fathers sisters daughter (male speaking)   (RD PL) [Cms]    
TTU Torau pike golo pike gólo PK golo   k.o. banana, for cooking, tastes like PK chewing gum, short, when you eat its sticky    
TTU Torau pile pile     be thirsty   (atee) magu pile 'I am thirsty (for water).'  
TTU Torau pima pima   Vtr block water, dam    
TTU Torau pima~pima pima~pima   Vitr block water, dam   see pima    
TTU Torau pina pina     thunder   [M]    
TTU Torau pinati pinati     peanut    
TTU Torau pipia pipía     rubbish    
TTU Torau pipia ~ pipidia pipía ~ pìpidía   Vtr block s.th., or s.o.s way    
TTU Torau pirii pìríi     door   pìríi ma tabébe 'the door is open'  
TTU Torau pirite pirite     bird sp. (willie wagtail)   [DH]    
TTU Torau pisini písini     Tok Pisin    
TTU Torau pisu pisu     mashed banana, cassava, taro with coconut cream, wrapped in banana leaves and cooked in fire or on sabani   /piSu/    
TTU Torau pita pita     step on s.th. step    
TTU Torau pita sai pita sái     step up onto s.th.   laoou ‘go from beach into the water’; oseou ‘paddle from sea to beach’  
TTU Torau pita-ia pitaia     step on s.th. stand on s.th.    
TTU Torau pitapitaani-na pítapítaánina     foot (sole only)   (see kakaruku-enele-la) pita-pitani-gu[M] [pita anina (woraufer steht) [‘Fuss’ RB]    
TTU Torau pitsa pitsa     photo   (see poto, nunu)   pitsagu ‘photo of me’  
TTU Torau po~podo-auru po~podoauru     young men (lit. be.born-new)   (see abaisa) [‘young’ M] [‘junger Mann’ RS]    
TTU Torau podo-auru pódoàuru     young man, young boy, 12 yrs up until married, puberty onwards (growing beard)   (not as name suggests newborn) [‘junger Mann’ (pl) RS] [‘young man’ AS]    
TTU Torau pogui pógui   V unclear (of mind) (of s.o. who doesnt understand, or of toddler)   [‘dumm’ RS]    
TTU Torau poka póka   Vitr lie, deceive   (also pókapóka) [‘false’ M] [‘lügen’ RS]    
TTU Torau poka-ia pokáia     lie to s.o.   [‘belügen’ RS]    
TTU Torau pokopokotua-la pokopokotúala     elbow   [M] [AH]    
TTU Torau poloa ~ polodia polóa ~ polodia     cover   [‘bedecken’ RS]    
TTU Torau pologau pologau     ridgecap   ruma kopelala ‘underneath of house’  
TTU Torau polopolo pólopòlo     game where one team covers one of their members heads (at least) and the other team has to guess who it is    
TTU Torau ponde ponde     Thursday    
TTU Torau poodo póodo   Vitr be born, come into existence   [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau poodo poodo   Vappl, ?Vtr have, belong to   inau kokoleu lolosóla ma poodoinau 'I have many chickens.'
inau kokoleu lolosóla poodo 'I have many chickens.'
 
TTU Torau popo pópo     hornbill (Blyths hornbill)   [DH] [porpor M]    
TTU Torau popoa popóa   Vitr make a noise   (not popooa, *poa, no *popodia)    
TTU Torau poporaka pòporáka     roam around bush (for no particular reason)   (*poraka)    
TTU Torau poraka poraka     urueva    
TTU Torau poro poro     KNB017    
TTU Torau poroku poróku     frog    
TTU Torau posa ~ posaia ~ posa-ia posa ~ posáia ~ posadia     break   see taposa [‘zerbrechen’ RS]    
TTU Torau posi matau posi matau     have sense gat save (Pira: posi=chest, matau ‘have knowledge’. See notes in transcript of line 80 of Komakomasa Enelela story.)    
TTU Torau posi-na posina     chest (outside) (of man or woman)   (see lolovi-gu) [‘chest (of man)’ AS]    
TTU Torau poto poto     photo   (see pitsa, nunu)   potogu ‘photo of me’; aguna poto ‘my photo (of s.th. else)’   
TTU Torau pou pou     sea slug (sea cucumber)    
TTU Torau pue ~ puea ~ puedia pue ~ puea ~ puedia   Vtr serve out    
TTU Torau puia ~ puidia púia ~ puidia     blow (anything)   (flute, fire, anything) [‘blasen’ RS] [‘blows - flute’ AS]    
TTU Torau Puini Puini     name of clan k.o. long-necked bird on beach    
TTU Torau puku puku     my grandparent   (see puna) (irregular form; nowadays people say pugu like they say liagu but it should be puku)    
TTU Torau pukuii pùkuií     small bivalve shell (in shell photo)    
TTU Torau pu-na púna     grandparent, husbands parent, grandmothers brother   (includes ‘father’s father, father’s mother, mother’s father, mother’s mother, husband’s father, husband’s mother, father’s mother’s brother, mother’s mother’s brother’) (no pugu – puku)  [Cms] [AS]    
TTU Torau puputu puputu     k.o. large tree grows only on the seashore, has a nut    
TTU Torau purai púrai     long head (k.o. turtle)    
TTU Torau puraka ~ purakia ~ purakadia púraka ~ purákia ~ puràkadía     break s.th. by squeezing it   tomato magu purakia  
TTU Torau purii puríi   Vitr fart   Bioku ma puríi  
TTU Torau puru puru     comb   [‘Kamm’ (1<sup>st</sup> [‘u’ has macron) RS]    
TTU Torau purupuru purupuru     flower (generic)   (now use flaua) (some informants gave purupu – check form) [AS]    
TTU Torau pusaka púsaka     soft   (see pa’apusakia)(ma pusaka, na pusaka) [AS]    
TTU Torau pusaka-la ~ pusakadia pùsakála ~ pùsakadía     very soft   na pusakala, *ma pusakala   pùsakála goreaika  
TTU Torau pusi pusi     cat   puzi[‘Katze’ RB]    
TTU Torau pusisi pusisi     coconut scraper (seat)    
TTU Torau pusu pusu     be rotten, stink (of wood)   (na really seems to be a copula with ADJ) [AS] au ma pusu ‘tree is rotten’; na pusu  
TTU Torau puusaka púusaka     be soft   (golo ma pusaka)    
TTU Torau rae rae     ??   Are sama-sama ma raeelala episa sanaa waini modela aewatina apu. 'This rod must be three and a half meters long.'  
TTU Torau rae ~ rae-a ~ raedia ráe ~ ráea ~ ràedía     take    
TTU Torau rae-la ráela     point, headland, face of person, forehead   (not just *rae when headland or point) [‘forehead’ AH]    
TTU Torau raenimate ràenimáte     take to die    
TTU Torau rai rái     afternoon, evening (1 pm until dark)   (check not rai) [‘raai [‘afternoon’ AH] [rái [‘Abend’ RS] [rái [‘evening’ AS]    
TTU Torau raini raini     belongings    
TTU Torau rakaraka rakaraka     rubbish   (original term; being replaced by pipia, which is pidgin)    
TTU Torau rami rami     grass skirt   (*ramiu, *ramidi etc.; much laughter when tested)   aguna rami  
TTU Torau ramutu rámutu   V uproot, pull any plant up from the ground including the root     [lamutu [‘Wurzel’ RB]    
TTU Torau rapi rápi     arrow   [‘bow (for arrows)’ M] [AS]    
TTU Torau rarabaka ràrabáka     be washed up    
TTU Torau rarama rarama     clear, clean   (synonym for kataka; every kataka eg. can substitute rarama)    
TTU Torau raramara ràramára     light (as opp. dark)    
TTU Torau rarare rárare     daylight, daybreak   (see rare) [‘Tag’ RS]    
TTU Torau raratou-na ráratóuna     clan    
TTU Torau rare rare     daytime, daylight, middle of day (11-12ish)   (see rarare) [‘day, light’ AS] ráre áwa sálato ‘it’s still light (in afternoon)’  
TTU Torau rare rare     ??   TUN24    
TTU Torau rarelai rarelai     "its a must"    
TTU Torau raremai raremai     always, every day    
TTU Torau raro ráro     widow, widower   [‘widow’ M] [‘Witwer, Witwe’ RS]    
TTU Torau rasu rasu     hundred   [AS]    
TTU Torau ratu rátu     totem clan   (see notes) [‘Totem’ RS]    
TTU Torau ratupauna ràtupaúna     clan chief, chosen by clan members, may be gotten rid of    
TTU Torau raurau raurau     grab with hands in talon-like motion (sand or s.th.)    
TTU Torau raurau ráuráu     turtle – hawksbill leather back turtle    
TTU Torau raurautusiduka raúraútúsidúka     a large raptor (eagle?)   raurotsiduka [‘eagle’ M]    
TTU Torau rausu rausu     be finished   ide siamela ‘one cup’ ma rausu ‘it’s finished’ (i.e. ‘run out of in store)  
TTU Torau rea réa     belt   [‘Gürtel’ RS]    
TTU Torau regeesi-a ~ regeesi-dia regeesia ~ regeesidia     tear (anything)   [‘tear (paper)’ AS]    
TTU Torau rerewawana rérewáwana     hammerhead shark    
TTU Torau reri reri     be ready    
TTU Torau resu résu   Vitr tear, break through   (see taregese) [‘zerrissen’ RS]    
TTU Torau resu-a ~ resu-dia résua ~ resudia     tear   [‘hat zerrissen’ RS]    
TTU Torau reβato réβato     a graceful dance, no longer performed   (dito revato) (not N)    
TTU Torau riko riko     generic for small bevalves (excluding clams)    
TTU Torau riko ríko     bivalve (gen.), but not clams when the meat is in (though empty then the shell is riko)    
TTU Torau roae róae     be lost   [roai [‘wild’ RS] aguna torch ma roai ‘my torch is lost’  
TTU Torau roa-la roala     wifes father, wifes mother, wifes sister, wifes sisters husband, daughters husband (male or female speaking), sisters husband (male or female speaking),    (see aine-gu, ala-gu) [Cms]    
TTU Torau roe róe     leaf   roe sounds disyllabic [RS] [roë RB] [AS]    
TTU Torau roe-bario roebario     k.o. grasshopper (looks like green leaf)    
TTU Torau roe-la róela     leaf of   roe sounds disyllabic [‘leaf’ AH] [roila [‘tree leaf’ M] [‘leaf’; [‘palm’ AS]    
TTU Torau roeroe   roeroe       leaves (pl.)    
TTU Torau roe-roe pepeaka róeróe pépeáka     green also k.o. fish   [róe-róe pepéaka AH] [róeróe pepéaka AS]    
TTU Torau roga roga     nest (of bird, ant), web (of spider)   (default – ‘bird’s nest’) (see gaue) [AS] marii ena roga ‘bird’s nest’ kakapiro ena roga 'spider's web'  
TTU Torau roo róo   Vitr fly (of bird, insect, not plane)   [‘fly (of bird)’ [AH] [AS]    
TTU Torau rooroaru rooroaru     brown    
TTU Torau roroani-na roroánina     wing   (syn. of baela) (no *roanina) [AH]    
TTU Torau roroaru ~ roroauru ròroáru ~ roroauru   V flood   (atee ta roroaru)   ena ate ma roroaru; ate ta roroaru ‘the river flooded and is still flood’; ate ma roroaru ‘it’s flooding now’  
TTU Torau rorogoro rorógoro     feel cold (of body only)   (no *rogoro) [ro’rongoro RS] [AS] magu rorógoro ‘I feel cold.’  
TTU Torau rorosa rorósa     walk about in the small bush nearby, e.g. to find coconut)    
TTU Torau roroβana roroβana   PNLOC a Torau-speaking village   (site of data collection by M and AH) [AH] [RoruanaM]    
TTU Torau roroβana roroβana   PNLOC Rorovana village, including amata geesi (Rorovana 1) and sivilnai (Rorovana 2) (largest speaking Torau village)    
TTU Torau roβoroβo roβoroβo     flying fish    
TTU Torau rua-la ruála     neck   rúagu [M] [AH] [‘Hals’ RS] [rualla ‘Hals’ RB] [rua-u AS] ruagu ma asora 'My neck is painful.'  
TTU Torau ruara rùára     long, brown snake with diamond shaped head    
TTU Torau ruata-la ruatala     vein   [AS]    
TTU Torau rukat-i-a ~ rukata-dia rukatia ~ rukatadia     take off (clothes, knapsack, anything on body)   [‘lösen’ RS]    
TTU Torau ruma rúma     house   [M] [AH] [RS] [numah RB] [AS]    
TTU Torau ruma-ni lotu rumani lotu   N church    
  rupe   ‘leave (Vtr)’    
TTU Torau rupe-a ~ rupe-dia rupea ~ rupedia     leave s.th.   magu muna ‘I hid s.th.’; magu munidia ‘I hid pl.s.th.’  
TTU Torau rurusa rúrusa     fall (of multiple small things off or out of s.th. one by one, leaves off tree, sand brushed off clothes, salt from shaker, sugar from jar, hair falling off head when cut, etc.)    
TTU Torau ruti ruti     be selfish/greedy   (ma ruti, na ruti)    
TTU Torau rutiina rutíina   V be very selfish or greedy about s.th.   (3SGAPPL)   mane ma rutíina 'greedy about money'  
TTU Torau rutina rutína   ADJ very selfish or greedy   (3SGP) (*ma rútina, na rutina, ia rutidia, ruígu, rutimu etc. [‘verbieten’ RS] tioni ma ruti; tioni na rutina; *ma rutiruti; na rutiruti
rutína gore aikala 'always greedy'
 
TTU Torau -sa sa     SUBJ.AUX (base for POSTV SBJ)    
TTU Torau -sa sa     ?LMT    
TTU Torau saa saa     what?   (see sai) [AH] [na sa AS]    
TTU Torau saapa ~ saapadia sáapa ~ sàapadía   Vtr cut a living creature (person, animal etc)      
TTU Torau saara ~ saaraia ~ saradia sáara ~ sàaráia ~ saradía   Vtr resemble    
TTU Torau saarapina ketapia saarapina ketapia   Exclam. a meaningless formula for ending legends    
TTU Torau sabani sabáni     round flat sheet of metal over fire for cooking pisu on    
TTU Torau sa-da sáda   POSSPRO ours (inc)   occurs as possessive predicate or argument   Ita nida sada abani dapato ana. 'Here we usually eat our own.'  
TTU Torau sa-di sádi   POSSPRO their   occurs as possessive predicate or argument [‘das Ihrige’ RS]    
TTU Torau sae sae     ascend, go up, get on (a boat, also car?) (means go up tree, stairs, from village to garden, from beach to K&Ms house, from sea to beach, from reef to open sea, if you are paddling and dont really know where to, etc)   (not sai) (-ou and sae not used for along the coast)   laosae ‘go from sea to beach’; osesae ‘paddle from reef to big sea, also if you are paddling and you don’t really know where’  
TTU Torau saea saea     arrive   (see saia - check form)    
TTU Torau sagasaga ságasága     light (as opp. heavy)   [M] [AH] [‘leicht’ RS] ma sagásaga; na sagasaga; *na sagasagana  
TTU Torau sagi sagi   Vtr pull, also strum guitar, shake hands with someone    
TTU Torau sago sago   Vtr whip lower body (e.g. with stick or hand)    
TTU Torau sago ~ sagoina ~ sagoidia sago ~ sagoina ~ sagoidia     top can to get food out, coconut to free meat etc.    
TTU Torau sa-gu ságu   POSSPRO mine   occurs as possessive predicate or argument [‘das Meinige’ RS]    
TTU Torau sa-gu sagu     1SG.SBJ   [in Präsens p984 RS]    
TTU Torau sai sai     what   (see saa) [‘was?’ RS]    
TTU Torau saia sáia     arrive (at)   (see saea - check form) [‘ankommen, erreichen’ RS]    
TTU Torau saiae saiae     why?   saiai[‘warum?’ RS] saiai tadi lauma 'Why did they come?'  
TTU Torau sakaa sakáa     be bad   (occurs with indefinite N) (*na saka, maka saka) [‘schlecht’ RS] ma asiri sakaiau 'He offended me/insulted me.'   
TTU Torau sakaa-la sakáala     bad   (occurs with definite N) [sa’kaa-la [‘schlecht’ RS]    
TTU Torau sakaani-na sakáanina     something bad   (na sakaanina) ("a bad one" MM) ['bad' sa’kaani-na AH] ['bad' sakáanina AS]    
TTU Torau sakanina-la sakaninala     bad   [AS]    
TTU Torau sakesake sakesake   ADV quickly   Def. not V. Def. no *sake as V or ADV or anything else.   magu lao sakesake ‘I went quickly’, but *magu sakesake  
TTU Torau sala sala     black sea urchin with long spines    
TTU Torau sala sala         [tu’isala ‘sein’ RS]    
TTU Torau sala sala     sea urchin, long spined   (eaten, cooked by putting in the fire until black and inside cooked)    
TTU Torau sa-la sala     3SG.SBJ   [in Präsens p984 RS] [tuisalato [‘(he) lives (in this village)’ AS]    
TTU Torau sa-la sála   POSSPRO his, hers, its   occurs as possessive predicate or argument [‘das Seinige’ RS]    
TTU Torau salemu(ina) ~ salemuidia salemu(ina) ~ salemuidia   Vtr send   idai leta magu salemuina 'I sent one letter.'  
TTU Torau sama sama   V fish tuna    
TTU Torau sa-mani samani     1PL.SBJ   [in Präsens p984 RS]    
TTU Torau sa-mani sámani   POSSPRO ours (exc)   occurs as possessive predicate only [‘das Unsrige’ RS]    
TTU Torau samasama samasama     k.o. bamboo    
TTU Torau samoa samóa     k.o. banana, for eating, originated in Samoa.    
TTU Torau samoai sámoai     Barracuda, big fish in fish photo malisa    
TTU Torau sa-mu sámu   POSSPRO yours (pl)   occurs as possessive predicate only [‘das Eurige’ RS] ena ruma nimu samu ‘this house is yours’  
TTU Torau sanaa sanaa   N span (roughly a metre, a measure of length measured with the arm span)   (idai sanaa)    
TTU Torau sanaia ~ sanadia sanáia ~ sanadia   Vtr measure s.th.   inau wakaasi magu sanaia 'measure multiple paces, or to the right measurement'  
TTU Torau sanasana sànasána   V measure, esp. if building s.th. (canoe, house, etc.)   inau wakaasi magu sanasanaia 'measure multiple paces, or to the right measurement'  
TTU Torau sande sande     Sunday    
TTU Torau sanere sanere     Saturday   (see satude)    
TTU Torau sans sans     chance    
TTU Torau sao ~ saoa ~ saodia sao ~ sáoa ~ sàodía   Vitr,Vtr gather, gather s.th, gather things together (in largish quantity) bung    
TTU Torau sapa sapa   V ??    
TTU Torau sape sape     floor    
TTU Torau sapu sapu   Vtr chase    
TTU Torau saramani sàramáni   N mat   [AS]    
TTU Torau saramani sàramáni   N pandanus   [AS]    
TTU Torau sasaga ~ sasaga-la sasaga ~ saságala     be dry (of clothing, dishes, etc)   [AH] [AS]    
TTU Torau sasago sasago     tap seashell etc. to get meat out    
TTU Torau sa-sago sasago     hit many things or many times   (not *saa~)    
TTU Torau sasaini-na sasainina   N relatives    
TTU Torau sasau sasau     wash (clothes, plates, sore, hand, head, etc. - but not people)   (see kikiu) (*sau) [‘wash (a child)’ AS]    
TTU Torau sasau-a ~ sasau-dia sasáua ~ sasaudia     wash it   (see kikiu) [sasáoa RS] domala ta sua patálo magu sasau ‘Today it rained so I wash’ (wash clothes, plates, etc., not self)  
TTU Torau sasauru sasauru     speak out kirap nau (*sauru)    
TTU Torau satude satude     Saturday   (see sanere)    
TTU Torau sa-u sau     2SG.SBJ   [in Präsens p984 RS]    
TTU Torau sa-u sáu     yours (sg)   occurs as possessive predicate or argument [‘das Deinige’ RS]    
TTU Torau saubele sáubele     name of clan    (no meaning ?k.o.bird – check) (Cyril thinks has no meaning, except that sau = 'you')    
TTU Torau saunu sáunu     ten   [M] [AH] [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau saunu-episa saunuepisa     thirteen   [M] [saunu vaini episa = [‘ten and three’ RS]    
TTU Torau saunu-erua saunuerua     twelve   [M] [saunu vaini erua = [‘ten and two’ RS]    
TTU Torau saunu-eβati saunueβati     fourteen   [M]    
TTU Torau saunu-idai saunuidai     eleven   [M] [saunu vaini idai = [‘ten and one’ RS]    
TTU Torau saunu-itu saunuitu     seventeen   [M]    
TTU Torau saunu-nanu saununanu     eighteen   [meant to be saunuanu?] [M]    
TTU Torau saunu-nima saununima     fifteen   [M]    
TTU Torau saunu-olomo saunuolomo     sixteen   [M]    
TTU Torau saunu-sia saunusia     nineteen   [M]    
TTU Torau saβaka saβaka     k.o. wooden club    
TTU Torau saβiako sáβiàko     cassava   (variant of savioko)    
TTU Torau saβioko  saβioko      cassava   (some people say saviako) [saviako [‘Manihot’ RS] [‘tapioca’ AS]    
TTU Torau sea séa     who (sg)?   (see saialo) [AH] [‘wer?’ (sg) RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau seadi seadi     who (pl)?   saialo[‘wer?’ (pl) RS]    
TTU Torau sebele sébele     s.th. inside, womans private parts   [‘Keule’ RS]    
TTU Torau sek sek   Vtr check    
TTU Torau sele sele     sail   [AS]    
TTU Torau sese sese     exactly (suffix to any number)   (in eruasese 'tupela stret' in Tapi samasama story) (no sese in isolation)    
TTU Torau sia sía     nine   [M] [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau sia sía     small bird (stays near beach)    
TTU Torau siaka siáka     taro   [AH] [siak M] [‘si’aka RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau siaka mit taro siaka mit taro     taro with red and white flesh (”meat taro” )    
TTU Torau siamela ~ siamela sìaméla ~ siámela     thing one something   siámeàla[‘Ding’ RS]    
TTU Torau siapani siapani   PNLOC Japan    
TTU Torau sibi sibi     charcoal    
TTU Torau sibi~sibi síbi~síbi     black   (see pa’asibasibia) (no other meaning) [M] [AH] [si’besi’bi RS] [AS] ['cloud' M]    
TTU Torau sida sída     scallop    
TTU Torau sidekani-na sidekanina   N pointed leg   [Pira]    
TTU Torau sideke sideke   V stand on tiptoe   (ma sideke) [Pira]    
TTU Torau sigara sígara     commit adultery    
TTU Torau sigau sigau     wild (of dogs only)    
TTU Torau sigeesige sigeesige     crayfish   [sigasiga [‘lobster’ M] [AS]    
TTU Torau sigineu sigineu     myna bird sp. (yellow-faced myna)   (generic for mynas?) [DH]    
TTU Torau sii síi     hot, as chilli in the mouth; sting, as in bee or solomon ant      
TTU Torau siko  siko    Vitr be dirty   Bioku tua-la ma siko 'Bioku's hand is dirty.' *Bioku tuala na siko. *Bioku tuala siko.  
TTU Torau siko~siko siko~siko   N or ADJ? dirty   [‘old, worn out (of basket)’; [‘dirty’ AS] Bioku tua-la na siko~siko 'Bioku's hand is dirty.' *Bioku tuala ma siko~siko. *Bioku tuala siko~siko.  
TTU Torau siko-podoi sikopodoi   N or ADJ? have dirt on it   Bioku tua-la na siko-podoi. 'Bioku's hand has dirt on it.' *Bioku tuala ma siko-podoi.  
TTU Torau sikuna sikuna     ship    
TTU Torau sikusiku- sikusiku     no independent meaning - only in sikusikupau place of many stones    
TTU Torau sikutu sikutu     starling sp. (brown-winged starling)   (identified by DH plate 217)    
TTU Torau sinagi sínagi     trochus shell lalai   [‘pearlshell’ AS]    
TTU Torau sinaβa sináβa     lightning   [M] [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau sinaβa-guru sinaβaguru     lightning and thunder together    
TTU Torau sino sino     k.o. palm (used to split trunk out and make floors) (relative of betel palm)   [‘wooden club’ M]    
TTU Torau sio-a ~ sio-dia síóa ~ siodia     steal   [‘stehlen’ RS]    
TTU Torau siopa siópa     bowels?, intestines   [‘Eingeweide’ RS]    
TTU Torau siorena siorena   PNLOC Siorena    
TTU Torau sipereto sipereto     bird sp. (brown fantail)   (identified by DH plate 183)    
TTU Torau sipo ~ sipo-a ~ sipo-dia sipo ~ sipóa ~ sipodia     pick up, pick, collect   [‘finden’ RS]    
TTU Torau sipo-sae-a siposaea     picks up (anything)   [‘picks up (fallen coconuts)’ AS]    
TTU Torau siri síri     marlin, sailfish    
TTU Torau siri siri     walkabout   *sisiri   ma siri 'Hem i wokabaut tasol.' KNB025 OL242 SUG021  
TTU Torau siri siri     travel by canoe, car, plane, ship, not by foot etc.    
TTU Torau siria síria     mudcrab    
TTU Torau siri-a siria     accompany, come next to   (ma siriau)   Joe inau ma siriau 'Joe came second to me (in a race).'
Joe isina Michael inau disiriau 'Joe and Michael accompanied me (walking, in business, etc.'
 
TTU Torau sirika sirika     either water from kaburu (green drinking coconut) or old word for kaburu (TP kulau) itself   [Pira] iala magu unui ‘I smoked the fish’  
TTU Torau sirikia sìrikía   N + V high tide   ma sìrikía ‘It’s high tide.’ sìrikía ma gési ‘The high tide is big. (ie. the tide is very high)’ [AS]    
TTU Torau sirisiri  sirisiri      traditional ceremony, as per menarche or anything else    
TTU Torau sirisirika sirisirika     red   [AS]    
TTU Torau siroake siroake     betel limepot   siroak[M]    
TTU Torau siroru siroru     starling sp. (singing starling)   (identified by DH plates 213-214)    
TTU Torau sirua sírua     stick or s.th. for picking teeth or cleaning ear    
TTU Torau sisidoki sìsidóki     squat    
TTU Torau sisimu sisimu     sandfly   [M]    
TTU Torau sisiokokoleu sisiokokoleu     bird sp. (imitator goshawk)   [DH]    
TTU Torau sisiri sisiri   ADV all the way to   ma sobii sisiri Ketapia/Loloho malo lao 'He walked all the way to Ketapia/Loloho.'  
TTU Torau sisiβala sìsiβala   N prayer to ancestors or gods   (see ariautupi)    
TTU Torau siukare síukàre     sore on finger or toenail   (*kare)    
TTU Torau siu-na síuna     fingernail, toenail (only human)   [‘fingernail, toenail’ M] [‘claw’ AH] [‘fingernail’ AS]    
TTU Torau siβala ~ sisiaβala siβala ~ sisiaβala     sacrifice, offering   [‘Opfer’ RS]    
TTU Torau siβana ~ siβaladia siβana ~ siβaladia   Vtr pray to ancestor or god also sacrifice to, make sacrifice to ancestors   (*siva)    
TTU Torau siβilnai siβìlnái     Torau name for Rorovana 2 (no other meaning)    
TTU Torau siβu siβu     abandoned village site    
TTU Torau soarani ketapia soarani ketapia   Exclam. a meaningless formula for ending legends, legends should only be told at night, not during the day, but if they are told during the day you must say this formula at the end or you will get lost in the bush    
TTU Torau soare soare     infertile (usually only of woman)   (ta soare; na soare; *ma soare)    
TTU Torau sobii sobii     walk   [M] magu sobii atikiai ‘I walked slowly’; sobii sai ‘walk up (hill, or from village to house of K+ M)’; kae sobii sai rumai ‘I’m going to go up to the house’  
TTU Torau sobii-ou sobiiou     go down    
TTU Torau sodi sodi   N every time    
TTU Torau sodi ~ sodi-a ~ sodi-dia sodi ~ sodía ~ sodidia   V count   [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau sola sola     be pregnant (euphemism in front of small children)    
TTU Torau sola sola     take    
TTU Torau sola-ia(-ma) ~ sola-dia soláia(ma) ~ soladia     bring, get   [soleiem M] [‘bringen’ RS] soladiama 'bring them all' soladiala  
TTU Torau sola-pa-i ~ sola-pa-dia solapai ~ solapadia     take away   [‘take’ M]    
TTU Torau solo solo     salt   [AS] lao biskit palo kaisia waini solo waini suka ‘go get biskit plus salt plus sugar’  
TTU Torau solomon solomon   PNLOC Solomons    
TTU Torau solu~solu solu~solu     skinim (see solua, goia)   odelo ma solua ‘masturbate’  
TTU Torau solua solua     masturbate skinim (see goia, solusolu) (no female equivalent for masturbate according to Joe – maybe women know some word)   odeu goia ‘skinim kok bilong you’  
TTU Torau soma soma     intensifier   boni atoro soma ‘good night’ ‘Gud naet tru’; di ódoro soma ‘They (those things) are very true’  
TTU Torau soma soma   Vitr be finished       ta-di soma 'It is finished.' WWII061  
TTU Torau someala sòmeála     k.o. fish, porcupine fish    
TTU Torau sonera sónera     k.o. edible shell, like kodóbi but smaller   (variant of soŋera)    
TTU Torau soŋera sóŋera     k.o. edible shell, like kodóbi but smaller   (variant of sonera)    
TTU Torau sopasopa sòpasópa     pandanus, not used as umbrella (but you wear it, as Mauku is in photo)    
TTU Torau sope ~ sopea ~ sopedia sope ~ sopea ~ sopedia   Vtr uncover (pot, food with cover, open book    
TTU Torau sopiti-na sopítina     birds tail but usually coccyx of person   (see kune-la) [AH]’    
TTU Torau soree sorée     dance with panpipes   sóre [‘dance’ AH]    
TTU Torau soro soro   N ??   WWII001    
TTU Torau soso soso     middle    
  soso   pick your way through between narrow areas, branches or fronds of treepalm, buildings, parts of river or swamp'    
TTU Torau sosoboni sósobòni     big night   (also boni geesi) sósobòngi[‘Mitternacht’ RS]    
TTU Torau sosola sosola   N inside    
TTU Torau sosopeni sosopeni     saucepan    
TTU Torau sou sou     egret sp. (reef egret)   (generic for egrets?) [DH]    
TTU Torau stati stati   V start    
TTU Torau su su     dive   [AS]    
TTU Torau sua súa   N + V rain   (see apoh/opoh) ma súa ‘It’s raining.’ sù-suá-sa-la ‘It’s raining.’ súa ma kákalo ‘The rain is strong.’ [M] [AH] [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau sudaka sudaka     soil   [‘mud’ M]    
TTU Torau sugi súgi     green lizard in tree (big) (green monster)    
TTU Torau sui súi     rainbow runner    
TTU Torau su-ia ~ sudia súia ~ sudia     submerge, sink   [‘eintauchen’, [‘habe untergetaucht’ RS]    
TTU Torau suka suka     sugar   lao biskit palo kaisia waini solo waini suka ‘go get biskit plus salt plus sugar’  
TTU Torau suke suke     bird sp. (purple swamphen)   [DH]    
TTU Torau suma-la sumála     bone   (also na suma ‘he is tough’) [M] [AH] [RS] [‘skull’; [‘bone’ AS]    
TTU Torau sunala sunala   N some   (*suna)    
TTU Torau suru ~ suruia ~ suruidia suru ~ suruia ~ suruidia     have on lap   (irregular paradigm - details in grammar)   magu suruio 'have you on my lap'  
TTU Torau susu susu     breast   [M] [AS]    
TTU Torau susu-na susúna     breast   [AH] [‘weibliche Brust’ RS] [‘Brust (weibl.)’ RB]    
TTU Torau suu súu     be submerged   (not sink) (see utupu) [‘bin untergetaucht, untergesunken’ RS] ma suu 'He dived down.'  
TTU Torau suuru suuru     soup, water collection in canoe or boat    
TTU Torau ta ta     PRF.3SGS    
TTU Torau ta ta     PRF   (“Ta is past tense, like yesterday” Mauku); (ta soare)    
TTU Torau taa ~ taaia ~ taadia taa ~ táaia ~ tàadía   Vitr, Vtr lean, lean on s.th.   (magu taa 'I'm leaning')   siaai magu taa 'I'm leaning on the chair.'; sia magu taaia 'I'm leaning on the chair.'  
TTU Torau taaba taaba     come to shore   ma taaba  
TTU Torau tabe-a ~ tabe-dia tabéa ~ tabedia   Vtr answer, say yes, answer with anything except no, respond in conversation   (if they ask your name and you tell them that is tabe) [‘antworten’ RS] mu ka taatabe 'You didn't say yes'; 'You didn't answer (say anything)'  
TTU Torau tabebe tabébe     be open   pìríi ma tabébe 'the door is open'  
TTU Torau tabi tabi   N child (not baby)   (Pira also says taabi) (see barala) [M] [AS] idai taabi ‘one child’  
TTU Torau tabi-ala tabíala   N boy (lit. child-man)   [AH] [tabialla [‘son’ M]    
TTU Torau tabi-baina tabibaina   N girl (lit. child-woman)   [AH] [‘daughter’ M]    
TTU Torau tabi-kiki tabikíki   N baby (lit. child-small)   [AH]    
TTU Torau tabilu tabílu   N cone-shaped mortar for mashing banana, taro, cassava, for making pisu etc   (check range) [‘Mörser’ RS]    
TTU Torau tabiru tabiru   Vitr turn around   [‘turn (himself around)’ AS]    
TTU Torau tabu tabu     tabu tambu   [‘heilig, verboten’ RS]    
TTU Torau tada tada   V look up   (see tatada) (from field notebook, but elsewhere in fieldnotes *tada) [Pira]    
TTU Torau tae ~ taea ~ taedia tae ~ taea ~ taedia     gesture or signal (with flag etc.) to attract attention   PMV magu taea arema akala. 'I flagged down a PMV and it stopped.'  
TTU Torau taelai taelai     there   (synchronically ita-elai?)   bebi taelai ma tuusae 'Baby is sitting on his pekpek.'  
TTU Torau taemu taemu     time    
TTU Torau tagaa tagáa   N k.o. banana, for cooking, long and fat    
TTU Torau tagara tagara   V float, drift   wakasi ma tagara ‘canoe is drifting’; wakasi di tatagara ‘many canoes are drifting’  
TTU Torau tage tage   N k.o. fish “big mouth”    
TTU Torau tagetageasita tagetageasita   N remora (or some such)    
TTU Torau tagitagi tágitági   N k.o. clam in rock    
TTU Torau taitairi taitáiri   N womans net bag   [AH]    
TTU Torau taiti taiti     help    
TTU Torau taitia ~ taitidia taitia ~ taitidia     help s.o.   taitai[M]    
TTU Torau ta-kaku takaku   Vitr break (inchoative)   See kaku. Not clear whether ta- synchronically productive, so may be synchroincally monomorphemic. OL290    
TTU Torau takarau tákaráu   Vitr be rusty   daramu ta takarau 'the drum is rusty'  
TTU Torau talaa táláa     oil   tála[‘Öl’ RS] [talla [‘Öl’ RB]    
TTU Torau talai-la ~ talai-dia talaila ~ talaidia   N euphemism for male genitals  
TTU Torau talakia ~ talakadia tálakìa ~ talakadia   Vtr boil in a very large pot (boil a pot, not the food)   DO is cooking vessel, not food. Stress def. right.    
TTU Torau talapala tálapàla   N easy thing   def. initial primary stress    
TTU Torau tale tale   Vitr lean   ena metee na tale, ena metee ma tale  
TTU Torau tamadi támadi     provisions for journey, outing   [‘Proviant’ RS]    
TTU Torau tamato tamato     tomato    
TTU Torau tameau tameau     k.o. fish, red emperor    
TTU Torau tana-la tánala     ear   [tanada AH] [M] [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau tanama tanama     outrigger boom   [AS]    
TTU Torau tanatapi tanatapi     disobedient be strong willed bighed    
TTU Torau tanatia ~ tanatadia tanátia ~ tanatadia     look for   [‘sorgen’ RS]    
TTU Torau tane-la tánela     owner   [‘taanela [‘Eigentümer’ (sg) taanedia [‘Eigentümer’ (pl) RS]    
TTU Torau tani- tani   N pair    
TTU Torau tani-apo-la taniapola     two friends    
TTU Torau tani-atu-na taniatuna     family    
TTU Torau tani-na-rua taninarua     pair of two   [AH] [ni-mu a-mu tani-na-rua [‘you two’; ni-da ada taninarua [‘we two (exclusive)’ io a-di tani-na-rua [‘they two, them two’ AS]    
TTU Torau tani-nia-la taniniala     mother and daughter or son    
TTU Torau tani-pa-la tanipala     father and son or daughter   [‘family’ Cms]    
TTU Torau taniri taníri     mackerel    
TTU Torau tanisi ~ tanisi tanísi ~ tánisi     cry   [tatanisi AS] [‘weinen’ RS]    
TTU Torau tanisi-a ~ tanisidia tanísia ~ tanisidia     cry about s.th./s.o.   [‘beweinen’ RS]    
TTU Torau tanooa ~ tanoodia tanooa ~ tanoodia   Vtr sell   (no way of making THM D.O., only RECIP as I.O.) - not clear if this note refers to tanooa or tatanoo)    
TTU Torau tanootanoo tanootanoo   Vitr sell   (*tanootanooa/dia)    
TTU Torau tanotanooala tánotàno.oála   N store, market   lit. 'hap bilong baim samting'    
TTU Torau taolo taolo   ADV also, again, still  (general ADV)    
TTU Torau taona taona     again   (*magu/mu taona) (not V) (must follow V - alotaona etc.) [alotaona AS]    
TTU Torau tapa tapa     bark clothing (the snake tápa has a similar design)    
TTU Torau tapa tápa     short brown snake (fat, has similar design to tapa bark clothing)    
TTU Torau tapeara tápeára   V break apart, as when a coconut breaks in half   see taposa    
TTU Torau tapi ~ tapia ~ tapidia tapi ~ tapia ~ tapidia   V cut    
TTU Torau tapo tápo     get into game, group, etc., chicken joining group   (see atapo) (must have animate SBJ)   Tibola goreai ma tapo 'Tibola went into the game'  
TTU Torau tapodia tápodía     combined with   (*ma tapodia - definitely not verb here)   golo tápodía siaka lagoo pisu kae aloa 'Banana combined with taro and I make pisu.'  
TTU Torau tapogara tapogara   Vitr break (of bamboo only)   (“special word for way bamboo breaks” Mauku)    
TTU Torau ta-posa táposa   Vitr crack, break without coming apart   see tapeara.     
TTU Torau tara tara   N sake    
TTU Torau tara tara     ?all    
TTU Torau tara tára     war, battle   [‘Krieg’ RS]    
TTU Torau tara-dia taradia     fight them    
TTU Torau tarara tarara   PNLOC Tarara (Torau speaking village)   [a village identified by M as Torau speaking]    
TTU Torau taratara taratara     be numerous (of people)   tadi taratara 'They have/are many people (e.g., in family)'  
TTU Torau ta-regese taregese     be torn   (see resu-a)    
TTU Torau tari tári     k.o. banana (in red parrot photo)    
TTU Torau tata tata     brother    
TTU Torau tatabana ~ tatabana tatábana ~ tátabána     flat and wide (eg.of path or river, not wide of eg. person)   [‘wide (of path)’ AS]    
TTU Torau tatada tatáda   Vitr, N dream   (see tada) [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau tatada-ia ~ tatada-dia tatadaia ~ tatadadia   Vtr dream about s.th.    
TTU Torau tatae tatáe   N shit, excrement   (*tae, but taela, *tataela) [‘Kot’ RS]    
TTU Torau tatagara tátagàra   Vitr drift    
TTU Torau tatalaia ~ tatalai-dia tatalaia ~ tatalaidia   Vtr face s.th. or s.o.   *talai    
TTU Torau tatamu tatámu     feed (vitr) (of animal and also...)   [‘speisen (intr.)’ RS]    
TTU Torau tatanoo tatanoo   Vitr sell   (no way of making THM D.O., only RECIP as I.O.) - not clear if this note refers to tanooa or tatanoo)   bia ma tatanoo  
TTU Torau tatau tatáu     follow   (magu tatau-a
magu tatau-dia
*tatau TR only)
   
TTU Torau tataua ~ tataudia tatáua ~ tataudia     follow s.o.   [‘folgen’ RS]    
TTU Torau tatauola tatauola     I'll follow you later    
TTU Torau tato- tato      
TTU Torau tau táu     k.o. stones (used in ground oven)    
TTU Torau tauna táuna     road, path   [AH] [RS] [AS] tauna ma tavidoko  
TTU Torau taurasa taurasa   Vitr shatter, “smash like glass” a wave breaking   (must result in many pieces spreading out) [Pira]    
TTU Torau tausau táusau     be careful   (ma táusau)    
TTU Torau tautauala taùtaúala     stone oven place bilong mekim mumu   [tautauuola M]    
TTU Torau tautauu tàutáuu   V + N cook in ground oven; ground oven mumu (/tau.tau.u/)    
TTU Torau tauu táuu     máti ma táu ‘The low tide is dry reef. (ie. the tide is very low)’    
TTU Torau taβala taβala   ADV without purpose   (not a V – no *di tavala etc.)   di tuu tavala 'oli stop waiting'  
TTU Torau taβidoko táβidoko     slippery   [‘glatt’ RS] ma tavidoko; tauna ma tavidoko  
TTU Torau te- te     PRF    
TTU Torau teaβi teáβi     wilderness big forest uncut forest   [teávui [‘Wildnis’ RS]    
TTU Torau tebolo tébolo     table   oro gito ‘has pubic hair’  
TTU Torau tede~tede téde~tède     slave   [‘Zögling’ RS]    
TTU Torau tede-a tedéa     feed, support, keep   [‘füttern, ernähren, erziehen’ RS]    
TTU Torau tegese tégese     stand, start to leave   [AH] [‘tengese [‘aufstehen’ RS]    
TTU Torau tegesei tegeséi     stand     [tegesei AH]    
TTU Torau teleaipau teleaipau     stone axe    
TTU Torau tepa tepa     shape or carve canoe, paddle, anything    
TTU Torau tepaa tepaa     sago palm   [AS]    
TTU Torau tepunu tépúnu     coconut husk   [‘Kokonusshülse’ RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau tere tere   Vdtr give    
TTU Torau tere~tere tére~tere     generous   [‘freigebig’ RS]    
TTU Torau tere-a térea     give   [‘tereia M] [tere-au [‘give me’ AH] [‘geben’ RS]    
TTU Torau teretereatae teretereatae   N teacher   lit. 'man bilong givim save'    
TTU Torau tete téte     steps, stairs, ladder   [AS]    
TTU Torau tetepa tetépa   V carve canoe   Not RD: *tepa    
TTU Torau teβeri teβeri     credit       teveri kalo atoa, teveri kalo atodia 'I will go and repay'  
TTU Torau tia-la tiála     belly, inside   [M] [AH] [RS] [RB] [AS]    
TTU Torau tiarama tiárama     lagoon (going inside the land behind coast), channel into large body of sea water maybe kilometers from coast, with sea fish etc.    
TTU Torau tia-saka tiasaka   Vitr feel bad (lit. inside-be.bad)   TH038  
TTU Torau tibikosi tibikosi     room (in house)   [AS]    
TTU Torau tibo- tibo     self (reflexive base) wanpis      
TTU Torau tibo-la tibóla     himself     [ti’bola ma ari tuga [‘er liebt sich selbst’ RS] tibola ma arialoni  
TTU Torau tiŋtiŋ tiŋtiŋ   N thought    
TTU Torau tio- tio     person   bound root occurring in compounds   tio papoarina ‘incompetent man’;   
TTU Torau tio-a-ma~mate tioama~mate     sorcerer also poison, etc.   (see tioni na a-ma-mate)      
TTU Torau tio-gesi tíogési     big man, chief   (short for tíonìgési ‘elders, clan leaders, chiefs, etc.’)    
TTU Torau tioni tióni     person   (often for ‘man’ instead of ala, but, if unsure of sex then tioni – really is ‘person’) (PL=anua) [AH] [‘Mensch’, [‘Mann’ RS] [tion [‘Mensch’, tione [‘Mann’ RB] idai tioni ‘one person’  
TTU Torau tioni gesi tíonì gési     elders, clan leaders, chiefs, etc.   ine bario adina tiogeesi ‘You are a big man/chief of Bario clan’  
TTU Torau tioni na a-ma~mate tioni na ama~mate     sorcerer also poisoner, etc.   [tsiuninamamate M]    
TTU Torau tio-sikuna tiosikuna     foreigner, or s.o. who goes outside to work (even if only Raboul) or whiteman    
TTU Torau tiritiria tiritiria     seabird sp. (common tern)   (generic for terns?) [DH]    
TTU Torau tiro tiro     look at   aritiro ‘look at self (in mirror, shadow, etc.)’; mato aritiro ela ‘he was looking at himself’; ine lo ari tiro galasai ‘go and look at yourself in the mirror’   
TTU Torau tiro~tiro tiro~tiro     look      
TTU Torau tita tita   N + Vtr caulk also paste (made from a nut), name of nut and tree   (same as dit? In Kokota)    
TTU Torau to to     now? present tense?   enclitic [AH] [in Präsens p984 RS] [tuisalato [‘(he) lives (in this village)’ AS]    
TTU Torau -to to     past tense   magu ua kae mausu atoro... ‘I wanted to sleep...’ (but after must state ‘because’, ‘but’...)  
TTU Torau toa toa     be alive, grow (of plant)   ma toa ‘It’s alive.’ [‘grow (of plant)’ AS] ma tóa ‘it’s alive'  
TTU Torau toa toa     bird sp. (marbled frogmouth)   [DH]    
TTU Torau toala toala     living (not dead), growing, be alive, grow, be grown    (see na toala) (na toala 'it's alive' - it's NOM, *ma toala, ma toa 'it's alive/growing', *na toadia etc.) [na toala AS] na toala  
TTU Torau tobea ~ tobedia tobea ~ tobedia     dig s.th.    
TTU Torau toburu toburu   Vitr grow   matoburu [‘tree seed’ M]    
TTU Torau tode-a ~ tode-dia todéa ~ tòdedía     force or encourage s.o. to do s.th.    
TTU Torau todo-a ~ todo-dia todoa ~ tododia     burn   toroa[M]    
TTU Torau toiasa tóiasa     midday late morning   (a sub part of moderare) [‘Mittag’ RS]    
TTU Torau toio toio     there   (“not itoio but similar meaning” Pira)    
TTU Torau toke ~ toke-a ~ toke-dia toke ~ tokéa ~ tokedia     argue   [‘ausschelten’ RS]    
TTU Torau toki-a ~ toki-dia tokia ~ tokidia     peck (eat like a chicken)    
TTU Torau tola tóla     white ants (termites) (like mangoe tree)    
TTU Torau tole tóle     black (ripe) galip nut    
TTU Torau tolou tolou     eel (river only)   [AS]    
TTU Torau tomeka tómeka     k.o. banana, for cooking    
TTU Torau tomonu tomonu     k.o. plant, yellow, used as herb for medicine and cooking    
TTU Torau tomotomonu tòmotomónu     yellow   (tomonu=k.o. plant - is yellow) [AH] [tomotamonM] [AS]    
TTU Torau tooru-na tooruna     egg   tóru-na[AH]    
TTU Torau toputopu(da) toputopu(da)     heart    
TTU Torau torara tórara     k.o. banana - for eating, short, fat, yummy    
TTU Torau torasa torása     housepost    
TTU Torau torau torau   PN name of tribe, place in Buin named after tribe    
TTU Torau tori-a ~ toriidia toria ~ toriidia   Vtr see (anywhere)   (see toru, toruia)    
TTU Torau toriamate tòriamáte     lamentation or threnody (???), song or cry for dead person    
TTU Torau torien torien     betel spatula   (uncofirmed in field) [M]    
TTU Torau Torokina Torokina   PNLOC Torokina    
TTU Torau torore torore     round brown sweet potato, k.o. koteuko (in red parrot photo)    
TTU Torau toru toru     shine (of sun)   [AS]    
TTU Torau toru toru   Vitr look, look for   (see toria, toruia) [‘see’ AH] [‘sehen’ RS] [‘see’ AS] nunu lo toruia ‘look at’; nunugu magu toruia ‘I looked at my picture’  
TTU Torau toru-ia ~ toru-idia torúia ~ toruidia   Vappl look at   (see toria, toru) [‘see’ AH] [‘sehen’ RS] [‘see’ AS] nunu lo toruia ‘look at’; nunugu magu toruia ‘I looked at my picture’  
TTU Torau toru-na toruna     face    
TTU Torau toru-na atoro tóruna atoro     good face   [‘schön’ RS] toruna na atorola ‘his face his beautiful’  
TTU Torau totobe totobe   Vitr dig   (RED tobe) (definitely not also Vtr) [‘dig (ground for planting)’ AS]    
TTU Torau totu totu     (V)    
TTU Torau tou tou     dugong   [M] [AS]    
TTU Torau tou tóu     sugar cane   (see tio amamate) [M] [AH] [AS]    
TTU Torau touotouopodoi touotouopodoi     ?have gap (?)   (see Medaa isina Maromagara story)    
TTU Torau toβo toβo   N space, time (as in do s.th., space in time)    
TTU Torau trinde trinde     Wednesday    
TTU Torau tu~tu tu~tu   V ?live   Tioloni asa inau isi-gu tu~tu=sa-mani. 'Only T. lives with me.' inau itoio tu~tu=sa-gu. 'I live there.'  
TTU Torau tuala túala     stick for mashing in tabilu   tábilu tuala 'hand bilong tabilu'  
TTU Torau tua-la túala     arm, hand   [peetáluala AH] [RS] [tuaguraus M] [‘Hand; Unterarm?, Oberarm?, Rechte Hand?, Linke Hand?’ RB] [‘hand’; [‘finger’ AS] tuá-la  
TTU Torau tuani tabilu tuani tabilu     pounder – “arm bilong tabilu”    
TTU Torau tuari-na tuarína     old (objects only, not people)   [AH] [tu’ari-la RS] [‘old (of house)’ AS]    
TTU Torau tube tube     cloud   [‘Wolken’ RB]    
TTU Torau tudu tudu   V look down   [Pira]    
TTU Torau tudu tudu     bow down    
TTU Torau tuga ~ tuga-ia ~ tuga-dia tuga ~ tugáia ~ tugadia     respect, admire   [‘lieben’ RS]    
TTU Torau tu-i tui     live, reside   [tuisalato [‘(he) lives (in this village)’ AS]    
TTU Torau tuiama túiama     slit drum   [túioma [‘Trommel’ RS]    
TTU Torau tuitui tuítui     boundary, border, limit between plantations or gardens (but the marks of the border, not just knowing where it is)   [‘Grenze’ RS]    
TTU Torau tukia ~ tukidia tukia ~ tukidia     punch    
TTU Torau tuku tuku   Vtr speak   magu tuku 'I said…'  
TTU Torau tuku-a ~ tuku-dia tukúa ~ tukudia     say s.th.; tukudia also gossip about s.th.   dukúa[‘sagen (inquit)’ RS]    
TTU Torau tukuru túkuru     k.o. banana, for cooking, hard    
TTU Torau tumakalo tumákalo     small flying ant that comes out when it rains    
TTU Torau tumenu tumenu     parrot sp. (eclectus parrot - female (red) only)   (identified by DH plate 130. male (green) is karogu)    
TTU Torau tunde tunde     Tuesday    
TTU Torau tunu tunu     burn   roe magu tunudia, roe magu tunu  
TTU Torau tunu túnu     swamp, body of stagnant non-flowing water    
TTU Torau tunus-i-a ~ tunusu-dia tunúsia ~ tunusudia     point at   [‘zeigen’ RS]    
TTU Torau tupa tupa     feed (s.th.) (animals and babies only)   (*ma tupatupa)   ma tupa 'He feeds (s.th.)'  
TTU Torau tupaia ~ tupadia tupaia ~ tupadia     feed it   ma tupaia 'He feeds it.'  
TTU Torau tupatupa tupatupa     pet (bird, dog, cat, etc.)   adi tupatupa
kukuku na tupatupa 'A bird is a pet.'
 
TTU Torau turabana turábana     God of sea masalai (not PN) (see lánièlo) (see ariautupi)    
TTU Torau turarema turarema     "every time" ie. all the time    
TTU Torau turu turu   Vitr land    
TTU Torau turu-na ~ turu-dia turuna ~ turudia     tree sap   [M]    
TTU Torau tutunaina tutunaina     push s.th.    
TTU Torau tuu túu   V sit also stay, live, be at   [AH] [‘sitzen, sich setzen’, [‘habe mich hingesetzt’ RS] [tu-u [‘stand’ M]    
TTU Torau tuu tuu   N life sindaun (bilong)    
TTU Torau tuuru tuuru     get out of truck, canoe, ship, not house, tree, ladder, not towards shore    
  tuutuu  tuu~tuu   V live   Tioloni asa inau isi-gu tu~tu=sa-mani. 'Only T. lives with me.' inau itoio tu~tu=sa-gu. 'I live there.'  
TTU Torau u u     2SG.SBJ    
TTU Torau u u     2SG.POSS   (see -o) [-o RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau -u u     2SG.SBJ    
TTU Torau -u u   DIR down    
TTU Torau ua ua     say, want to, do   máua [‘says’ AH] a-la ma-to elai ua-ai=sa-la ‘The older brother was still doing that.’ TS059  
TTU Torau ua ua     ?spread wings (Vtr)    
TTU Torau uaga uaga     thin (esp. of baby)   tadi uaga, na uaga; *uagala  
TTU Torau uaita uaita     white man    
TTU Torau uaka uaka     work   [AS] inau waka nalo fo kiloko kae asoma ‘I will finish work at 4 o’clock’  
TTU Torau uala uala     fruit   [M] [áuua-la [‘seed’ AH] [áuuala [‘seed’ AS] au ua-la ‘tree fruit’  
TTU Torau ualu u.álu     vegetable kumul (def. ualu) (see uaualu) [‘Gemüse’ RS]    
TTU Torau uara uara   Vitr be unwilling, be lazy les (elicit this and wara(la) for /w/ v. /u/ phonemes)   magu uara ‘mi les’  
TTU Torau uare uare     tell    
TTU Torau uarea wárea     say, tell   (def. /w/, not v orB) várea[‘sagen, mitteilen’ RS] [lagukaiwario [‘tell’ M]    
TTU Torau uasai-a ~ uasai-dia uasaia ~ uasaidia   Vtr lift up   *vasaia. *uasai. Nothing to do with uasaiai 'because'      
TTU Torau uasaiai uasaiai   SBD because   see 'kasi'. *vasaiai    
TTU Torau uaualu u.á.u.alu     pick vegetables   (see ualu)    
TTU Torau ubeu ubeu     cave   [‘Höhle’ RS]    
TTU Torau ubo ubo     stuck in mud/sand, bogged   [‘(stone) stuks’ [AS]    
TTU Torau udaa udáa     fire   (‘fire’ is udaa because 2ndsyllable stress [Pira]) [M] [AH] [ũ’daRS] [RB] [AS] uda a-tia ‘make fire’; uda ma gau ‘the fire became alight’  
TTU Torau udi údi     ripe mau (banana in back of photo of cook house) [udī [‘weichreif’ RS] [‘ripe (of banana)’ AS]    
TTU Torau ui ú.i     yam   def not *uui [M] [AH] [RS] [AS]    
TTU Torau uikutia ~ uikutudia uikutia ~ uikutudia     squeeze coconut    
TTU Torau uka úka     fall (of fruit, man, plane, anything)   [‘fall down’ AH]    
TTU Torau uka~uka uka~uka     epidemic    
TTU Torau ukara ukara     prawn    
TTU Torau uka-u ukau     fall (fruit, from tree) fall down   [AS]    
TTU Torau uma uma     olsem    
TTU Torau umadiri ùmadíri     k.o. mamau but big    
TTU Torau umado umado     olsem (see omado, omano, umado – variant pronunciations, different speakers have different forms)    
TTU Torau umana umana     olsem    
TTU Torau umano umano     olsem (see omano, omado, umado – variant pronunciations, different speakers have different forms)    
TTU Torau unasa unasa   V + N fat (corpulent)   (ma unasa, na unasa)    
TTU Torau unasala goreaika unasala goreaika     very fat hemi fat tumas (no unasala on its own)   unasala goreaika 'He is very fat.', unasagu goreaika 'I am very fat.'  
TTU Torau unau únau     come down from mountains (people, animals)   [‘flüchten’ RS]    
TTU Torau unaumasa ùnaúmasa     be swollen   ((ma) ùnaúmasa)    
TTU Torau uni-na unína     skin, bark, foreskin   [‘unina [‘bark’, u’nina [‘skin’ AH] [RS] [M] [unina [‘Haut’, ulina [‘Rinde’ RB] [‘bark’ únina AS]    
TTU Torau unu unu   Vtr smoke    
TTU Torau unu unu   N k.o. tightly woven basket or bag of woven pandanus for carrying food, especially from gardens, basket used for disposing of ashes and bones in pre-Christian burial ceremony   (see ariautupi)    
TTU Torau unu~unu unu~unu     to smoke s.th.   (see unui) [Pira]    
TTU Torau unu-i unui     to smoke s.th.   (see unuunu) [Pira]    
TTU Torau -uou uou     descend   (see -ou – check)    
TTU Torau ura ura     betel pepper, ”mustard” seed pod used to dip in lime and chew with betel nut, daka, areca nut   ‘mustard’ Mauku [‘betel pepper’ [M] [AS]    
TTU Torau uraroela uraroela     areca leaf chewed with betel nut    
TTU Torau uriawa uriawa     dolphin (small kind)    
TTU Torau urita úrita     octopus   [AS]    
TTU Torau uruau uruau     pigeon sp. (pale mountain-pigeon; red-knobbed imperial-pigeon)   [DH]    
TTU Torau uruuruku       k.o. clam    
TTU Torau uruuruku úruúruku ~ úruurúku     k.o. clam in rock   MM pronounced it carefully as úruúruku and spelled it, but quickly she pronounced it /ùrurúku/    
TTU Torau usu úsu     mountain   [M] [‘uusu AH] [RS] [AS] úsu geesi ‘big mountain’, úsu kiki ‘small mountain’  
TTU Torau utukulu utúkulu   N stick, walking stick, staff   [‘Stock’ RS]    
TTU Torau utupu utúpu     drown, sink   [‘ertrinken’ RS]    
TTU Torau uua úu.a   ADV in that direction   Used in ITR verb complexes. See uuai. Def not V; verb complex internal ADV   arawa mato soo~sobii uua=e-la; Ketapia ma oseuua 'He paddled in the direction of Ketapia (not necessarily to Ketapia).' Ketapia ma sobiiiuua 'He walked in the direction of Ketapia.'  
TTU Torau uua uua     bear fruit    
TTU Torau uuai uu.ai   ADV in that direction   Used in TR verb complexes regardless of position in complex. See uua. Def not V; verb complex internal ADV    
TTU Torau uuara úuàra     k.o. crab (with "thumb spots" on shell)   (Martin has shell in his house.)    
TTU Torau wagaena wagaena         [e ma wagaena lelea 'He laughs a lot.' AH173]    
TTU Torau wagini wagíni     medicine, bush medicine, herbs, poison, etc.   vagíni[‘Arznei’ RS]    
TTU Torau wago wágo     whistle   vágo[‘pfeifen’ RS]    
TTU Torau wan wan     one   (TP)    
TTU Torau wari wári   Vitr worry   (magu wari) (minimal pair with wari 'stingray')    
TTU Torau wasaia wasaia     ?because   (see awasaiai)    
TTU Torau wawaga wawaga     ?????   ST007    
TTU Torau weuweu weuweu   V bark (of dog)    
TTU Torau wido wido     bird sp. (black and white monarch)   (identified by DH plate 87) (plate 188);     
TTU Torau wiliwilia wiliwilia     bird sp. (white-bellied cuckoo-shrike)   [DH]    
TTU Torau wina wina     post in centre of dance    
TTU Torau windoa windoa     window    
TTU Torau wiwiloni wiwiloni     bird sp. (whimbrel) “Christmas bird” (walks on beach)   (identified by DH plate 72)    
TTU Torau wiwito wiwíto     star, firefly   (def. /w/, not v orB) vivíto[AH] [M] [RS] [RB] [wiwitoAS]    
TTU Torau wole wole     cut back, trim grass (small area)    
TTU Torau wuini wuini     win (Vitr)   (see wini)    
TTU Torau βagasa βagasa   N trap    
TTU Torau βaini βaini waini CONJ plus   lao biskit palo kaisia waini solo waini suka ‘go get biskit plus salt plus sugar’  
TTU Torau βakaasi βakáasi     canoe (dugout with outrigger), k.o. tree for making canoes   (the only ones they have are dugouts with outrigger, so no other) (both MM and RP say double 'a') vakási[ha’kasiEinbaum RS] [wakasi AS]    
TTU Torau βakaroe βakaroe     husbands sister   RP has heard it, as vakaroe [bakaroe Cms]    
TTU Torau βakatata βakatata     term of address for older sibling of same sex (man or woman) in respect or sorrow   (old word - occasionally heard)    
TTU Torau βara βára     sprouting coconut (with spongy matter inside)   (elicit this and uara for /w/ v. /u/ phonemes) [‘stick’ várala AH] [‘stick’ várala AS] na warala  
TTU Torau βarala βárala     the spongy matter inside a sprouting coconut    
TTU Torau βare βare ware Vtr tell    
TTU Torau βarena-la βarenala     fathers sister, mothers brothers wife, neice/nephew of same   (not mother's sister) (reciprocal term) varena-la[Cms]    
TTU Torau βari βári     stingray    
TTU Torau βariola βariola     I'll tell you, I'll let you know   M + K    
TTU Torau βariolo βariolo     sons wifes parents, daughters husbands parents   CT knows it - used in old days - unclear as to meaning [Cms]    
TTU Torau βaromagara βàromagára     large bird (dives for fish)   (variation of màromagára)    
TTU Torau βaropo βáropo     new moon (fingernail) (start of month)    
TTU Torau βasikiri βasikiri   PNLOC name of the mountain on the headland overlooking the village    
TTU Torau βatoro βatoro     cycad    
TTU Torau βaβoi βáβoi     shark   vávoi[wawoi M] [‘Haifisch’ RS] [wawoi AS]    
TTU Torau βese βése   Vtr swear by s.th.     kae vése paka esanala inau magu kaaloa 'I swear by the name of my father that I didn't do that.'  
TTU Torau βesena βeséna   Vappl swear that s.th.   veséna[‘verachten’ RS] kae veséna… ' swear that…'
Kuresu esanalai kae veséna 'I swear on Kuresu's name.'
Kuresu esanalai ve~vesenai sagu 'I'm swearing on Kuresu's name.'
 
TTU Torau βesena βeséna   N word used in place of tabu in laws name   (the verb 'swear by' used as a name)    
TTU Torau βeβeu-a ~ βeβeu-dia βeβeua ~ βeβeudia   Vtr be killing   ?literally? MM's comments seem to suggest so. No *weu(a) KE195A kaukau mate ta weweuama 'Dog hem i filim dai' 'Dog hem wok long dai.'  
TTU Torau βiki βiki     week    
TTU Torau βikutani βikutani     cloth for squeezing grated coconut, term used in Rorovana    
TTU Torau βini βini     conch shell   vuini[wuini wini?AS]    
TTU Torau βini βini   Vitr win   (see wuini)    
TTU Torau βirakeru βìrakéru     shrine, altar, sacred area - a tambu area with a body of water, each clan has one, its a source of clan power; also name of altar for sacrifices and communion with mythological ancestors   (see ariautupi) [Cyril]    
TTU Torau βito βito Vito   Vito (Torau speaking village)     (identified by M as Torau speaking)    
TTU Torau βoreu βóreu     k.o. shell money, like mimisi but white    
TTU Torau βuru-na βuruna     hair (anywhere on body)   (not leaf) (strictly wuru is not pubic and armpit hair, but now people use it) vurú-na[AH] [wurug M] [‘vuru [‘Haar’ RS] [wuruna [‘Haar; Bart, kurzer’ RB]    
TTU Torau βusiβusi βusiβusi     whale    
               
             
         
           
         
         
         
         
         
         
             
         
             
         
             
         
         
         
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
         
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
         
               
               
               
               
               
         
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