Northwest Solomonic

V4.1

SILCode	Language	PhonemicForm	broadPhoneticForm	OrthographicFo	POS	EnglishTranslation	TokPisinTr	Notes	Source	Example
TTU	Torau	-a	a			3SG.OBJ			[a’loa [‘…hat ihn gemacht’; a’loina [‘hat es ihm gemacht’ RS]
TTU	Torau	a-	a			causative			[ha RS]
TTU	Torau	a-	a			POSS		(indirect possessive base)	[ha RS]
TTU	Torau	a~ani	a~ani		Vitr	be eating		irregular reduplicated form of Vitr aniani 'eat'. See aniani, ana
TTU	Torau	aa	aa		Exclam.	what?, oh!		(rising intonation)
TTU	Torau	aa	aa			yes		(falling intonation)
TTU	Torau	a-abaisa	aabaisa			young women			[‘junges Weib’ (pl) RS]
TTU	Torau	aadi	áadi			k.o. banana, for cooking and eating, short		(definitely 2 x a)
TTU	Torau	aado	aado		Vtr	chop
TTU	Torau	aadoa ~ aadodia	áadoa ~ aadodia			chop, chop down		(see atuna)	[‘hauen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	aakalo	aakalo		Vitr, Vtr	stop, stop s.o. or s.th.				Magu aakalo. 'I stopped.' Kara magu aakalo-a. 'I stopped the car.'
TTU	Torau	aakalo	aakalo		Vitr	be strong		* kalo. see kaakalo
TTU	Torau	aala	aala			men				erua aala ‘two men’
TTU	Torau	aa-la	áala			older brother (male or female speaking), fathers brothers son, mothers sisters son (male speaking), husbands brother	(minimal pair length with álaa)	(see asigu) (only AS gives ‘younger sister’) (applies to twins)	[a’agu [‘mein älterer Bruder’ RS] [Cms] [‘older brother’, ‘older sister’ AS]	kòkoleu ála /kòkolewála/ ‘rooster’
TTU	Torau	a-a-la	aála			older brothers/sisters (either sex speaking)			[aaagu ‘meine älteren Brüder’ RS]
TTU	Torau	a-alo-a	aaloa			do it, make it		(redup. form in present construction)
TTU	Torau	aamus-i	aamusi			dry s.th.				inau ma aamusiau ‘dry me’; aamusia ‘dry it’; aamusimu ‘dry you (pl.)’; aamusida ‘dry us (incl.)’; aamusimani ‘dry us (excl.)’; aamusidia ‘dry things belonging to them (OBJ v POSS)
TTU	Torau	aamusu	aàmúsu			dry s.th.				mágu aàmúsudía patálo; or patálo magu aamusudia; aàmúsudía ‘dry them’
TTU	Torau	aan-au	aanau		Vtr	eat me		irregular form of Vtr ana 'eat'
		aani	a~ani		Vitr	be eating'		irregular reduplicated form of Vitr aniani 'eat'. See aniani, ana
TTU	Torau	aan-o	aano		Vtr	eat you		irregular form of Vtr ana 'eat'
TTU	Torau	a-aos-ia	aaosia			make sick			[haosia ‘krank gemacht’ RS]
TTU	Torau	aapagi	áapagi			find out about s.th.		(aapagi, *apagi)
TTU	Torau	a-apo-la	aapola			relatives, clansmen, friends
TTU	Torau	aaraka	áaraka			roast on fire
TTU	Torau	aasora	áasòra		Vitr	be painful, be loud				tuagu ma aasora 'my arm is painful' di era aasora 'They sang loudly.'
TTU	Torau	aa-tia ~ aatodia	áatia ~ aatodia			make a fire, light (fire), cremate		RP says this should be aatia.	[aitia ‘befruchten’ RS] [‘anzünden’ RS]	uda a-tia ‘make fire’
TTU	Torau	aato	aato			talk		(see atoato)		inau kalo aato 'I'll come and talk to you.'
TTU	Torau	aatoka	áatoka		Vitr	cook		(must have aa)	[atoga M]
TTU	Torau	a-atuna	aatuna			make hit		(couldn’t get this from Mauku)	[haatuna [‘bin schuld, daβ geschlagen wurde’ RS]
TTU	Torau	abaana	abaana			stay behind, stay back				ma abana ‘Hem stap back’
TTU	Torau	abaisa	abáisa			young woman, young girl, 12yrs upwards until married, puberty onwards (having period)		(see podoauru)	[‘young’ M] [‘junges Weib’ RS]
TTU	Torau	abani ~ abanidia	abáni ~ abanidia			go back, return, replace		(not 'descend')	[ma lao abanima [‘he comes back’ AS]	ma lao abani ‘go back’; ma abani ‘replace’; magu abani ‘I replaced it’; magu abanidia ‘I replaced them’
TTU	Torau	abau	abáu			k.o. banana, for cooking, introduced from PNG
TTU	Torau	abauru	abáuru			complain (only if someone doesnt give you something)			[ha’bauru [‘sich beklagen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	abe	ábe			climb up, enter house		(*abeuo) (see abee)	[‘eintreten, klettern, steigen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	abe	ábe			net for fishing			[‘Netz’ ([‘a’ has short vowel diacritic) RS]
TTU	Torau	abee	abee			climb		(see abe 'climb up')
TTU	Torau	abesae	abesae			go up into s.th.(house, canoe, truck, etc., or tree, ladder)				dipa abesae
TTU	Torau	abini	ábini		LOC, N	down, downward underneath, bottom of s.th.			[abiniai’downwards’ AS]
TTU	Torau	a-da	ada			our two (inclusive)			[ni-da ada taninarua [‘we two (exclusive)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	a-da erua	ada erua			we two, us two			[AH]
TTU	Torau	ada~adapa	áda~ádapa			put in (basket, bucket, bag)		(put plant, s.th. inside) (definitely RD)	OL173A
TTU	Torau	a-da-na	adana			our two (inclusive) (sg)			[ni-da ada taninarua [‘we two (exclusive)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	adapa	adapa			put s.th. Inside
TTU	Torau	a-di	ádi			their (pl)			[‘ihre’ RS] [io a-di tani-na-rua [‘they two, them two’ AS]
TTU	Torau	adi-adiutala	adiadiutala		N	hard-work in garden, one for hard work in garden		(na adiadiutala,; ma adiadiutala, not V, not adiadiuta-la (-la not suffix), adiadiutadia)	[‘fleissig’ RS]
TTU	Torau	a-di-na	ádina			their (sg)			[‘ihr’ RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	adiutala	adiutála		V	work in garden			[adiútala [‘arbeiten’ RS]	magu adiutala ‘I’m going to work in my garden’
		ado ~ adoa ~ adodia	aado ~ áadoa ~ aadodia		Vtr ~ Vitr	‘chop, chop down’		(see atuna)	[‘hauen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	adoado	adoado			treasure box, structure in the house for putting treasured items in the old days
TTU	Torau	ae	ae			be		(personal article or copula only used with predicative PNs)
TTU	Torau	aebiu	aebiu			grandchild		(it's aibiuna)
TTU	Torau	a-eko-a ~ a-eko-dia	aekoa ~ aekodia		Vtr	make s.o. sleep, put baby down		(see maeko)	[eiko [‘lie (down)’ M]
TTU	Torau	ae-nima-la	aenimala			fifth
TTU	Torau	ae-pisa-la	aepisala			third
TTU	Torau	ae-rua-la	aeruála			second		(alternate pronunciation for aruala)
TTU	Torau	ae-βat-ina	aeβatina			fourth
TTU	Torau	aga	ága			from nearby		(see iga=from far away)
TTU	Torau	agara	ágara			k.o. fishing involving going about with small nets putting over places where there are fish				au àgará-la ‘root of tree’
TTU	Torau	agara	ágara			crawl			[‘kriechen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	agara ~ agara-la	ágara ~ agárala			root		(see lamutu)	[AH] [‘tree root’ M] [RS] [‘root (of tree)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	a-gau-a	agaua			light s.th.		(see gáu)
TTU	Torau	ageagenua	ageagenua			shake (coconut)			[AS]
		agisae				‘nearby’
TTU	Torau	agisi ~ agisi-na ~ agisi-dia	agisi ~ àgisína ~ agisidia			be near; near		def. V but with suffixes ?ADJ	[M]	magu agisi *magu agisina; iioena ruma na agisina ‘His house is nearby’
TTU	Torau	ago	ago		ADV	just now, referring to events that have just taken place or are just about to take place, nowish
TTU	Torau	ago soro-la	ago sórola			now, just now			[ágosoròla [‘Heute’ RS]
TTU	Torau	a-gu	águ			my (pl)			[‘meine’ agu tuagu [‘meine Hände’ RS]
TTU	Torau	a-gu-na	agúna			my (sg)			[‘mein’ RS] [AS]	e ina aguna buku ‘this is my book’; aguna kakadeke ‘a story I tell’
TTU	Torau	ai	ai		ADV	initially	festaem	postverbal verb complex internal ADV
TTU	Torau	-ai	ai			3SGO		(occurs with VCB. Actually for any OBJ?)
TTU	Torau	-ai ~ -i	ai ~ i		LOC	at, in, on etc.		(-i / a__; -ai elsewhere)	[AS]
TTU	Torau	aia	aia		Exclam.	let me have a look, let me see
TTU	Torau	aiaini	áiáini			same as ágara in younger peoples Torau
TTU	Torau	aibiu(-na)	aibiu ~ áibiúna			grandchild, sons wife		(includes ‘son or daughter’s child (male or female speaking), son’s wife (male or female speaking)’) ( PL = aaibiu-gu) (see aebiu)	[Cms] [Pira]
TTU	Torau	aika	aika		V	be not
TTU	Torau	aikala	áikala		V	no, not do, be not	nogat		[AH]
TTU	Torau	aine-la	áinela			mothers sisters daughter (male speaking), wifes sister, younger sister (male or female speaking), older sister of a male, fathers brothers daughter		(see ama, roa-gu) (cross sibling – brother if of woman, sister if of man)	[AH] [aine-gu [‘sister’ M] [Cms]
TTU	Torau	aini	aini			fish hook			[AS]
TTU	Torau	aisa	aisa		Exclam.	alright
TTU	Torau	aiti-a ~ aiti-dia	aitia ~ aitidia			have sex with s.o.		(Joe didn’t accept any plural object form, just two clauses with SGOBJ – if sequential events. But accepted aitidia if with 2 women simultaneously)		inau io magu aitia
TTU	Torau	aituna	aituna			seventh
TTU	Torau	aka	aka			not		(in pres. constructions)	[aka aa’loa ai [‘sangu [‘I am not doing it’ RS] [akalalau [‘go not’, akalalauma [‘come not’ M]
TTU	Torau	a-kakata-i-a ~ a-kakata-dia	akakatáia ~ akákatadía			whiten make white		(see kakata) (stress correct)	[pa’a-kakata-i-a AS]	pa a-kakata-ia
TTU	Torau	akalo	akalo		Vtr	stop		(see kalo)		PMV magu taea are ma akalo 'I flagged down a PMV and it stopped.'
TTU	Torau	akaputia ~ akaputudia	akáputía ~ akaputudia			blow out (flame), turn off torch, lamp, switch off light			[‘haka’putia [‘ausblasen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	akiaki	akiaki			behave strangely or inappropriately		(Mauku translated example sentence as ‘she was cross’, but told me in effect that akiaki means ‘talk in an abnormal way, such as whispering or crossly or s.th.’)
TTU	Torau	akiti	akiti		V	go slowly		(see line 35 of Komakomasa Enelela translation)
TTU	Torau	akiti	ákiti		?ADV	actually		def. initial primary stress
TTU	Torau	akomala	akomala		CONJ	until				babaraala dipálo sikulu ako mala fraede 'The children will go to school until Friday'
TTU	Torau	akonoraia ~ akonoradia	ákonoraia ~ ákonoradia		V	boil		(written in same entry as akoronia/akoronadia - CHECK) (maybe 2 a's)
TTU	Torau	akonoria	akónoria			(coconut shell) ignites to transfer fire
TTU	Torau	ala	ala			place (N)
TTU	Torau	alaa	álaa			man, male, boy		(minimal pair length with áala)	[ála [‘man’ M] [‘older brother of a male’ AH] [a’laha [‘männlich’ RS] [ála [‘man’ AS] [alaa [‘boy’ AS]	idai ala ‘one man’
TTU	Torau	alaa gesi	álaa gési			big man			[agunalages [‘chief’ M]	a-gu-na ala-geesi ‘my big chief, my paramount chief’; ine bario adina tio geesi ‘you are a big man/chief of Bario clan’; kokoito isina Chris bario adi anua gegeesi ‘Kokoito and Chris are chiefs of Bario’
TTU	Torau	alaa-la	aláala			husband, sisters husband		(see roa-gu)	[AS] [alá-la M] [alá-la Cms]	alaa-la ‘her husband’
TTU	Torau	alabilu	alabilu			cassava pudding (a food of dough of mashed cassava with coconut cream spread on top)
TTU	Torau	a-lao-a-la ~ alaodiala	alaoala ~ alaodiala			pass s.th. on
TTU	Torau	alasa	alasa		ADV	travel in an unhurried way (on sea only)		(ma alasa, ma sobii alasa) (definitely not V)		ma ose alasa 'paddle in an unhurried way'
TTU	Torau	alata	álata		Vtr	send
TTU	Torau	alatia ~alatadia	alátia ~alatadia		V	send s.o. or s.th.			[‘befehlen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	ale	ale			current in the sea, tide, flow of river				di laisae ‘they went up’; *ma laisae
TTU	Torau	ale	ale			garden house
TTU	Torau	ale	ále			centipede (poisonous)			[AS]
TTU	Torau	aleale	aleale			flotsam, drifting stuff
TTU	Torau	alena	aléna		V	flow, float, drift
TTU	Torau	alo bela	alo bela		V+ADV	hurry, be quick (lit. do quickly)			[M] [alobelamaAS]	magu alobela; mu alobela ‘You hurry up!’
TTU	Torau	alo-a ~ alo-dia	áloa ~ alodia			do it, make it			[magualoa M] [aloa [‘gemacht’; aaloa ai sangu [‘I am doing it.’ RS] [halo 'Gebrauch, Sitte' RS]	magu alo-a
TTU	Torau	alo-boko-in-a	alobokoina		Vtr	take off (clothes, lid, etc.)		not semantically compositional - lexicalised (boko ina = throw away)
TTU	Torau	alola	alola			how to do s.th. Is like this		"alolai = 'that's why'" RP alo-la do-NOM		pisu alola e umado 'I make pisu like this'
TTU	Torau	alotu	álotu		N	sea snake - black sometimes with spots looks like trout markings, eel – grey brown with black spots
TTU	Torau	ama	ama			older sister (male or female speaking), fathers brothers daughter, mothers sisters daughter (male speaking)		(see ainegu) (Joe and Mauku no save – check) (Cyril nogat)	[Cms]
TTU	Torau	ama	ama			hammer
TTU	Torau	ama	ama			reconcile with someone by chewing two halves of the same betel nut or mustard		(see ariama)		magu amadia 'I have reconciled with them'
TTU	Torau	amaamalo	amaamalo		V	thinking	tingting			magu amaamalo ‘I’m thinking’
TTU	Torau	amaamalo	amaamalo		N	thought				idai amaamalo ‘one thought’
TTU	Torau	amairia ~ amairedia	amáiria ~ amairedia			make angry			[‘zornig machen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	amaloa ~ amalodia	amaloa ~ amalodia			think, think about s.o.				magu amaloa ‘I think about him’; magu amalodia
TTU	Torau	a-ma-na	ámana			our (sg)			[‘unser’ RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	a-mani	ámani			our (pl)			[‘unsere’ RS]
TTU	Torau	amata	ámata			village			[ha’mata [‘Platz, Dorf’ RS] [AS]	ena amata na katoka ‘This village is clean’
TTU	Torau	amata geesi	ámata géesi			Torau name for Rorovana 1 (lit. big village)
TTU	Torau	amatate	amatate			emerge (vitr)
TTU	Torau	a-mate-a	àmatea			kill			[AH] [ha’matea [‘töten’ RS]
TTU	Torau	amatia ~ amatadia	amatia ~ amatadia			wake s.o.		(magu amatia)
TTU	Torau	a-maus-ia ~ amausudia	amáusia ~ amausudia			make sleep			[ha’mausia [‘habe Schlaf gemacht (eingeschläfert)’ RS]
TTU	Torau	ameala (~ amela)	ameala (~ amela)		PURP	used if not mentioning name who does something something people generally say	olsem	(amela = reduced version of ameala)	amealalaso[‘zahm’ RS]
TTU	Torau	amini	amini			?? RLTR				kakána amini Rorovana ‘the beach of Rorovana’
TTU	Torau	aminibau	aminibau			period (menstruation)
TTU	Torau	amoamorea	amoamorea			erase (vtr), as footprints in sand washed by sea, or pencil on paper with eraser
TTU	Torau	amorea	amórea		Vitr, Vtr	not know, be confused, be unsure; not know s.th., be confused about s.th., be unsure of s.th.			[‘vergessen, nicht mehr wissen’ RS]	enala ma amorea 'I don't know his name'
TTU	Torau	a-mu	ámu			your two your (pl) (pl)			[‘you two’ AH] [ni-mu a-mu tani-na-rua [‘you two’ AS] [‘eure’ RS]
TTU	Torau	a-mu-na	ámuna			your (pl) (sg)			[‘euer’ RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	amusia	amúsia			wipe, to clean or dry, etc.		(not seemingly a-musi-a)	[‘abwischen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	an	an		Vtr	eat		(CHECK CORRECT FORM, xrf AS8)		Tioni golo aanaisala. ’The (a?) man is eating a banana.’ (must be RD: *Tioni golo anaisala)
TTU	Torau	an-a ~ an-idia	ána ~ anidia		Vtr	eat		(see aniani, aani)	[‘aani AH] [‘essen, trinken, essen (trans.)’, [‘brennen, beissen, verzehren’ RS]
TTU	Torau	anaola	ànaóla			wake s.o., disturb s.o.s sleep		(see naola)	[halaola [‘Im Schlaf stören’ RS]
TTU	Torau	ani	áni			sharp			[RS] [AS]	naepe ma ani ‘The knife is sharp’
TTU	Torau	ani-a-mate-a	aniamatea		VTR	eat to death				KE208
TTU	Torau	aniana	ániána			onion
TTU	Torau	aniani	ániáni		Vitr	eat		Not synchronically RD - no *ani. See aani, ana.	[‘eat’ M] [‘Speise’ RS] [‘eat’ AS]
TTU	Torau	aniani	ániáni		N	food				nasua anianina 'man bilong kaekae'
TTU	Torau	ani-ani-na	anianina			meat (of coconut), fruit of s.th.			[AS]
TTU	Torau	ani-a-soma-ia ~ani-a-soma-dia	aniasomaia ~aniasomadia		V	finish eating				Manipa aniasomaia. 'We finish eating it.' CAN044
TTU	Torau	anu	ánu			eight			[M] [RS]
TTU	Torau	anua	ánua			people, someone		(plural only, see tioni=sg)	[‘person’ AH] [ha’nua [‘Menschen’ [‘hanua [‘Mann, jemand’, [‘Leute’ RS] anúai [‘sie’ RS]	erua anua ‘two people’;
TTU	Torau	anuna	anuna			eighth
TTU	Torau	anusa	ánusa			island			[RS] [anussa RB] [AS]
TTU	Torau	aoa	aoa		Vtr	smell s.th.			[haola [‘riechen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	aoa atoro	aóa atoro			smell good			[ha’olaatoro [‘es riecht gut’ RS]	magu aoa na atorola (*atora here)
TTU	Torau	aoao	aoao			crow sp. (Bougainville crow)			[DH]
TTU	Torau	a-odor-ia ~ aodorodia	aodoria ~ aodorodia			believe (lit. make-true)			[haodoria [‘glauben’ RS]
TTU	Torau	aolaia ~ aoladia	aolaia ~ aoladia			pull in a hooked fish		(see ola)
TTU	Torau	aolomola	aolomola			sixth
TTU	Torau	a-onu-a ~ aonudia	aonua ~ aonudia			fill			[hahonua [‘füllen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	aoso	áoso			be sick, be unwell			[‘haoso, aoso Krank RS]
TTU	Torau	apala	apala			branch of tree			[M] [AS]
TTU	Torau	a-palai-a	apalaia			make tie			[hapalaina [‘habe binden (festnehmen) lassen, schuld daβ gebunden wurde’ RS]
		apama				??		(archaic word, in song from Sugiaiworo story)
TTU	Torau	apara	ápara			hit head or face				aparini kakanai 'I think they are at the beach'
TTU	Torau	aparani	aparani			its there	long hap
TTU	Torau	apeadu ~ apeadu	apéadu ~ àpeádu			k.o. tree and fruit
TTU	Torau	apo	apo			large lizard species large lizard in bush
TTU	Torau	apo	apo				wantok	(not without POSS)
TTU	Torau	a-podo-a	apódoa			give birth to			[hapodoa [‘verursachen’ a’podoa [‘gebären’ RS]
TTU	Torau	apo-la	apóla			friend		(cannot occur without possessor indexing)	[‘friend’ M] [‘Freund, Totemmitglied’, [‘mein Freund’ RS] [aapogu [‘General denomination for relatives’ Cms]
TTU	Torau	apu	apu			??				Are sama-sama ma raeelala episa sanaa waini modela aewatina apu. 'This rod must be three and a half meters long.'
TTU	Torau	a-pusak-ia ~ apusaka-dia	apusakia ~ apusakadia			soften make soft		(see pusaka)	[pa’a-pusak-i-a AS]	pa a-pusak-ia
TTU	Torau	arakau	àrakáu		PNLOC	the body swamp water at mouth of ketapia river, including lagoon, mangroves and mouth of river		(in the mountains the Ketapia river is called Pinei)
TTU	Torau	ara-la	árala			shoulder			[AH] [ahara-gu M] [AS]	aragu ma asora 'My shoulder is painful.'
TTU	Torau	arapa ~ arap-ia	arapa		Vitr; Vtr	across go across carry across		(magu ose arapa only to Rorovana 2, because you cross the river, not to Arawa (too far) or even around the point to the canoe park or to Vito) ; (see barata)		ma pasa arapa ‘swim across’
TTU	Torau	aratai	àratái ~ áratài			woven fan, used in dance, also k.o. plant - the big fan plant like at Buka police station, fan made from that plant	biruka	(TP term is from Nasioi, so may not be standard TP)
TTU	Torau	a-raus-ia	aráusia			finish s.th.			[‘beendigen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	araβa	aráβa		PN					arawa na asaunala
TTU	Torau	araβini	araβini			cyclone			aramini[‘Blitz’ RB]
TTU	Torau	are	are			and				PMV magu taea are ma akalo 'I flagged down a PMV and it stopped.'
TTU	Torau	aredoisa	aredóisa			when?			[AH]
TTU	Torau	aresa	aresa			yes
TTU	Torau	Areβina	Areβina		PNLOC	Arevina
TTU	Torau	ari-	ári			reciprocal, reflexive		(preposed particle, occurs in reciprocal and reflexive constructions)	[‘mani [‘ari [‘daki [‘wir sind uns begegnet’ ti’bola ma ari tuga [‘er liebt sich selbst’ RS]	aritiro ‘look at self (in mirror, shadow, etc.)’; mato aritiro ela ‘he was looking at himself’
TTU	Torau	aria	aria			HORT INCPL		("Let's" same as Kokota)
TTU	Torau	ariaiti	ariaiti			have sex together
TTU	Torau	arialami	arialami			sorry, as in “I feel sorry for s.o.”		(no *alami, so not ari-alami)	[Pira]	màriálami 'he makes me feel sorry for him' di ariálami 'they…'
TTU	Torau	arialoni	arialoni			make a lot of noise			[‘voice’ AS]	tibola ma arialoni
TTU	Torau	ariama	ariama			reconcile with each other		(see ama)		dapa ariama 'We are reconciling.'
TTU	Torau	ariariaiti	ariariaiti			man/woman who has sex				solusolu odela ‘man hem skinim kok’ na ariariaiti ‘man/woman who has sex’
TTU	Torau	ari-arita	ariarita			distribute, divide up (food, clothes, anything)		(see ita)	[AS]	ma ariarita 'distribute'
TTU	Torau	ariati	ariati		N	cremation
TTU	Torau	ariautupi	ariautupi		N	sea burial		(Torau now bury their dead. Pre-Christian body disposal involved cremation, then ashes and bones put in unu with stones to weight it and taken out to see, then prayers made to turábana (Sisivala). He appears in depths, looks a bit like a shark. This signals they should release the remains. Each clan has its own area of the sea for sea burials.) (see autupia ~ dutupidia) (see virakeru)
TTU	Torau	ari-mosoki	arimosoki			kiss				ena baina/ala na karonau ‘She/He is a woman/man who likes sex’
TTU	Torau	aripaini	aripaini			shirt
TTU	Torau	ari-pekoi	aripekoi			like each other				ma mosokia ‘he kissed her’; ema mosokodia ‘he kissed them’
TTU	Torau	aripiri	aripiri			change clothes		(see ipiri)
TTU	Torau	aripukaina	aripukaina			tie (a knot)			[AS]
TTU	Torau	ariru	áriru		N	clothing
TTU	Torau	ari-ruina	ariruina			put on clothes (lit. reciprocal wrap)			[ari páianu [‘Kleid anziehen’ RS (is the –nu meant to be –gu???)]
TTU	Torau	ari-rurukata	arirurúkata			take off clothes (lit. reciprocal loosen/untie)			[ari rúkata [‘Kleid ausziehen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	arisa	arisa			day after tomorrow
TTU	Torau	ari-saarai	àrisáarai		V	be the same		*saarai	[ari sarái [‘gleich gross’ RS]
TTU	Torau	arisai	arisai			so what!
TTU	Torau	arisao	arisao		Vitr	gather, assemble (of people, dogs, anything)			[AS]	anua di arisao; idai arisai ‘gather once’
TTU	Torau	a-roa~roa-ia	aroa~roaia			misspend, misuse, fritter away also man and woman go long bush	paulim
TTU	Torau	a-roa-ia ~ a-roa-idia	aroaia ~ aroaidia			lose s.th.		(written as aroae-a in 2007 notebook)		magu aroae-a aguna kamera 'I lost my camera.'
TTU	Torau	aroaroia	aróaroia			go fast, speed			[‘hoffen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	arorea	arórea			announce, bring news			[‘verkündigen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	aru	aru			k.o. tree with red dye seeds				aruaruai ‘at the aru trees’
TTU	Torau	Aru	Aru			Alu (place in Shortland Islands)		(“We used to say alu but now we say aru” Mauku)
TTU	Torau	aru-	aru			always		(see arua)
TTU	Torau	arua	arua			always		(see aru-)
TTU	Torau	aruaiau	aruaiau			come with me
TTU	Torau	aruala	aruala			second		(see aeruála)
TTU	Torau	aruala	aruala			companion in travel or going for a walk		(only SG possessor because meanssole companion)	his mate [RP]
TTU	Torau	aruaru	aruaru			wash s.th. off s.th. in the sea (e.g. nappies (most common use))			[‘schwach’ RS]
TTU	Torau	asa	asa			just (limiter)
TTU	Torau	asa	asa			upward		(see asai)
TTU	Torau	asa	asa		Vitr	flee
TTU	Torau	-asa	asa			exactly				episasa ‘exactly three’, idaiasa ‘exactly one’, nimaasa ‘exactly five’, siaasa ‘exactly nine’, saunuasa ‘exactly twenty’
TTU	Torau	asaau	asáau		Vitr	jump down		(see asau)
TTU	Torau	asabara	ásabára			through passage (?)				ose ásabára ‘paddle from the sea into the lagoon or vice versa’
TTU	Torau	asag-ia ~ asaga-dia	asagia ~ asagadia			dry skin, body
TTU	Torau	asai	asai			upwards, top	antap	(see asa)	[AS]
TTU	Torau	asama	ásama		V, Vtr	tie
TTU	Torau	asama	ásama		N	rope
TTU	Torau	asana	asana		N	INSTR
TTU	Torau	asara	asara			k.o. tree	tolas
TTU	Torau	asasakia ~ asasakadia	asasakia ~ asasakadia		Vtr	spoil (anything)			[AS]
TTU	Torau	asau	asau			far away	longwe	check - V?		lao asaáu 'you go longwe'
TTU	Torau	asau	asau			jump down (Vitr)		(see asaau)
TTU	Torau	asaunala	asaunala			far			[M]	arawa na asaunala
TTU	Torau	asaunu-na	asaununa			tenth
TTU	Torau	asia-la	asiala			ninth
TTU	Torau	a-siba~sib-i-a ~ asiasibidia	asiba~sibia ~ ásiásibidía			blacken		(see sibisibi) (ásiásibia ‘make black’)	[pa’a-sibasib-i-a AS]
TTU	Torau	asigetu	asigetu		Vitr	sneeze
TTU	Torau	a-siko-a ~ a-siko-dia	asikoa ~ asikodia			make dirty			[‘beschmutzen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	asi-na	ásina			younger brother/sister (male or female speaking), fathers brothers son, mothers sisters son (male speaking), husbands brother		(see a-gu) (only AS gives ‘younger sister’); (not cross sibling – both brother and sister of man or woman) (also applies to twins)	[aguouasi-la M] [‘mein jüngerer Bruder’ RS] [‘father’s brother’s son’ Cms] [‘younger brother’, [‘younger sister’ AS]
TTU	Torau	asiri ~ asiri-a	asiri ~ asíria			insult, offend			[masíriau [‘Schmerz empfinden’ RS]	ma asiri sakaiau 'He offended me/insulted me.' ma asiri atoroiau 'What he did shot me (not literally).'
TTU	Torau	aso	aso			rafters
TTU	Torau	asoma	asoma			stop, finish				inau waka nalo fo kiloko kae asoma ‘I will finish work at 4 o’clock’; mani asoma ‘we are finished, we have stopped’
TTU	Torau	asoma-ia ~ asoma-dia	asómáia ~ asomadía			stop s.o. from doing s.th.			[‘fertig machen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	asora	asora			painful				isogu ma asora ‘my skin is painful’
TTU	Torau	asoraia	asoraia			strong				atunu asoraia ‘fight strong’
TTU	Torau	asu	ásu		N	smoke			[M] [‘aasu AH] [RS] [RB] [AS]
TTU	Torau	asu-na	asúna			eyebrow			[‘Augenbrauen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	atadani	àtadáni			conditioner, receptical
TTU	Torau	atae	atae		N	knowledge				ena atae na mageala 'his knowledge is good'
TTU	Torau	atae-na ~ atae-dia	atáena ~ ataedia		V	know s.th., know		def. can be V - see Sirinai 2	[AH] [a’taiena [‘denken an, wissen’ RS]	magu atae ena esanala 'save long nem bilong hem', ma atae alo wakasi 'He knows how to make a canoe.'
TTU	Torau	ataomo	ataomo		Vtr	gather, e.g. plates after meal)			(ao is diphthong)	peleita kae atáomo 'I'll collect all the plates.'
TTU	Torau	a-tapo-ina ~ atapoidia	àtapóina ~ àtapóidía		Vitr, Vtr	be together, group things together	bung, bungim	(see tapo)		magu atapo-a 'I grouped it with something else' magu atapo-dia 'I grouped them together' Tibola goreai di atapoa 'They brought Tibola into the game' mete isina golo kae ariatapoina pisu kae aloa 'I combine coconut and banana to make pisu' lagao sapiako kae atapoa 'and then I put in Cassava'
TTU	Torau	atee	atée			water, river			[M] [a’tee AH] [RS] [‘(breast) milk’ M] [‘wara (bilong dring)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	atee gesi	atée gési			river (lit. big-water)			[AH]
TTU	Torau	atee-la	ateela			water of s.th., breast milk		(e.g. metee atela ‘coconut water’)	[‘breast milk’ ateila M]
TTU	Torau	atee-la	atéela			liver			[M] [a’teela AH] [‘heart’ AS]
TTU	Torau	atia ~ atidia	atia ~ atidia			cremate (ritual described in entry for arautupi)		(*ati) (then put bones and ashes in unu) (see arautupi)
TTU	Torau	atiki	átiki		Vitr	be slow		def. initial primary stress		kara ma átiki 'The car is slow'
TTU	Torau	atiki	atiki			but	tasol		KNB030, OL163/164/165, OL270
TTU	Torau	atikiai	atikiai		ADV	slowly		def. not verb	[M]	magu sobii atikiai ‘I walked slowly’
TTU	Torau	ato	ato			talk		(see atoato)
TTU	Torau	atoa ~ atodia	atoa ~ atodia			repay				teveri kalo atoa, teveri kalo atodia 'I will go and repay'
TTU	Torau	atoaia	atóaia			cure, save (make live)			[ha’toaia heilen, retten RS]
TTU	Torau	atoato	atóato			speak, language meeting		(see ato)	[‘Sprache, sprechen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	atoka-ia ~ atoka-dia	atokaia ~ atokadia		Vtr	cook			[‘kochen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	atoro	atóro		Vitr	good, properly, be good			[ha’ola atoro [‘es riecht gut’ RS] [AS]	magu ka bobola atoro ‘I didn’t listen properly’; namuna na atoro(la) ‘taste bilong good’ ; boni atoro soma ‘good night’ ‘Gud naet tru’; gómo atoro ‘hold well’; ma asiri sakaiau 'What he did shot me (not literally).'
TTU	Torau	atoro-la	atórola			good			[M] [AH] [RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	atsiee	atsiee		Exclam.	atchoo!
TTU	Torau	atuba	átuba			old garden site, garden left fallow or overgrown			[‘Gestrüpp’ RS]
TTU	Torau	atu-na	atuna			child, wifes siblings child, brothers child (male or female speaking), spouses brothers child, fathers sisters son (male or female speaking), sisters child (female speaking), wifes sisters child, sisters grandchild		(includes ‘son, daughter, wife’s brother’s son, wife’s brother’s daughter, wife’s sister’s son, wife’s sister’s daughter, husband’s brother’s child, wife’s brother’s child, sister’s son’s child, sister’s daughter’s child’)	[Cms] [atugualla [‘son’ (lit. [‘wife’s brother’s child-male’) M]
TTU	Torau	atuna-ina	atunaina			hit with s.th., smite with s.th.			[‘habe geschlagen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	atunu ~ atuna ~ atunudia	atunu ~ átuna ~ atunudia			hit, smite		(see adoa)	[AH] [‘kill’ M] [atunu hamatea [‘töten’ RS] [‘fight’; [‘hit (with hand)’ AS]	magu atuna ‘fight him’; atunu asoraia ‘fight strong’; magu atunu amatea ‘killim dae’
TTU	Torau	a-tuu-a	atúua			make sit			[‘hatua Setzen RS]
TTU	Torau	a-tuu-ia ~ atuudia	atuuia ~ atuudia			make sit, put			[hatuia [‘hingesetzt’ RS]
TTU	Torau	au	au			tree, wood, stick			[hao M, [‘aao AH] [hao [‘Holz’ RB] [AS]	au ua-la ‘tree fruit’
TTU	Torau	-au	au			1SG.OBJ			[a’loau [‘…hat mich gemacht’; a’loinau [‘hat es mir gemacht’ RS]
TTU	Torau	a-u	áu			your (sg) (pl)			[‘deine’ RS]
TTU	Torau	a-u-na	áuna			your (sg) (sg)			[‘dein’ RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	auru	áuru		Vitr; ADJ	new, clean			[AH] [a’oru [‘jung, neu’ RS] [AS]	e na ruma e na auru. 'This house is new.'
TTU	Torau	autupia ~ autupidia	autupia ~ autupidia		Vtr	dispose of body in sea burial		(*autupi) (see ariautupi)
TTU	Torau	a-utup-ia ~ a-utupu-dia	autúpia ~ autupudia			drown s.o.			[hau’tupia [‘ertränken’ RS]
TTU	Torau	awa	awa		Exclam.	well
TTU	Torau	awasaiai	awasaiai			?because why did				awa saiai tamu lauma 'Why did you come?' nimu saiai tamui lauma 'Why did you all come?' uwa saiai 'you say why'
TTU	Torau	aβuta	aβúta			volcano
TTU	Torau	ba	ba			also
TTU	Torau	ba~bakaia	ba~bakaia			dont hold		(=aka bábakáia)	ba~bakaina 'strike’ M]
TTU	Torau	baa-bara-la	báabarala			back of person, outside of house, outside fence		(sg.? pl.?)	ba-bara-la [‘rib, ribs’ [AS]
TTU	Torau	baaki	báaki			wall
TTU	Torau	baanima ~ baanila	báanima ~ baanila			return		(*baani)
TTU	Torau	ba-baina	babaina			women			[‘Weib’ (pl) RS]	erua babaina ‘two women’
TTU	Torau	babara	babara			rib
TTU	Torau	babarala	babarala			children
TTU	Torau	babari	babari			laplap		(auna babari, *babariu)
TTU	Torau	babariu aikala	babariu aikala			be naked (lit. have no laplap)				Bioku babari uaikala 'Bioku is naked.'
TTU	Torau	babata	babata			area between beach and reef edge
TTU	Torau	babata	babáta		V	travel following shoreline (in either direction)				ose babata ‘paddle along inside the reef’ ma ose babáta Ketapia/Loloho 'paddle following shoreline to Ketapia/Loloho' ma babata 'He is going along the shore to Ketapia/Loloho.'
TTU	Torau	bae-la	baela			wing (of bird); shoulder and upper arm		(syn. roroani)	[baila AH] [‘Schulter’ RS] [AS]	kókolèu báina ‘hen’
TTU	Torau	baia	báia			name of clan (no other meaning)
TTU	Torau	baina	báina			woman			[M] [AH] [‘Weib’, w’eiblich’ RS] [‘Weib, Frau’ RB] [AS]	idai baina ‘one woman’
TTU	Torau	baina-la	bainala			wife			[M] [Cms] [AS]
TTU	Torau	bairima	bairima			red sweet potato, k.o. koteuko (in red parrot photo)
TTU	Torau	bakaia ~ bakadia	bakaia ~ bakadia		Vtr	hold, touch				au lo bakaia 'Go and touch the tree.'
TTU	Torau	bakaroe	bakaroe			in laws (gen.)
TTU	Torau	baki	baki			wall (of house) (inside and outside – any wall or partition)			[AS]
TTU	Torau	bala	bala			ball
TTU	Torau	bala-la	bálala			base of				mete bála-la ‘base of coconut’
TTU	Torau	balusu	bálusu		N	aircraft				balusu ma lao gito 'The plane has already left.'
TTU	Torau	banala	bánala			tree trunk			barelakas[M]
TTU	Torau	bani	báni			stay back, stay behind when others go			[‘umkehren’ RS]	magu bani
		banima	bánima			return
TTU	Torau	baobao	baobao			smell bad				ena iala ta baobao ‘that fish smells bad’
TTU	Torau	bara	bára			block			[bala [‘Zaun’ RS]
TTU	Torau	baraala	baraala			children		(see barala, babarala) (some people say this short for babarala) (*barala)
TTU	Torau	barabara	barabara			fences			[AS]
TTU	Torau	barabarala	bàrabárala			side of s.th.
TTU	Torau	barala-	barala			children (used in compounds only, as per tio-)		(see babarala) (see also baraala) (see tabi) (plural, but barala kiki ‘small child’, barala geesi ‘big child’, barala ala ‘boy’, barala baina ‘girl’) (in lexicon, barala is listed as ‘child’)		erua barala ‘two children’
TTU	Torau	barata	barata			across		(see arapa)		ma beaka barata ‘he ran across (the road)’
TTU	Torau	bario	bário			name of clan (“Breadfruit”)		(speaker suggests ‘flying fox’ – check)
TTU	Torau	bario ~ bario	barío ~ bário			breadfruit (tree and fruit)			[RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	basika	básika			name of clan (no other meaning)
TTU	Torau	batu	batu			vicinity
TTU	Torau	baumana	báumana			name of clan (no other meaning)
TTU	Torau	baupopoto	bàupopóto			sleep talk, sleep walk, cry in sleep				raeni mate ma baupopoto
TTU	Torau	bea	bea			maybe
TTU	Torau	beaka	béaka			run			[AH] [biak M] [‘beaka [‘laufen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	beala	beala			bait			[AS]
		beau				plenty	‘planti’
TTU	Torau	bebea ~ bebedia	bebea ~ bebedia		Vtr	open (anything)			[‘open (door)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	bebeaka	bèbeáka			prepare food for a feast (only)				aniani di bebeaka
TTU	Torau	bebela	bebela		ADV	quickly and easily		def not V; verb complex internal ADV. See bela. "No *bela. belaia some people say short for bebelaia" MM	ST021
TTU	Torau	bebelo	bébelo			butterfly			[bebelu M] [RB] [AS]
TTU	Torau	bebi	bebi			baby
TTU	Torau	bela	bela		ADV	quickly and easily		def not V; verb complex internal ADV. See bebela. "No *bela. belaia some people say short for bebelaia" MM		soo~sobii bela=isala 'He is walking quickly.' lao belama 'Come quickly.'
TTU	Torau	bele	béle			spear		(Mauku no gat – check) (Cyril no gat)	[‘Speer’ RS]
TTU	Torau	besu	bésu			be hungry			[AH] [‘hungern’ RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	bia	bia			sago pudding sago flour			[‘sago pudding (long pieces)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	bibinako	bibinako			floor joists
TTU	Torau	bibitoala	bíbitóala			rainbow
TTU	Torau	bika enelegu	bíka énelégu			calf (of leg)
TTU	Torau	binaka ~ binakia ~ binakadia	binaka ~ binakia ~ binakadia			turn s.th.
TTU	Torau	bini	bini			bean
TTU	Torau	binolo	binolo		Vitr	go around
TTU	Torau	biskit	biskit			biscuit				lao biskit palo kaisia waini solo waini suka ‘go get biskit plus salt plus sugar’
TTU	Torau	bitola	bitola			navel umbilical cord			[M] [AS]
TTU	Torau	blokeid	blokeid		N	blockade
TTU	Torau	boboa	bóboa			hole (man-made, crab hole)				kabúke ena bóboa ‘a crab hole’; inau aguna boboa ‘my hole’ (I dug it); *?boboagu – would mean in body (check)
TTU	Torau	boboala	boboala			its hole (rat, crab, etc.)		(*boala)
TTU	Torau	boboboko	boboboko			round		(*boboko)		bobokoalaova
TTU	Torau	boboko	bóboko			roll dough into balls or sausages when making pisu
TTU	Torau	bobokoala	bobokoala			place for throwing s.th. away
TTU	Torau	bobokoala au	bobokoala au			place for dumping logs
TTU	Torau	bobola	bobola			listen			[moguakabo bulatoro M]	magu ka bobola atoro ‘I didn’t listen properly’
TTU	Torau	boboni	boboni			name of clan (no other meaning)
TTU	Torau	boko	boko		Vtr	throw
TTU	Torau	boksa	boksa			box		(TP loan?)
TTU	Torau	bola ~ bola-ia ~ boladia	bola ~ bólaia ~ boladia			hear s.th. listen to			[AH] [bo’laia [‘hören’ RS]
TTU	Torau	bolabola kokonoro	bòlabòla kokónoro			constellation of 3 small stars
TTU	Torau	bomu	bomu		Vtr	bomb
TTU	Torau	boni	bóni			evening/night, dusk until dawn		(definitely not boŋi)	[‘night’ AH] [‘bongi [‘Nacht’ RS] [‘night’ AS]
TTU	Torau	bonubonu	bònubónu			k.o. mangrove, small and straight, weak when you cut them
TTU	Torau	boo	boo			already				di bo ado 'They already cut [them].'
TTU	Torau	boo	bóo			pig		(not bo)	[AH] [bo-o M] [AS]	boo baina ‘sow’; boo ala ‘boar’
TTU	Torau	boo roai	boo roai			wild pig
TTU	Torau	booboko	booboko			circle
TTU	Torau	boβe	boβe	Bove	PNLOC	Bove
TTU	Torau	bu~busu	bu~busu			hit many times		(*buu~)
TTU	Torau	bubu	búbu			bird sp. (black noddy)		(identified by DH plate 87)
TTU	Torau	bubueko	bubueko			bird sp (White-eyed starling; Mackinlays cuckoo-dove)			[DH]
TTU	Torau	bubuni	bubuni			chop up (trees, firewood, canoe), chop, hoe (ground)
TTU	Torau	buburu	búburu			grass			bubúru[M] [RS] [RB] [AS]
TTU	Torau	buini	buini		PNLOC	Buin
TTU	Torau	buka	búka			betel nut			[M] [RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	bukanbiolo	bukanbiolo		PNLOC	Bougainville
TTU	Torau	buku	buku			book
TTU	Torau	bulubuluu	bulubuluu			blue
TTU	Torau	buna ~ bubun-i-dia	búna ~ bubunidia			chop up		(c.f. adoa)	[‘durchhauen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	bunia	búnia			cuttlefish
TTU	Torau	buni-na ~ buni-dia	bunina ~ bunidia			waist (of body)
TTU	Torau	bunuru	búnuru			be surprised			[‘sich wundern’ RS]
TTU	Torau	bunuru ~ bunuria ~ bunurudia	búnuru ~ bunuria ~ bunurudia			watch				eradito bunuru sadia 'They were watching the singsing'
TTU	Torau	burara	búrara			axe (stone axe for fighting)			[AH]
TTU	Torau	buri	búri			pregnant		(ma buri)	[‘schwanger’ RS]
TTU	Torau	busu	busu		Vtr	hit upper body (with stick or s.th. - must be an instrument, not hand)
TTU	Torau	busu-a-ni bo	busuani bo			club for killing pigs
		buteu				rollers (legs or anything) for moving canoe or anything
TTU	Torau	da	da			1INCPL.POSS			[AS]
TTU	Torau	da	da			1INCPL.OBJ			[AS]
TTU	Torau	-da	da			1INCS.SUBJ
TTU	Torau	daapa	daapa			basket, disposable coconut frond basket		not dapa RP	['basket' AS]
TTU	Torau	daki	dáki			meet, find, encounter			[‘mangi [‘ari [‘daki [‘wir sind uns begegnet’ RS]
TTU	Torau	daki-a ~ dakidia	dákia ~ dakidia			meet find			[‘begegnen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	dakoa ~ dakodia	dakoa ~ dakodia			hit (ball, anything, but not a person), bump with body (of person)
TTU	Torau	dale	dale			coral (generic)			[‘coral (limestone)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	dalo-la	dalola			gum			[AS]
TTU	Torau	dapa	dapa			1INCPL.SUBJ.IRR			[AS]
TTU	Torau	dara	dára			flat round basket platter with handles
TTU	Torau	de	de			day
TTU	Torau	dedeaβa	dedeaβa	dedeawa ~ dedeava		long ago, before, in the old days		CHECK FORM	[kanúa dedeava [‘Vorfahren’ RS]	kanea ni dedeawa ‘man bilong long ago’
TTU	Torau	deni(-na)	deni(na)			frond (coconut only)
TTU	Torau	di	di			3PL.SUBJ.RL			[AH] [‘sie haben… (Perfekt)’ RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	-di	di			3PL.POSS		(see dia)
TTU	Torau	dia	dia			3PL.OBJ			[a’lodia [‘…hat sie gemacht’; a’loidia [‘hat es ihnen gemacht’ RS]
TTU	Torau	dia	dia			3PL.POSS		(see –di)	[RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	-dia	dia			3PL SUBJ
TTU	Torau	didia	dídia			wild taro
TTU	Torau	dine	dine			hiccup
TTU	Torau	dipa	dípa			3PL.SUBJ.IRR			[‘sie… (Futur)’ RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	dodoka	dodóka			groundwater (water running on ground, not strong)
TTU	Torau	dodolo	dòdoló			lips		(POSS is optional)	dodologu[M]
TTU	Torau	dodolou	dodolou			come down (hill)		(*dolo)
TTU	Torau	domala	dómala		ADV	today		monomorphemic - *doma	[dumala [‘now’ M] [AS]	ma súa ‘It’s raining’, su-súa-sala ‘It’s raining’, ta súa “past tense”, pae súa ‘Tomorrow...etc.’, nárola ta súa, narola ma súa (you can also say), domala ta sua patálo magu sasau ‘Today it rained so I wash’ (wash clothes, plates, etc., not self)
TTU	Torau	domala-i	domalai		ADV	these days
TTU	Torau	dooka	dooka			waning				ibau ma dooka 'the moon is waning'
TTU	Torau	dopisi	dopisi			release (of water at least)
TTU	Torau	dopisia ~ dopisidia	dópisía ~ dópisidía			release (of water at least)	lusim			bolt dopisia 'undo the bolt' pa dopisi rausudia 'gem them all out'
TTU	Torau	dosiro	dosíro		PN	Dosiro (a Nasioi group resident in the area around Rorovana when the Torau first arrived)
TTU	Torau	dudutu	dudútu			bump about
TTU	Torau	dukana ~ dukaladia	dukana ~ dukaladia			have gap, make a hole in s.th., canoe, saucepan, anything				magu dukana 'make a hole in s.th.' magu dukaladia 'make many holes in s.th.'
TTU	Torau	dukuu	dukuu			look like				dukúu saumana 'luk blo yu wanem kain', ma dukuu saka 'he looks no good'
TTU	Torau	duuru	duuru		N	waterfall
TTU	Torau	e	e			this			[RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	e	e			POSS
TTU	Torau	e	e		Exclam.	oh!		(see ee)
TTU	Torau	-e	e			SBJ
TTU	Torau	-e	e			AUX
TTU	Torau	e-	e			??
TTU	Torau	eana(-gu)	éana(gu)			sweat			[M]	magu eana
TTU	Torau	eapui	èapúi			coconut crab		(see eaβui - which is right?)
TTU	Torau	eaβui	eaβui			coconut crab		(see eapui - which is right?)
TTU	Torau	eba	eba				olsem
TTU	Torau	eberia	eberia		PNLOC	place on Kieta peninsula where dead people go when they die, according to Torau and other local beliefs
TTU	Torau	e-da	eda			1INCPL.SUBJ			[AS]
TTU	Torau	ede	ede			peep, watch secretly	lukluk stil
TTU	Torau	edeede	edeede			secretly watch "people who secretly watch", voyeur				ma edeede
TTU	Torau	e-dia	edia			3PL.SUBJ			[AS]
TTU	Torau	ee	ee			he, him			[‘er, ihn, ihm’ RS]
TTU	Torau	ee	ee		Exclam.	oh!		(see e)
TTU	Torau	eelo	éelo			sea water		(see ogo, kasora)	elo [RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	eeto	eeto			here		(variant of ito)
TTU	Torau	e-gu	egu			1SG.SUBJ			[AS]
TTU	Torau	eia	eia			these		(no gat, e ia = ena 2 words)	[‘diese (Plural)’ RS]
TTU	Torau	eikala	éikala			no; nogat		(aikala? Check)
TTU	Torau	eina	eina			his, her, its (sg) (3SG.POSS)		#NAME?
TTU	Torau	eisa	eisa			how many?			[AS]
TTU	Torau	eko	éko			be lying down? sleep? lie (i.e. recline); be based (somewhere)	i slip	(see eiko, a-eko-a)	[eiko [‘lie (down)’ M] [máeko AH]
TTU	Torau	ekonu	ekonu			lie down
TTU	Torau	ela	ela			that (DEM)
TTU	Torau	e-la	ela			3SG.SUBJ			[AS]
TTU	Torau	e-la	éla			his, her, its (pl)			[‘seine’ RS]
TTU	Torau	elae	elae			that (DEM)
TTU	Torau	elai	elai			thats it	hem nau
TTU	Torau	elai	elai			one
TTU	Torau	elaii	elaií			many	planti
TTU	Torau	elai-rausu	elairáusu			all, everyone		(but elai rausu ‘them finis’)	[AH]
TTU	Torau	elo	eló		Vitr	wait	wet	CHECK FORM
TTU	Torau	elo	elo			sea, seamonster		(see eelo)
TTU	Torau	elo~elo-ain-a	elo~eloaina		Vtr	wait around for	wait wait bilong hem			ma elo~eloaina 'He waited around.'
TTU	Torau	elo-ain-a	eloáina		Vtr	wait for s.o. or s.th.	wet long	def. applic	[‘warten’ RS]
TTU	Torau	e-mani	emani			1EXCPL.SUBJ			[AS]
TTU	Torau	e-mu	emu			2PL.SUBJ			[AS]
TTU	Torau	e-na	éna			his, her, its (sg) (3SG.POSS)	bilong hem	(not e-la because underlyingly e-la-na) (=eina)	[‘sein’ RS] [AS]	marii ena roga ‘bird’s nest’ kakapiro ena roga 'spider's web'
TTU	Torau	ena ~ eena	ena ~ eena			this		(see ina) (actually ‘that’? – RS gives 2 sg DEMs, e and ena) (“identifies dog, etc.”) (Pira gives form eena in contrast with ena ‘bilong hem’)	[‘dieser’ RS]	ena amata na katoka ‘This village is clean’
TTU	Torau	enae	énae			this, this one			[AH]
TTU	Torau	enele-la	èneléla			leg, foot			enéle-la[M] [AH] [RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	eni-na	enina			this part of
TTU	Torau	ensin	ensin			engine		(TP)
TTU	Torau	episa	epísa			three			épisa[M] [AH] [RS] [‘three’; [‘(ol) tripela’ AS]
TTU	Torau	episa saunu	episa saunu			thirty			[M]
TTU	Torau	episa saunu idai	episa saunu idai			thirty one			[M]
TTU	Torau	episa saunu nima	episa saunu nima			thirty five			[M]
TTU	Torau	episa saunu olomo	episa saunu olomo			thirty six			[M]
TTU	Torau	era	éra			sing (any kind)			[M] [AH] [‘singen’ RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	ereβen(i)	ereβen(i)			rack at top of kabaka for keeping the already smoked fish etc. smoking rack, smoking bed		(CHECK MEANING) (ereweni in lexicon based on texts, with translation ‘smoking rack’) (Cyril confirms)	[Pira]
TTU	Torau	ero	éro			big lizard with ears so can fly
TTU	Torau	erou	érou			go down, descend (tree, stairs)			[‘hinabsteigen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	erou(ma)	erou(ma)			come down from house, ship, truck, canoe, or tree, ladder		(see kerou(ma), free variation)		dipa erou(ma)
TTU	Torau	erua	erua			two			éro[M] [AH] [‘erua RS] [‘two’; [‘(ol) tupela’ AS]
TTU	Torau	erua saunu	erua saunu			twenty			[M] [RS]
TTU	Torau	erua saunu idai	erua saunu idai			twenty one			[eruasaunnidai M]
TTU	Torau	erua saunu nima	erua saunu nima			twenty five			[M]
TTU	Torau	erua saunu olomo	erua saunu olomo			twenty six			[M]
TTU	Torau	eruasa	eruasa			exactly two			eruas [‘few’ M]
TTU	Torau	esana-la	esánala			name		(see isala-)	[AH] [AS] isála-la[i’salangu [‘Name’ RS]
TTU	Torau	esana-ni-mate	esananimate			”death name”, name given in honour of s.o. who died		(see esanala ni mate)
TTU	Torau	eseese	eseese			all of it				boo eseese mu pekoia 'Do you want the whole pig?'
TTU	Torau	esenala ni mate	esenala ni mate			death name		(i.e. Lovinau adopted gani ‘gun’ when his son Rafael died. Raini mate, namesakes, etc.) (see osananimate)
TTU	Torau	e-u	eu			2SG.SUBJ			[AS]
TTU	Torau	eβati	éβati ~ eβáti			four			[AH] [ewati M] [e’vati RS] [ewatiAS]
TTU	Torau	fraide	fraide			Friday
TTU	Torau	gadeni	gadeni			garden		(see gareni)
TTU	Torau	galasa	galasa			mirror				ine lo tirotiro ‘you look down (cliff, mountain, hole)’
TTU	Torau	galo	galo		V	paddle (arch., now replaced by ose)		see ose		galo-a=ma 'paddle towards me' = ose-a+ma
TTU	Torau	gareni	gareni			garden
TTU	Torau	garu	garu			casuarina tree, raintree	iar	(in plate 124, p. 137 of Don Hadden’s bird book)	[AS]
TTU	Torau	garu-garu komukomu	garugaru komukomu					(DH plate 133)
TTU	Torau	gatu	gátu			make feast			[‘ŋatu [‘Fest’ RS]	madi gatu; *idai gatu
TTU	Torau	gau	gáu		Vitr	become alight, be lit		(see a-gau-a)	[‘burn (of fire)’ [‘gao AH] [‘burn (of fire)’ AS] [magáu [‘Flamme’ RS]	udaa ma gau 'The fire is lit.’; udaa gagau sala(to) ‘the fire is alight’; udaa maka gagau ‘the fire is not alight’
TTU	Torau	gaue	gawe			spiders web
TTU	Torau	gaβaman	gaβaman			government
TTU	Torau	gaβe	gáβe			spider		(/gaBe/)
TTU	Torau	geala	geala			k.o. tree, used for funeral pyre in time before
TTU	Torau	geesi	géesi		Vitr; ADJ; N	big be big also N leader			[‘geesi AH] [ges [‘large’ M] [‘ŋesi (one listing has macron and acute over e) RS] [geesi AS]	kokoito isina Chris bario adi anua gegeesi ‘Kokoito and Chris are chiefs of Bario.’ e na ruma e na auru. 'This house is big.' amana geesi 'our leader' (Cyril)
TTU	Torau	geesi	geesi			waxing				ibau ma geesi 'the moon is waxing'
TTU	Torau	gegeesi	gegeesi			chiefs the big ones (of anything, children, etc.)
TTU	Torau	gegetina	gegetina			edge		(no *geti(na))
TTU	Torau	getara	getára			bed bench			[ŋe’tara ‘Bett’ RS] [‘bad’ M(!)]
TTU	Torau	getu	getu			dance
TTU	Torau	giira	gíira			parrot (generic)		(all DH plates 118-130, not just cardinal lory as per DH)	[‘cardinal lory’ DH]
TTU	Torau	gimasa	gimása			coconut shell			[ŋi’masa RS]
TTU	Torau	gira kobakoba	gira kobákoba			parrot sp. (cardinal lorry) (named because it smells bad)		(identified by DH plates 118-119)
TTU	Torau	girani garu	giranigaru ~ gíraŋáru			parrot sp. (green with red breast) (rainbow lorikeet, Duchess lorikeet)		(identified by DH plates 120-121)
TTU	Torau	girigiri-na	gírigírina			armpit
TTU	Torau	gito	gito			already			[AH] [AS]	eta laso gito ‘Hemi tame finis’
TTU	Torau	goaβa	goaβa			guava		(also place near Panguna)	[AS]
TTU	Torau	gogounu	gogounu			as group
TTU	Torau	goia	goia				skinim	(see solua, solusolu)		tadi ariaiti
TTU	Torau	golo	gólo			banana (generic)			[AH] [gol M] [‘ŋolo (one listing has macron and acute over 1st [‘o’) RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	golo kakata	gólo kákata			k.o. banana, for cooking (lit. white banana)
TTU	Torau	goloai	goloai			garden of banana
TTU	Torau	golomane	golomane			gold money (ie. introduced currency) (archaic)		(old people say it)
TTU	Torau	gomo	gómo			hold			[‘ŋomo atoro [‘fest’ RS]	magu gomo; gómo atoro ‘hold well’
TTU	Torau	gomoa ~ gomodia	gomoa ~ gomodia			hold s.th. (in hand)			[AS]
TTU	Torau	gomoai ~ gomodia	gómóai ~ gomodia			hold			kumóa[‘berühren, anhalten, ergreifen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	gore	gore			play; game	V+N		[AS]	bioku ma gore
TTU	Torau	gore~gore	gore~gore			all play
TTU	Torau	goreaika	goreaika			very	planti tru
TTU	Torau	goreaika(la)	goreaika(la)			many of anything				matuala gòreáika(la) ‘many devils’; anua goreaika(la) ‘many people’
TTU	Torau	goβa-la	goβala
TTU	Torau	goβa-la ~ goβa-dia	goβala ~ goβadia		N	saliva, spittle			[goa-u AS]
TTU	Torau	gu	gu			1SG.POSS			[RS]
TTU	Torau	gu	gu			1SG SBJ
TTU	Torau	-gu	gu			1SG SBJ
TTU	Torau	guru	guru		V only	thunder; growl			[AS]	kaukau ma guru; kabu gugurusala ‘The sky is thundering’; *kabu ma gugurusala
TTU	Torau	i	i			see -ai
TTU	Torau	i	i			transitiviser
TTU	Torau	-i	i			??
TTU	Torau	-i- ~ -in- ~ -ini-	i ~ in ~ ini			applicative marker		-i / _C; -in / _a; -ini / _au	[a’lo-i-mani [‘…hat es uns gemacht’, a’lo-in-a [‘…hat es ihm gemacht’, a’lo-ini-o [‘…hat es dir gemacht’ RS]
TTU	Torau	ia	ía			?some kind of relator?			[nimu hanua ia kikina [‘ihr seid kleine Leute’ RS] [ni-mudi ia episa [‘we three (excl)’, ni-da ia episa [‘we three (incl)’, ni-mu ia episa [‘they three’ AS]
TTU	Torau	ia	ia			PL
TTU	Torau	-ia	ia			3SG.OBJ
TTU	Torau	ia ~ iaa	ía ~ iaa			lime (for betel)		/i.a/ (check form)	[ía M] [ía AS]
TTU	Torau	iai	íai			where? or which?		/i.ai/	[‘where?’ AH] [‘welcher?’ RS]
TTU	Torau	iala	iála			fish (generic)		/yala ~ iala/	íala [M] [AH] [i’ala ] [ijalla RB] [AS]	iala magu unui ‘I smoked the fish’
TTU	Torau	ia-la	iála			wifes brother, wifes brothers wife, brothers wife (male or female speaking), husbands elder or younger brothers wife, brother-in-law, husbands sister		(Cms has bakaroefor ‘husband’s sister’)	[Cms]
TTU	Torau	iatouo	iatouo			which place? what place?
TTU	Torau	ia-tuu-in-a ~ ia-tuu-i-dia	iatuuina ~ iatuuidia		Vtr	stay with someone
		-iau				1SG.OBJ
TTU	Torau	ibao	ibáo			full moon, month			[‘moon’ [AH] [ibau M] [RS] [ibau RB] [AS]	ibao geesi
TTU	Torau	idai	idai			one		(attributive, not in counting – see kasa)	[AS] [idaí [‘Stück (klein)’ RS]	idai arisai ‘gather once’
TTU	Torau	idai uikutani	idai uikutani			cloth for squeezing coconut
TTU	Torau	idaiai	idaiai			sometimes
TTU	Torau	ide	ide			cup				idai siamela,; erua siamela; ide siamela ‘one cup’
TTU	Torau	-idia	idia			3PLIO.APPL
TTU	Torau	idu	idu			back of head			[AS]
TTU	Torau	iga	iga			from a long way away		see aga
TTU	Torau	igau	igau			wild (of any animal)		(original form of sigau, sigau new form (RP))
TTU	Torau	igunu	igunu			go into the bush, into a garden, not into a house
TTU	Torau	iia-	iia
TTU	Torau	iirisi	íirisi			edge of reef		(but Medaa isina Maromagara story notes say irisi=dropoff) (definitely iirisi - MM didn't understand when I said irisi)
TTU	Torau	iiru ~ iru-a	íiru ~ irúa		V	put, put it, leave it			[‘(ver)lassen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	-imu	imu			2PLIO.APPL
TTU	Torau	-in	in			APPL
TTU	Torau	ina	ina			the		(actually same as ena?)	[AS]
		-ina				3SGIO.APPL
TTU	Torau	inau	ínau			I, me			[AH] [RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	ine	íne			you (sg)			iné ináu[AH] [RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	-ini	ini			APPL
TTU	Torau	ini-taratara-dia	initarataradia			all of them	olketa	(absolutely all of them, def. one word) (also initaratara-da/mani/mu)	[intarataradia M] [AS]
TTU	Torau	io	í.o			that		"not io, if it was it would be pronounced /jo/ but its /i.o/" RP (AH’s eg’s give ee as 3SG pronoun, as per RS)	[AH] [‘io [‘that’; [‘iio [‘he’ AH] [AS]	iio ena ruma na agisina ‘His house is nearby’
TTU	Torau	io a-di tani-na-rua	io adi taninarua			they two, them two			[AS]
TTU	Torau	io-di	í.odi			those		not iodi, if it was it would be pronounced /jodi/ but its /i.odi/ RP	[AH] [AS]
TTU	Torau	io-di tani-na-rua	i.odi taninarua			they two, them two			[iyodi… AH]
TTU	Torau	ipiri	ipíri		Vtr	change s.th.		(see aripiri)
TTU	Torau	iro-la	írola			back of person, etc.			iró-la[AH] [‘Rücken’ RS] [irona [‘Rücken’ RB]
TTU	Torau	irua ~ irudia	írua ~ irudia			put		(still initial stress, but only one /i/)	[irúa [‘legen, stellen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	irumasi	irumasi			blow nose (only)
TTU	Torau	isa	isa		ASP	IPFV variant of sa		see sa	[aaloa ai sangu [‘I am doing it.’ RS]
TTU	Torau	isi	isi			COMIT (PSTP)
TTU	Torau	isi	isi		V	singsing with panpipes			[manpai-is [‘dance’ M]	manipa isi ‘we will singsing with panpipes’
TTU	Torau	isi	ísi		N	panpipes (of bamboo)			[‘Musikinstrument zum Blasen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	isila	isila			windpipe (in body)
TTU	Torau	isio-la	isióla			body		CHECK form and meaning - = isola?	[AH] [‘Körper’ RS]
TTU	Torau	iso	iso		N	dye, red dye tree
TTU	Torau	iso	iso		V	dye
TTU	Torau	iso	iso			k.o. plant, s.th. like sugarcane in rivers, not edible
TTU	Torau	isoiso	ísoíso			red		(iso = dye V)	[M] [AH] [AS]
TTU	Torau	iso-la	isola			body		(Mauku said = ‘body’ in text) (but not good Torau; it appears that people do say it)		isola ‘his skin’; isogu ma asora ‘my skin is painful’
TTU	Torau	isola kakasu	isola kakasu			be naked (lit. body only)				Bioku isola kakasu 'Bioku is naked.'
TTU	Torau	iso-niaru	isoniaru			red dye from aru seed
TTU	Torau	isuisu	isuisu		V	grate
TTU	Torau	isuisu	isuisu		N	pudding (gen.)				isuisu golo, isuisu sanoko etc. isuisu koteuka
TTU	Torau	isuisu	isuisu			k.o. food - tapioca with coconut milk in mumu
TTU	Torau	isu-na	isúna			nose			[M] [AH] [RS] [RB] [AS]
		íta				share'		(definitely not iita)		ma ita 'he shared' iala ma ita-dia 'he distributed the fish' ma ariarita 'distributed'
TTU	Torau	itaa	itáa		ADV	here (nearby but not immediately to hand, eg. elsewhere in the same house)		(see itoo) (no *eta)
		itaa			Vitr	lean'		(not *taa, must be itaa)		ma taa
TTU	Torau	italai	ítalài			there (not visible)		see itolai. itaalai itala
TTU	Torau	itau	itáu			cooking pot (originally clay pot, now includes any metal cooking pot/saucepan)			[M] [‘topf’ RS] [AS]
		itoio				‘there’		(not itooio)
TTU	Torau	itolai	ítolài			there (visible)		see italai. *itoolai
TTU	Torau	itoo	itóo		ADV	here (holding, within reach, or very nearby)		see itaa (see also eeto) (CHECK MEANING) (*ito)		magu amaloa ‘I think about him’; magu amalodia
TTU	Torau	itu	ítu			seven			[M] [RS]
TTU	Torau	iutia ~ iutudia	iutia ~ iutudia			push		/jutia/	[AS]
TTU	Torau	ka	ka			not (negative particle)			[mangu ka a’loa I didn’t do it.’ RS]	magu ka bobola atoro ‘I didn’t listen properly’
TTU	Torau	ka	ka			1SG.SUBJ.IRR				ka lao mánabu ~ káelo mánabu ‘I want to go rest.’
TTU	Torau	ka~kabako	ka~kabako			area of cleared bush		(final vowel possibly a, see kabaka)		idai kakabako 'one area of cleared bush'
TTU	Torau	kaakalo	káakalo		Vitr	be strong (of wind, tree, man etc)		*kalo (see aakalo)	[‘hart, stark’ RS] [kakalasom [‘sacred’ M]
TTU	Torau	kaakaruku enele-la	káakarùku enelela			foot		(see pita-pitani-gu) (*kaakaruku w.o. enelela or tuala)	[‘foot’ AH]
TTU	Torau	kaakaruku tuala	kaakaruku tuala			hand		(*kaakaruku w.o. enelela or tuala)
TTU	Torau	kabaka	kabaka ~ kabak		N	clear bush
TTU	Torau	kabaka	kabaka		V			(ma kabaka)
TTU	Torau	kabakaba	kábakába			oven for smoking fish etc., smoking structure			[Pira]
TTU	Torau	kabisi	kábisi			cabbage
TTU	Torau	kabu	kábu			sky			[RS] [AS]	kabu gugurusala ‘The sky is thundering’; kábu na katoka ‘The sky is clear’
TTU	Torau	kabuke	kábuke			crab (generic)			kabukei[M]
TTU	Torau	kabukei	kábukéi			crab generic also ghost crab on sand
TTU	Torau	kabukeni	kábukéni			k.o. vine (has white sap when cut)		(poss. k.o. vine – see midi)	[AH] [kabukéni AS]
TTU	Torau	kaburu	káburu			coconut, young, green drinking coconut	kulau		[caburu [‘Kokosnuss, junge’ RB] [‘green drinking coconut’ AS] [Pira]
TTU	Torau	kada	káda			cane (gen.)		(not *kaada)
TTU	Torau	kadaa	kadáa			see		("toru is look")
TTU	Torau	kadeke	kadeke			tell story
TTU	Torau	kadiala	kadíala			be startled, be surprised			[‘sich erschrecken’ RS]
TTU	Torau	kadiki	kádiki			k.o. ant (large brown ant, lives on ground)		(kádiki and mámau are classes of ants with different types)
TTU	Torau	kadiki roro	kádiki róro			black ant (can bite, looks like kadika, lives on ground)
TTU	Torau	kadopia ~ kadopodia	kadópia ~ kadopodia			catch			[AH]
TTU	Torau	kae	kae			1SG.SUBJ.IRR			[kai [‘ich… (Futur)’ RS] [kaimausu [‘sleep’ and lagukaiwario [‘tell’ M] [kae AS]	inau waka nalo fo kiloko kae asoma ‘I will finish work at 4 o’clock’; ka lao mánabu ~ káelo mánabu ‘I want to go rest.’
TTU	Torau	kagomu	kágomu		N	vine, grows in winter, frogs live on, eaten	kaŋkoŋ
TTU	Torau	kaia	kaia		Vtr	carry child or person or bag carry on back		(not also knapsack)
TTU	Torau	kaiau	káiau		N	k.o. banana, for eating, short		/kayau/
TTU	Torau	kaina	kaina				olsem
TTU	Torau	kaini	kaini			type
TTU	Torau	kaisa ~ kaisia	kaisa ~ kaisia		Vtr	take, get, buy, pay			[‘kaufen’ RS] [kaisiam [‘bring, get’ [check] M]	kaisiau ‘pay me’
TTU	Torau	kakabinolo	kakabínolo			spherical		(not flat or like tree trunk, round, or rid pack)	[‘round (of tree trunk)’ AH] [AS]
TTU	Torau	kakabubola	kàkabubóla			disobedient		actually ka~ka-boo~bola or s.th.?	[kakábubola [‘ungehorsam’ RS]
TTU	Torau	kakadeke	kakádeke			story				idai kakádeke ‘one story’; inau kae kakadeke ‘I will tell a story’
TTU	Torau	kakamo	kakamo			diamond (shape)
TTU	Torau	kakamo pakela	kakamo pakela			triangle (lit. half of diamond)
TTU	Torau	kakana	kakána			beach, sand	sanbis	(see nunala)	[ka’kaana AH] [‘beach, shore’; [‘sand’ AS]	kakána amini Rorovana ‘the beach of Rorovana’
TTU	Torau	kakanea	kàkanéa			old men		(see kanea)	[ká-kanèa [‘Greis’ (pl) RS]
TTU	Torau	kakao	kakao			cocoa tree, cocoa
TTU	Torau	kakapiro	kakapiro			spider			[AS]
TTU	Torau	kakarala	kakárala			k.o. wild taro, but eat leaf, shoots, dont eat root
TTU	Torau	kakarau	kákarau			k.o. banana, for cooking, large, curves up like letter C
TTU	Torau	ka-karo	kakaro			??		(see karo)
TTU	Torau	kakasu	kakasu			only		*kasu		nunala kakasu – they used no other means of transport just walking
TTU	Torau	kakata	kakata		N	white cockatoo (Ducorps cockatoo), k.o. parrot			[DH]
TTU	Torau	kakata	kákata			white		(probably real adjective as no POSS suffix with definite N) (see pa’akakataia)	[M] ['cloud' M] [AH] [‘kagata, [‘kaŋata (with macron and acute over 1st [‘a’) RS] [AS]	kakatala ‘That thing is very white’
TTU	Torau	kakata golo	kakata golo		N	k.o. banana		the one in the front of photo of cook house
TTU	Torau	kakata tua-gu	kàkata túagu			palm of hand (lit. white part of hand)
TTU	Torau	kakau	kakáu			cocoa (tree , pods)
TTU	Torau	kake	kake			lift
TTU	Torau	kakoraka	kákoráka			long fish with sharp teeth
TTU	Torau	kaku-a	kakua			break s.th.		(*kaku ‘broken (vitr)’)	[‘brechen’ RS]	magu kaku moi 'I'm chopping firewood'
TTU	Torau	kakumana	kàkumána			heron sp. (Rufous night heron), k.o. bird (cries at night, smells bad, brown with white face markings and long legs)		identified by DH plate 31 (juvenile) - no mention of adult in plate 32.
TTU	Torau	kalo	kalo			be strong		(see akalo)
TTU	Torau	kalukalu	kalukalu			big man (lo taem bipo)		(not someone's name)
TTU	Torau	kamisu	kámisu		Vitr	spit			[‘speien’ RS]
TTU	Torau	kamisu-in-a	kamisuina			spit s.th. out		(not ‘spit on s.th.’ – theme not goal)	[‘bespeien’ RS]
TTU	Torau	kamisu-na	kamisuna			spittle			[‘spit on s.th.’ M]
TTU	Torau	kamou	kamóu			cloud		(see kabu)	[AH] [AS]
TTU	Torau	kanea	kanéa			old man		(see magota)	kanéa[AH] [‘old’ M] [kánea ‘Greis’, [‘erwachsen’ RS] [kanúa dedeava[‘Vorfahren’ RS]	kanea ni dedeawa ‘man bilong long ago’
TTU	Torau	kanibaka	kánibàka			k.o. bird, stop long bush
TTU	Torau	kanisi	kánisi			talis nut and tree	talis		[AS]
TTU	Torau	kanokano	kànokáno			”Singapore” (s.th. in taro family), long sweet potato, k.o. koteuko (in red parrot photo)	singapore
TTU	Torau	kanugele	kanugele		N	canoe (arch.)		original word for wakaasi RP
TTU	Torau	kaomo	káomo			small red mudcrab, lives on land in holes (not real mudcrab)
TTU	Torau	kapa	kapa			cup			[AS]
TTU	Torau	kapimo	kapimo			coconut (half green half brown)		(“= drai”)	[‘coconut (ripe)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	kapisi	kápisi		Vtr	cut hair
TTU	Torau	kapo	kapo			sew		(see kapo-a)	[kapo [‘fish net’AS]
TTU	Torau	kapo	kapo		N	white sea eel, sea snake - white with black spots
TTU	Torau	kapo-a ~ kapodia	kapoa ~ kapodia			sew s.th.		(see kapo)	[kapo [‘fish net’AS]
TTU	Torau	kapokapo	kapokapo			sew			[AS]
TTU	Torau	kapoko	kápoko			Kapok tree
TTU	Torau	kapsikumu	kapsikumu			capsicum
TTU	Torau	kaputu	kaputu			be out (of fire, lantern, etc.)
TTU	Torau	kara	kara			car
TTU	Torau	kara koβi	kára kóβi			bonito
TTU	Torau	karakata-gu ~ karakata-da	kárakatágu ~ kàrakátada			chin			kárataka-la[‘karakatala AH] [ka’rata,kagu [‘Kinn’ RS] [karakatalla [‘Kinn’ RB] [AS]
TTU	Torau	karao	karáo		N	green galip nut (unripe)
TTU	Torau	karata	kárata			bite			[AH]
TTU	Torau	karat-i-a	karátia			bite			[‘beissen’ RS] [‘bite (of dog)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	karikau	kárikàu			k.o. tree and fruit (gira like it)	lavlan			ka lao mánabu ~ káelo mánabu ‘I want to go rest.’
TTU	Torau	karo-a ~ karo-dia	károa ~ karodia			dig (a pit, deep hole) scratch your body			[‘graben’ RS]
TTU	Torau	karogu	karógu			parrot sp. (eclectus parrot - male (green) only)		(identified by DH plate 130. female (red) is tumenu)	[DH - no gender specification]
TTU	Torau	karonau	karonau			like sex
TTU	Torau	karuki	káruki			k.o. fish, larger spotted fish in 2nd fish photo
TTU	Torau	karuratu	karuratu			small k.o. fish, many colours
TTU	Torau	karus-i-a ~ karusu-dia	karúsia ~ karusudia			peel (anything)			[‘peel (kaukau)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	kasa	kása			one		(in counting only, see idai)	[M] [RS] [‘kaasa AH]
TTU	Torau	kasi	kasi		SBD	because		see 'uasaiai'
TTU	Torau	kasibura	kásibùra			large bivalve shell (in shell photo)
TTU	Torau	kasigata	kasigata			sweetlips (k.o. fish)
TTU	Torau	kasora	kásora			deep ocean		(see elo, ogo)	[cassora [‘Meer’ RB]
TTU	Torau	katana	katána			carry on shoulder		(kátana or katána OK)
TTU	Torau	kati	kati			jellyfish (stinging)
TTU	Torau	kato	káto			clear (track/path)		(magu káto)
TTU	Torau	katoka	kátoka		Vitr	be clean, clear			kadóka[‘Hell’ RS]	kábu na katoka ‘The sky is clear’; ena amata na katoka ‘This village is clean’
TTU	Torau	kaukau	káukau			dog			[M] [AH] [kau kau RB] [AS]	kaukau ma guru
TTU	Torau	kaulo	kaulo			sisters sons wife, sisters daughters husband			[Cms]
TTU	Torau	kaumo	kaúmo			small red edible crab
TTU	Torau	kaumu	kaumu			crab (k.o.) (lives on land in holes)			[‘crab (poss. k.o.)’ M]
TTU	Torau	kaunala	kaunala			scrotum		(MM says 'testicles')	[M]
TTU	Torau	kaβaki	kaβáki			k.o. bamboo
TTU	Torau	ke	ke		Exclam.	oh!		(see kee)
TTU	Torau	keasenta	keasenta			care centre
TTU	Torau	kee	kee		Exclam.	oh!		(see ke)
TTU	Torau	keokono	keokóno			axe			[AH] [AS]
TTU	Torau	kerai	kerái			name of a small island off Rorovana		(Pira says must be keraai)
TTU	Torau	kerai	kérai		N	frigatebird (lesser frigatebird)		(probably also greater frigatebird)	[DH] [terrai mariï [‘Vogel’ RB]
TTU	Torau	kerewai	kérewái		N	gecko
TTU	Torau	keria	kería		Vtr	desire s.th.		Cyril says used long ago - unclear as to meaning	[‘begehren’ RS]
TTU	Torau	kero	kero		Vitr	climb down (descend tree/stairs)		(can be kero or kero-u)
TTU	Torau	kerou(ma)	kerou(ma)			come down from house, ship, truck, canoe, or tree, ladder		(see erou(ma), free variation)
TTU	Torau	keru-a ~ kurdia	kerua ~ kurdia			write it
TTU	Torau	kerukeru	kerukeru		N	writing		(agu kerukeru)
TTU	Torau	ketapia	kétapìa		PNLOC	Ketapia (river, and part of coast at river mouth (river called Pinei in the mountains))
TTU	Torau	ketapia	ketapia		Exclam.	(a meaningless formula for ending legends, legends should only be told at night, not during the day, but if they are told during the day you must say this formula at the end or you will get lost in the bush)
TTU	Torau	keto	keto			turn head				mata ketola ‘his eyesight’; asa-na mata ketola mato tada sae=sa-la ‘With his eyesight he looked up.’ (Komakomasa Enelela clause 131)
TTU	Torau	keβara	kéβara			palm with strong trunk used in building, inc. flooring			[‘betel palm’ [AS]
TTU	Torau	kiap	kiap			Australian colonial district officer
TTU	Torau	kiau	kíau			megapode (Melanesian scrubfowl) (k.o. bird)			[DH]
TTU	Torau	kiau(-na)	kiau(na)			egg			[RB] [AS]
TTU	Torau	kieta	kieta		PNLOC	Kieta
TTU	Torau	kiki	kíki		ADJ	small		(occurs with indefinite N)	[RS]	iala kiki, tabi kiki, *ma kiki
TTU	Torau	kiki	kíki			kick				bala ma kíkia 'He kicked the ball'
TTU	Torau	kikideu	kikideu		PNLOC	Kikideu (an area at Rorovana 2)
TTU	Torau	kiki-na	kíkina			small		(occurs with definite N)	[M] [‘khikina AH] [RS] [AS]	na kikina, *ma kikina
TTU	Torau	kikiu	kikíu			wash body but “wash clothes, plates, etc., not self”		(see sasaoa) (magu kikíu)	[‘baden’ RS] [Pira]	domala ta sua patálo magu sasau ‘Today it rained so I wash’ (wash clothes, plates, etc., not self)
TTU	Torau	kiloko	kiloko			oclock clock				inau waka nalo fo kiloko kae asoma ‘I will finish work at 4 o’clock’
TTU	Torau	kimasa	kimása			bailer
TTU	Torau	kini	kini			k.o. tree	kiwila
TTU	Torau	kinukinu(-na)	kínukinu(na)			crooked			[‘krumm’ RS]
TTU	Torau	kiokio	kíokío			bird with blue chest and white around neck		(onomatopoaeic) (not sista as per Don Hadden’s book)
TTU	Torau	kiroi	kirói			sea urchin, short spined		(eaten, cooked by putting in the fire until black and inside cooked)
TTU	Torau	kiu	kíu		N + V	wind		ma kíu ‘It’s windy.’ kíu ma kákalo ‘The wind is strong.’	[M] [AH] [kiuu RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	kiuni matirane	kiuni matirane			wind of dry reef of day time, comes from direction of Kieta, all year round		(That's all - just 3 k.o. wind)
TTU	Torau	kiwikiwirori	kiwikiwirori			outrigger pins
TTU	Torau	koa	kóa			k.o. clam in rock			[kokoa AH]
TTU	Torau	koa ~ koaia ~ koadia	koa ~ koaia ~ kóadía			drink			loa[M]
TTU	Torau	koau	kóau			ashes			[AH] [RB] [‘dust’; [‘ashes’ AS]
TTU	Torau	kobaa(la)	kobáa(la)			not stomach, bladder? intestine?		(MM says 'liver')	[kobáha-gu [‘Magen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	kobonuka	kobonuka		N	k.o. palm, grows in big forest, not near villages
TTU	Torau	kobonuka	kobonuka		N	large wooden tray (not made of kobonuka palm)			[kobo [‘Trog, Teller’ RS]
TTU	Torau	kodoki	kodóki			kokota kokodo
TTU	Torau	kodolai	kodólai			corner of room, small space, nook			kodóla[‘Bucht’ RS]
TTU	Torau	koitoki	kòitóki		Vitr	be lazy			kóitoke[‘träg’ RS]
TTU	Torau	koko	kóko			garden of taro			[koko [‘Garten’ RS]
TTU	Torau	koko	koko			k.o. cane basket, round
TTU	Torau	kokoa	kokoá			drink			[AH]
TTU	Torau	kokoe	koko.e		V	roast over open fire, grill (fish only)			[kokoia [‘rösten’ RS]
TTU	Torau	kokoia	kokoia			roast			[kokoia [‘rösten’ RS]
TTU	Torau	kokoki	kokoki			tree in R2 photo 2
TTU	Torau	kokoleu	kókolèu			thousand		(can’t just say kokoleu – must say idai or whatever, enumerate, on own just means chicken)	[‘thousand/very many’ [AS]
TTU	Torau	kokoleu	kòkoléu			chicken			kòkoleu ála /kòkolewála/ [‘rooster’; kókolèu báina [‘hen’
TTU	Torau	kokolo soro	kókolo sóro			all clams that live on the sound (i.e. not soda mamàku)
TTU	Torau	kokolosoro	kókolosóro			k.o. clam
TTU	Torau	kokonibaka	kokonibaka			k.o. plant, various types, grows among wild taro, used leaves for carrying water before		(*baka)
TTU	Torau	kokonoro	kokónoro			boil		(*konoro) (see akonor)		ketolo ma kokónoro 'The kettle is boiling'
TTU	Torau	kokopau(-na)	kokopáu(na)			thumb big toe			[M] [AH] [AS]
TTU	Torau	kokora(la)	kokóra(la)			anus cowardly			[‘feig’ RS]
TTU	Torau	kokoβoro	kokoβoro	kokovoro ~ kokoworo		outrigger, outrigger float			[AS]
TTU	Torau	koku ~ kokua ~ kokudia	koku ~ kókua ~ kókudía		Vtr	shape (canoe only)
TTU	Torau	kola-i-a ~ kola-dia	kolaia ~ koladia			weave (mat) poke s.th. down with stick, as fruit			[AS]
TTU	Torau	kolokoloruata	kolokoloruata			square
TTU	Torau	komasa	komasa			scrape, shave, sharpen				burumu magu komasadia 'I sharpen the broom (by scraping the sides)'
TTU	Torau	komuka	komuka			parrot sp. - red-flanked lorikeet		(DH plate 123, not as per list)	[‘rainbow lorikeet’ DH]
TTU	Torau	komukomu	kómukómu			snake (generic) (inc. sea snakes			[AH] [komkom M] [ko’mukomu [‘Schlange, Wurm’ RS] [comu RB] [AS]	komukomu namini paparemai, komukomu namini eloai
TTU	Torau	konoro	konoro		Vitr	smoulder (of coconut shell for transferring fire)		(ma konoro)
TTU	Torau	koobaka	kóobàka			hermit crab (gen., including small beach hermit crabs and large bush hermit crabs)
TTU	Torau	kookolo	kóokolo			clam (gen.)
TTU	Torau	kopela	kopela			bearers (beams)
TTU	Torau	kopela-la	kopelala			underneath (?)
TTU	Torau	koputia	koputia			cut with saw, knife, anything sharp also snap of string
TTU	Torau	koputu ~ koputia	koputu ~ koputia			cut up (general) (Vtr)
TTU	Torau	kori(na)	kori(na)			hip			[corinah [‘Gesäss’ RB]
TTU	Torau	kosi	kosi			cut (with a sawing motion, but using a knife, not a saw)
TTU	Torau	kosia ~ kosidia	kosia ~ kosidia			cut (with a sawing motion, but using a knife, not a saw)			[M] [AS]
TTU	Torau	koteuka	koteuka			garden of sweet potato; also more generally garden		(see koteukai)	[koteuka-;koteukai AS]
TTU	Torau	koteuka	kóteùka			sweet potato	kaukau		[ko’teika AH] [koteok M] [koteuka AS]
TTU	Torau	koti	koti			hold a court hearing				di koti 'They brought something to court.', idai koti 'one hearing'
TTU	Torau	kotia ~ kotidia	kotia ~ kotidia			tickle, poke
TTU	Torau	kotiai	kotiai			hold court
TTU	Torau	koto	koto			be swollen (of stomach, not bag)
TTU	Torau	koto	kóto			fall but get caught on s.th. high up
TTU	Torau	koweu	koweu			bird sp. (bush-hen)			[DH]
TTU	Torau	koβeno	kóβeno			wind from NE that (onshore at R) blows away clouds and rain)
TTU	Torau	koβeno	koβeno			k.o. wind, from southeast (from sea, no rain, makes place dry, comes just in June and January; associated with calm sease, white clouds at very top of mountain)		(That's all - just 3 k.o. wind)
TTU	Torau	kuake	kuáke			rat mouse			[AH] [kuak M] [ko’ake [‘Maus’ RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	kuakua	kúakua			frog (k.o., big, jumps)		(AH has superscript ‘u’s, so maybe [kwakwa]) (onomatopoeic)	[AH]
TTU	Torau	kubo	kubo			bend down
TTU	Torau	kuia	kuja			any small shoulder bag			[‘Beteltasche’ RS]
TTU	Torau	kuikui	kwíkwí			grasshopper (gen., many kinds), includes crickets "because we dont know the name of cricket"
TTU	Torau	kuisi	kuisi			bird sp. (Woodfords rail)			[DH]
TTU	Torau	kukau	kúkau			dolphin in groups (jumps with boat, chases tuna)
TTU	Torau	kukurisi-na	kukurísina			finger(including thumb), toe			[M] [‘finger’ AH] [‘Finger’ RS]
TTU	Torau	kukuru	kúkuru			pigeon sp. (island imperial-pigeon), brown bird that eats galip nuts (kept as pets)		(generic for pigeons?) when tibola said it it sounded lik kuukuru	[DH] [‘Taube’ RB]
TTU	Torau	kulukia	kúlukía			skink
TTU	Torau	kulukulu ~ kulukulu	kulúkulu ~ kúlukùlu			bamboo (generic)			[RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	kumikumina	kúmikúmina			twilight (you can see but not recognise)				magu tutunaina ‘I’m pushing it (wheelbarrow)’
TTU	Torau	kuneadi	kúneádi			yellow fin
TTU	Torau	kune-la	kúnéla			tail (of dog, pig, fish, bird)		(see sopiti-na); (Mauku says also of birds)	[AH] [‘Fischschwanz’, [‘Schwanz’ ([‘e’ has short vowel diacritic) RS]
TTU	Torau	kuria ~ kuridia	kuria ~ kuridia		Vtr	scrape coconut				kae kuria kae kuridia
TTU	Torau	kurikuri	kurikuri		Vitr	scrape coconut				kae kurikuri 'I will scrape coconut'
TTU	Torau	kuritoa	kúritòa			k.o. banana, for cooking
TTU	Torau	kuru	kúru			owl sp. (Solomons hawk-owl)			[DH]
TTU	Torau	kurukuruβatuni	kúrukúruβátuni			sea snake with black and blue bands
TTU	Torau	kurukuruβatunu	kurukuruβatunu		N	white and black banded sea snake
TTU	Torau	kurupi	kúrupi			landslide
TTU	Torau	kusisi	kusisi			coconut scraper, sit aside
TTU	Torau	-la	la			3SG.SBJ
TTU	Torau	-la	la			thither
TTU	Torau	-la	la			NOM
TTU	Torau	-la ~ -na	la ~ na			3SG.POSS		(-na / V[+high]__ ; -la / V[-high]__	[RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	la~laa	la~láa			chiefs			[‘Häuptlinge’ RS]
TTU	Torau	laa	láa			chief, paramount chief			[láha [‘Häuptling’ RS]
TTU	Torau	laa~lao	laa~láo			go (redup. form in pres. construction)			[la-láu M] [laa’lao [‘walk’ AH]
TTU	Torau	labelai	labelai		PNLOC	a location near the border between Kieta and Buin. One of the places the Torau first went to. Next to the location Torau itself. Identified by M in 1926 as a Torau speaking village			[M]
TTU	Torau	lae	lae			??
TTU	Torau	lagata	lagata		Vtr	ask
TTU	Torau	lagat-i-a ~ lagata-dia	lagátia ~ lagatadia			ask		(O = person asked)	[la’ngatia [‘fragen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	lagoo	lagóo		ADV	later		In some egs it is away from the clause periphery between arguments - therefore not conjunction but temporal adverb.	[AH] [lagukaiwario [‘tell’ M]	e-na ruma e lago inau kae kaisi-a 'This house I will buy later.'
TTU	Torau	la-ia	laia		Vtr	take, as in time				Taemu mala losola pae laia. 'It takes some time.'
TTU	Torau	laia ~ laidia	laia ~ laidia			go go get them go get him		a conjunction but a temporal adverb.
TTU	Torau	laisae	laisae			go up		(see laosae)		ma laosae ‘he/she/it went up’; *di laosae
TTU	Torau	lalajala	lálajála		Vitr	be married (as a state, not get married)		stative
TTU	Torau	lalasa	lalasa			go in a hidden way, e.g. behind the houses, through the bush, etc.				ma lalasa
TTU	Torau	lalauma	lalauma			come (redup. form in pres. construction)			la-lao-ma[la-lau-ma M]
TTU	Torau	lama	lama			come		(historically ma lauma, but not synchronically)		malama AUX ‘he came and...’; magulama ‘I came and...’
TTU	Torau	lamia ~ lamidia	lamía ~ lamidia			pity			[‘bedauern, bemitleiden’ RS]
TTU	Torau	lanielo	lánièlo			lord of sea		(=turábana)
TTU	Torau	lao	lao			go		(not lau)	[AH] [lau M] [lau [‘gehen’ RS] [AS]	magu lao sakesake; ma lao abani ‘go back’; ka lao mánabu ~ káelo mánabu ‘I want to go rest.’
TTU	Torau	lao	lao			k.o. pandanus
TTU	Torau	lao~lao	lao~lao		N	visitors				idai lao~lao 'one visitor'
TTU	Torau	laolao	laolao			k.o. fruit and tree, red when ripe, attracts parrots
TTU	Torau	laosae	laosae			go up (from village to K + Ms house)		(see laisae)		ma laosae 'She is going up (from village to K + M's house)'
TTU	Torau	lapana	lapana			lantern				lápana oto salato 'The lantern is hanging.'
TTU	Torau	laso	laso			be tame			amealalaso[‘zahm’ RS]	ma laso; eta laso gito ‘Hemi tame finis’
TTU	Torau	laulausa	laulausa		Vitr	cook with coconut cream		(see lausa)		kae laulausa 'I will cook with coconut cream'
TTU	Torau	lauma	láuma			come		(not laoma) (monomorphemic)	láu-ma[M] [AH] [laumai [‘kommen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	lauou	lauou			descend		(not *laouou) (/lawou/)		Ranimate ma lauou 'Ranimate is going down.'
TTU	Torau	lausa	lausa		Vtr	cook with coconut cream		(see laulausa)		kae lausa-ia 'I will cook with coconut cream'
TTU	Torau	lea	lea						TUN024
TTU	Torau	leako	léako			string, rope			[AS]
TTU	Torau	lee	lee		ADV	immediately
TTU	Torau	leea ~ leedia	léea ~ léedia			pass by s.th. or s.o.
TTU	Torau	lelea	leléa			laugh			[AH] [RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	lelea-in-a	leleáina			laugh at s.o.			[‘verspotten’ RS]
TTU	Torau	leleua ~ leleua ~ leleudia	leléua ~ léleùa ~ leleudia			advise, etc. give good helpful words to, expecting good outcome			[‘ermahnen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	lepadoro	lepadoro			go all the way
TTU	Torau	leuleu	léulèu			brave doesnt listen			[‘tapfer, mutig’ RS]	na leuleuna ‘he doesn’t think, goes ahead [with] things, he is strong or tough’
TTU	Torau	lo	lo			go		(historically ma lao, but not synchronically)		ka lao mánabu ~ káelo mánabu ‘I want to go rest.’; lao lo kikiu ‘go and wash’ *lao kikiu; lao lo aniani ‘go ahead and eat’; malo AUX ‘he went and...’; magulo ‘I went and...’
TTU	Torau	-lo	lo			go
TTU	Torau	loa	loa			paramount chief, one chief for both R1 and R2, passes to oldest son (who is different clan), but if wants to keep in clan might marry woman of same clan, or nominate nephew as successor
TTU	Torau	lobo	lóbo			capsicum	lombo
TTU	Torau	lobo sisi	lobo sisi			chilli
TTU	Torau	lokaloka	lokáloka			necklace made of aromatic things (also just the things, as in pisu ceremony – used in customs)			[‘Halsband’ RS]
TTU	Torau	loleu	lóleu			skipjack
TTU	Torau	lolo	lólo			mosquito			[M] [RB] [AS]
TTU	Torau	loloana	loloana			?alone
TTU	Torau	lolobusu ~ lolobusu	lolóbusu ~ lòlobúsu			straight		(check stress)	[lológusu RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	loloβi-gu	loloβigu			chest (man or woman) inside
TTU	Torau	lomoa	lómoa			feel, massage see if banana is ripe press (button on torch)			[‘fühlen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	lomolomo	lomolomo			feel soft		(golo ma lamolomo)
TTU	Torau	lomo-lomoto ~ lomolomoto	lomolómoto ~ lòmolomóto			wet (of floor, anything, body, etc.)		I think 2nd stress pattern is right - 2007	[AH] [AS] [lomóto [‘nass’ RS]
TTU	Torau	loni	lóni			silent, crazy, stupid, ignorant			[‘stumm’ RS]	pau loni
TTU	Torau	losoo	losóo		Vitr	be many				Mosbi anua di losoo ‘Long Mosbi ol pipol i planti.’
TTU	Torau	losoola	losóola			many			[AH] [lusola M] [AS]
TTU	Torau	losuru	losuru			fetch liquid (water, kero etc.)				Tíbola atee pae lósurùma
TTU	Torau	lotu	lotu		Vitr	pray
TTU	Torau	lotui	lotui			pray (V)
TTU	Torau	loβo	loβo		N	capsicum
TTU	Torau	loβo sisi	loβo sisi		N	chilli
TTU	Torau	lukautu ~ lukaut-a	lukautu ~ lukauta			look after		(should be toro)
TTU	Torau	ma	ma			3SG.SUBJ.RL		(*ma soare; ma melatu);	[AH] [‘er hat… (Perfekt)’ RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	-ma	ma			hither		(directional enclitic)	[AS]
TTU	Torau	-ma	ma			1EXCPL.POSS
TTU	Torau	ma rare ma tou	ma rare ma tou			daybreak
TTU	Torau	maako	maako			be cooked				maako atoro
TTU	Torau	maana	maana		INCH	open
TTU	Torau	maaruala	maaruala			be lucky		(di máruala 'they were lucky')
TTU	Torau	mada	mada			1INCPL.SUBJ.RL			[AS]
TTU	Torau	mae	máe			be ashamed, shy			[mamáe [‘sich schämen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	maemae	maemae		N	shame, sensitive grass		(na maemae *ma maemae)
TTU	Torau	maerain-a ~ maiaidia	maeraina ~ maiaidia		Vtr	be angry with		(definitely mair-aina)
TTU	Torau	maere	maere		Vitr	be angry
TTU	Torau	maga	maga			not growing or developing
TTU	Torau	magamagaunala	magamagaunala			when s.o. doesnt grow		(see maga)
TTU	Torau	magara	magára			bow (for arrows)			[RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	magea	magea		V	be very good				di magea 'they are very good'
TTU	Torau	magea(la)	magea(la)			good also means thanks		(used for different things than atoro(la)
TTU	Torau	magela soma	magéla soma			thanks; very good
TTU	Torau	magota	magóta			old woman		(see kanea)	[AH] [‘old’ M] [‘altes Weib’ RS]
TTU	Torau	ma-gu	mágu			1SG.SUBJ.RL			[‘ich habe… (Perfekt)’ RS] [AS]	magu abani ‘I replaced it’
TTU	Torau	magununa	màgunúna			thigh			[magunuma [‘Schenkel’ RB] [AS]
TTU	Torau	mai	mai		Vitr	be shy		di mai
TTU	Torau	maika	maika			common shortened version of numa aika		RP regards this as incorrect, but it's what occurs in RM data and I think in the 2006 texts
TTU	Torau	mai-mai	máimai			basket – flat bottom, sides shallow, with no handle, round (for fish, pisu, etc.)
TTU	Torau	maire	maire			be cross, be angry				di maire ‘They’re cross’
TTU	Torau	mairi	mairi			left (side)
TTU	Torau	mairi-na	mairina			left (hand; leg) area to left of			maeriu[AS]
		maki				‘mark (Vtr)’ ‘mark (N)’
TTU	Torau	makumaku	makumaku			small pieces of rubbish or grit that fall			[Pira]
TTU	Torau	mala	mala		ADV	a little bit				kae mala uaka 'I will work for a little while' magu mala aoso 'I feel a little bit sick'
TTU	Torau	malae-la	maláela			fathers sisters husband, mothers brother, sisters child (male speaking), husbands sisters child, mothers sisters son (female speaking), fathers sisters husband (female speaking), mothers sisters husband (male or female speaking), spouses mothers brother		("uncle")	[‘mein Oheim’ RS] [Cms] [malae-u AS]
TTU	Torau	malagani	málagàni			edible fern (edible fronds)			[malagana [‘spinach’ M]
TTU	Torau	malasu	malásu			defecate			[‘notdurft verrichten’ RS]	magu malásu
TTU	Torau	malonu	málonu			mangoe
TTU	Torau	mama	mama			chew betelnut			[AS]
TTU	Torau	mamaa	mamáa			yawn
TTU	Torau	ma-magota	mamagota			old women			me-magota[‘altes Weib’ (pl) RS]
TTU	Torau	mamai	mamai		N, ADJ	shy		ena maimai; e na maimai; ia maimai	[mai mai ‘Krokodil’ RB]
TTU	Torau	mama-i-a	mamaia			chew (betelnut)			[AS]
TTU	Torau	ma-malae-la	mamalaela			uncles			[‘meine Oheime’ RS]
TTU	Torau	mamamanuanina	mámamanúanína		N	fontanelle		(e-na mámamanúanína)
TTU	Torau	mamanu(na)	mamanu(na)			fontenelle			[mamanuna [‘brain’ AS] [mamanuana 'heart' M]
TTU	Torau	mamanuna	màmanúna		N	fontanelle
TTU	Torau	mamaroa	màmaróa			orphan		(idai mamaroa, but usually tabi mamaroa) (*di mamaroa)
TTU	Torau	mamasa	mamása			dry, completely dried up				atee ma mamása 'The river is dry.'
TTU	Torau	mamata	mamáta		Vitr	wake up			[‘aufstehen vom Schlaf’ RS] [kaimemata ‘wake’ M]
TTU	Torau	mamate	mámate			be dead
TTU	Torau	mamau	mámau			k.o. ant (small)		(kádiki and mámau are classes of ants with different types)
TTU	Torau	mamioko	màmióko			pawpaw
TTU	Torau	manabu	mánabu			rest	malolo			dapa manabu 'Let's rest.' kae mánabu 'I will rest.'
TTU	Torau	manarola	mánaròla			coconut, completely brown			[‘Kokosnuss, ganz junge’ RB]
TTU	Torau	mande	mande			Monday
TTU	Torau	mane	mane			money
TTU	Torau	manekau	manekau			eagle sp. (Sanfords eagle; variable goshawk)			[DH]
TTU	Torau	mani	máni			1EXCPL.SUBJ.RL			[‘wir haben… (Perfekt)’ RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	-mani	mani			1EXCPL.OBJ			[a’lomani [‘…hat uns gemacht’; a’loimani [‘hat es uns gemacht’ RS]
TTU	Torau	-mani	mani			1EXCPL.POSS			[RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	-mani	mani			1EXCPL.SUBJ
TTU	Torau	mani-pa	mánipa			1EXCPL.SUBJ.IRR			[‘wir… (Futur)’ RS] [AS]	manipa isi ‘we will singsing with panpipes’
TTU	Torau	mano	mano			calm (of sea)			[AS]
TTU	Torau	manu	manu			be calm (of person)		[Oseose loloana story]
TTU	Torau	maraabu	mara.abu			plantation		(four syllables)
TTU	Torau	maraela	maráela			long			[maraila M] [‘hoch, lang’ RS] [AS] [maráda AH]	inau na maraela; *maraegu
TTU	Torau	marakopa	màrakópa			small portable altar for sacrificing pig etc. - it has a fire
TTU	Torau	maremare	maremare			k.o. tree on beach, “rain tree”
TTU	Torau	mari	mári		Vitr	have sore and red eyes from too much sun and salt air, especially from being on the sea				ma-gu mari. ' I am sore-eyed from the sun.' mata-gu ma mari. 'My eyes are sore from the sun.'
TTU	Torau	mari	mári		N	sore and red eyes from too much sun and salt air, especially from being on the sea				mari ma alo-au 'sore eyes from the sun are affecting me.'
TTU	Torau	mari	mári		N	k.o. bag, long, for taking things to the garden		*maari	[‘Sack’ ([‘a’ has macron and seems to have accent) RS]
TTU	Torau	mari-agara	màriágara			possum “crawling bird” (not k.o. bird)_
TTU	Torau	marii	maríi			bird (generic, inc. bats)			mári[M] [AH] [ma’rii, ma’ri [‘Vogel’ RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	maromagara ~ maromagara	máromágara ~ màromagára			sea eagle, a large bird that dives for fish		(variation wàromagára)
TTU	Torau	maru	maru			k.o. leaf, used for fishing for luck by men only, put on rod or line
TTU	Torau	marua	marua			middle (?)		(in arimaruala in Tapi Samasama story) (arimaruada etc. but *marua(la))
TTU	Torau	masi-masini	másimasìni			very bloody			[‘rot’ RS]
TTU	Torau	masini	masíni			blood			[AH] [masin M] [‘Blut’ RS]
TTU	Torau	masini-na	màsinína			blood			[AS]
TTU	Torau	masuru	másuru			be full (after eating)			masúru[‘satt sein’ RS]
TTU	Torau	mata-keto-la	mataketola		N	a sideways glance		def. POSS suffix, def 1 word
TTU	Torau	matala	mátala		N	face
TTU	Torau	matala	matala			morning star
TTU	Torau	mata-la	mátala			eye			matá-la[M] [AH] [‘Auge, geesicht’ RS] [matalla RB] [AS]
TTU	Torau	matani uda	matáni udá			eye of the fire (time fire comes up)	ai bilong faia		[‘Asche’ RS]
TTU	Torau	matasaβa	màtasáβa			area between beach and íirisi
TTU	Torau	matasuru-na	mátasùruna			tears
TTU	Torau	matate	matate
TTU	Torau	matate	matáte			emerge; show up; rise (of sun) arrive			[‘aufgehen (Sonne)’ RS] [AS]	magu matate; ogara ma matate
TTU	Torau	matau(na)	matau(na)			right (hand, side, etc.)			[AS]
TTU	Torau	mataβaβana	màtaβáβana			k.o. fish, smaller fish in 2nd fish photo			MM wrote this down. I thought Cyril had said màtaváuana.
TTU	Torau	mate	máte			die be dead			[AH] [‘sterben’ RS]	mà ka mámate ‘it’s not dead’
TTU	Torau	mati	máti		N + V	low tide, dry reef
TTU	Torau	mati	mati		N + V	low tide, dry reef; shallow, of sea or river where it enters sea		(elo na mati, elo ma mati)	[‘reef’ AS]	elo ma mati 'It's low tide (now)'; narola elo ta mati 'Yesterday it was low tide'; elo na mati 'it's shallow' ma máti ‘It’s high tide.’ máti ma táu ‘The low tide is dry reef. (ie. the tide is very low)’
TTU	Torau	mati-boni	mátibóni			dry reef at night, also season when there is a dry reef at night
TTU	Torau	matiou	matiou			low tide			[AS]
TTU	Torau	mati-rare	mátiráre			dry reef in day, also season when there is a dry reef in the day
TTU	Torau	matua	mátua			ready			[‘reif’ RS]
TTU	Torau	matuala	màtuála			devil,spirit (some spirits of dead people, others not), ghost			['ghost' M]	matuala gòreáika(la) ‘many devils’
TTU	Torau	matuala geesi	matuala geesi			big devil, frightens children, some bigger than a house
TTU	Torau	matuala kiki	matuala kiki			small devil, maybe ghost of child and so on				;
TTU	Torau	maukadiki	máukadíki			k.o. ant (lives on particular tree, k.o. kadiki)
TTU	Torau	maukadiki	máukadíki			k.o. tree that always has máukadíki (ant)
TTU	Torau	mauku	máuku			hut				magu lao sakesake; *magu sakesake
TTU	Torau	maunai	máunai			crocodile			[M] [RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	mausu	máusu			sleep		N and V	[AH] [kaimausu M] [‘mausu, [‘mausa [‘schlafen’, [‘Schlaf’ RS]
TTU	Torau	me-	me			??
TTU	Torau	mea-la	méala			tongue			[M] [AH] [me’angu RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	meatia ~ meatadia	meátia ~ meatadia			lick			[‘lecken’ RS]
TTU	Torau	medaa	medáa			flying fox (k.o. marii)			[M] [AH] [me’daa [‘Fliegender Hund’ RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	melatu	melatu			weak		ma melatu; *na melatu		ma melatu ; *na melatu
TTU	Torau	meleni	méleni			watermelon
TTU	Torau	menaga(-la)	menága(la)			fat, grease			menáka(-la)[me’nagala AH] [me’naka [‘fett’ RS]
TTU	Torau	mera(-la)	mera(la)			vagina, female genitals			[M]
TTU	Torau	mesara	mesara			bloodstain
TTU	Torau	metee	metée			coconut (dry nut)		"not mete, if it was it would be pronounced méte but its metée" RP	[‘coconut’ [metee M] [‘metee RS] [meteeh RB] [metee AS]
TTU	Torau	metomo	métomo			k.o. fish
TTU	Torau	metomu	métomu			k.o. fish
TTU	Torau	midi	midi			k.o. creeper that grows on trees			['vine' M]
TTU	Torau	migu-a ~ migu-dia	mígua ~ migudia			bend, fold (e.g. legs, sheets, chair)			[‘biegen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	mimi	mími			urine, urinate			[‘Harn, sein Wasser machen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	mimideke	mimideke			bird sp. (Solomons flowerpecker)			[DH]
TTU	Torau	mimisi	mímisi			red shell money strings of shell money (still used)		(one of three kinds – names of others not yet recorded)		e ina aguna buku ‘this is my book’
TTU	Torau	misimisinari	mìsimìsinári			red		(alternate term for red; see ísoíso) ("from 'missionary' because of red skin." Sounds like folk etymology to me.)
TTU	Torau	mode	mode			soft (of firewood only)		(mai ma mode, mai na mode)
TTU	Torau	modela	modela			modicum, a little bit of s.th.		(*idai mode)		modela patereau 'Give me a bit.' na modela 'It's liklik tru.'
TTU	Torau	moderare	moderáre			morning until about 11			[AH] [AS]
TTU	Torau	moi	mói			firewood			[‘Holz’, [‘Baum’ RS] [moigessi [‘Baum’ RB]	magu kaku moi 'I'm chopping firewood'
TTU	Torau	moiara	moiara			stick with a sharp end for making holes in the ground for planting taro, kaukau, yam, etc.		(no *modedia etc.)
TTU	Torau	mokolo	mókolo			turtle (generic)			[M] [mokólo [‘Schildkröte’ RS] [mokolo [‘Schildkröte’ RB] [AS]
TTU	Torau	mokoru	mokoru			Nicobar pigeon			[DH]
TTU	Torau	mola	mola			canoe (klinker-built)		(see mona)	[‘Plankenboot’ RS]
TTU	Torau	molina	molina			semen
TTU	Torau	momolenu	mòmolénu			green/yellow		(no other meaning)
TTU	Torau	mona	móna		N	plank canoe (no longer made)		(see mola)
TTU	Torau	morita	moríta			cold (of water, weather, anything); cold to touch		(also skin, etc., but not internal feeling(c.f. rorogoro))	[AH] ['soft' M]	rare ma morita 'the day is cold' rare morita 'cold day'
TTU	Torau	moro-la	morola			arse, bottom
TTU	Torau	mosimosi	mósimósi			tomorrow		(‘day after tomorrow’ is arisa)	[AH] [‘tomorrow’; [‘day after tomorrow’ AS]
TTU	Torau	moso	moso			bird sp. (uniform swiftlet; white rumped swiftlet)			[DH]
TTU	Torau	mosokia ~ mosokidia	mosokia ~ mosokidia			kiss s.o.				edi ari mosoki
TTU	Torau	mosuna-la	mosunála			meat, flesh			[AH] [mō’sunanguRS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	motaia ~ motadia	motaia ~ motadia		Vtr	bombard
TTU	Torau	mu	mú			2SG.SUBJ.RL, 2PL.SUBJ.RL			[‘du hast… (Perfekt)’; [‘ihr habt… (Perfekt)’ ([‘u’ has macron and accent) RS] [AS]	mu alobela ‘You hurry up!’
TTU	Torau	-mu	mu			2PL.OBJ			[a’lomu [‘…hat euch gemacht’; a’loimu [‘hat es euch gemacht’ RS]
TTU	Torau	-mu	mu			2PL.POSS			[RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	-mu	mu			2PL.SUBJ
TTU	Torau	mu~mudi-na	mu~mudina			after, behind, the behind of			[‘presently’ M]
TTU	Torau	mu~muni	mu~muni		Vitr	hide, be hidden			[‘hide s.th.’ AS]	magu mumuni ‘I hide’
TTU	Torau	mua	múa			louse			[M] [AH] [RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	mudi-na	mudina			the back of, the behind of, after, behind		(*mudi)	Tapi Samasama story	inau e mudinai kae kaisia 'I'll take it after her.'
TTU	Torau	muko	múko			turtle, similar to ráuráu but head short
TTU	Torau	mumudi	múmudi			after
TTU	Torau	mumuro	múmuro			k.o. shell money, different to mimisi
TTU	Torau	mumuru	múmuru			k.o. shell money		(Cyril has never seen, no longer used)
TTU	Torau	muni ~ muna ~ mun-i-dia	muni ~ muna ~ munidia		Vtr	hide s.th.				golo ma muni 'He hid the banana.'
TTU	Torau	musi	musi			stale (esp. of fish)
TTU	Torau	muumuni	muumuni		N	hide and seek
TTU	Torau	-n	n			APPLIC		(not V, magu lao sakesake ‘I went quickly’, but *magu sakesake, but note APPLIC therefore is enclitic in line 92 of Pira story)
TTU	Torau	na	na					(na soare; *na melatu)
TTU	Torau	-na	na			SG		(indicates sg possessum!)	[RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	-na	na			see -la
TTU	Torau	nabaa	nabáa		V	spear (fish etc.)
TTU	Torau	nabaia ~ nabadia	nabaia ~ nabadia			shoot with spear, stone, etc., may or may not pierce
TTU	Torau	nabutu	nabútu			heavy			[M] [AH] [na’botu[‘schwer’ RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	naepe	náepe			knife			[AS]
TTU	Torau	nakia	nákia			ginger			[M]
TTU	Torau	nakusa	nakusa			fall on top of
TTU	Torau	nalo	nalo			?? EXHST				inau waka nalo fo kiloko kae asoma ‘I will finish work at 4 o’clock’
TTU	Torau	name	name			breathe			[AS]
TTU	Torau	namini	namini			belong to	bilong	(= amini)
TTU	Torau	namu-a ~ namudia	namua ~ namudia		V	taste (food)			[‘taste (of food)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	namu-na atoro	namuna atoro		N	delicious			[‘wohlschmeckend’ RS]	‘taste bilong good’ namuna na atoro(la)
TTU	Torau	namu-na saka	namuna saka		N	bad tasting			[‘schlechtschmeckend’ RS]	‘taste bilong bad’ namuna na sakanina
TTU	Torau	nanini	nánini			large k.o. arrow sharp object used for fighting; big spear			[AH] [nanin M]
TTU	Torau	nano	nano			fly (insect)			[M] [AS]
TTU	Torau	naolo	naolo			feelings; sense s.th., wake up, feel		(see alaola) (au na naolo ‘emotions, feeling on body, wake up’)	[‘aufwachen’ RS]	eina naolo ‘his feelings’; magu naolo ‘I woke up’
TTU	Torau	nara	nára			duck sp. (Pacific black duck)		(generic for ducks, wild only)	[DH]
TTU	Torau	narasa	nárasa			scorpion shell		("But should be called Nárasa, but now they call it narasa. They don't pronounce the 'g'.")
TTU	Torau	nari	nári			Canarium almond nut and tree	galip (?? wantaim diwai)		[‘Tahitian chestnut’ AS]
TTU	Torau	narina	narina			testicles
TTU	Torau	nari-na	narina			seed of any fruit (watermelon, pawpaw etc)			[nárina 'heart' AH] [narína ‘Frucht’ RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	naro	naro		Vitr	be ready to harvest (of yams only)				ui ma naro 'The yams are ready.'
TTU	Torau	narola	nárola			yesterday		monomorphemic - *naro	[AH] [AS]
TTU	Torau	nasi	nasi			cloth for squeezing coconut, term used in Tarara and Vito
TTU	Torau	nasi ~ nasia ~ nasidia	nasi ~ nasia ~ nasidia		Vtr	pull with a rope (fish, car)			[AS]	inau na papoarina nasialai ‘I’m not good at catching fish’
TTU	Torau	nasua	nasua			eat sugar cane chew sugar cane			[AH]
TTU	Torau	natoo	natóo		Vitr	be enough		(ma natoo 'that's enough')		Natoo! 'That's enough!'
TTU	Torau	naβu	naβu			stay underwater holding breath			[‘ruhen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	nemi	nemi			reef thats exposed at high tide	drairip
TTU	Torau	nena	néna			bird sp. (brahminy kite)		(sikogia?)	[DH]
TTU	Torau	nenei	nenei			k.o. tree		(??tharn TP/Eng)
TTU	Torau	ni	ni			associative particle		clitic. stress seems to place it in word with preceding V, but speakers can separate them when enunciating phrases. see amini, namini		kanea ni dedeawa ‘man bilong long ago’
TTU	Torau	nia	nia			mau like thing in swamp
TTU	Torau	niaka	niáka			my mother mother, fathers brothers wife, mothers sister		(irregular 1SGP form. see nia-la)	[M] [Cms]
TTU	Torau	nia-la	níala			mother		(no regular 1SGP form. see niaka)	[AH] [ni’anguRS] [RB] [AS]
TTU	Torau	ni-da	nida			we (inclusive)			[AS]
TTU	Torau	ni-da a-da tani-na-rua	nida ada taninarua			we two (inclusive)			[AS]
TTU	Torau	ni-da ia episa	nida ia episa			we three (inclusive)			[AS]
TTU	Torau	niga-la	nigala			fathers sisters son, fathers brothers son (female speaking), mothers brothers son (male or female speaking), first cousin			[Cms]
TTU	Torau	niganiaka	niganiaka			long ago				niganiaka vito magu to tuu ‘long ago I used to live in Vito’
TTU	Torau	nikama	nikama			?? (archaic word)		(in song from Sugiaiworo story)
TTU	Torau	nima	níma			five			[M] [RS] [‘niima AH] [AS]
TTU	Torau	ni-mani	nímani			we, us (EXC)			[AH] [ni’mani [‘wir, uns’ RS]
TTU	Torau	nimanidi	nimanidi			we (EXCPL)
TTU	Torau	ni-mu	nímu			you (pl)			[‘ihr, euch’ (one listing has macron and acute over i) RS]
TTU	Torau	ni-mu a-mu tani-na-rua	nimu amu taninarua			you two			[AH] [ni-mu a-mu tani-na-rua [‘you two’ AS]
TTU	Torau	ni-mu ia episa	nimu ia episa			you three			[AS]
TTU	Torau	ni-mu-di	nímudi			you (pl)			[AH] [AS]
TTU	Torau	ni-mudi ia episa	nimudi ia episa			we three (exclusive)			[AS]
TTU	Torau	nini-	nini		Vtr	?alone bound form occurring in two compounds only means s.th. like have feelings		Cannot occur in isolation *nini. (Mauku said ‘between’, ‘each other’. Medaa isina Maromagara story notes say = ‘alone’)
TTU	Torau	ni-nia-la	níniàla			mothers			[‘meine Mütter’ RS]
TTU	Torau	niniatoro	niniatoro		N	positive feelings				idai niniatoro
TTU	Torau	niniatoro ~ niniatori-a	niniatoro ~ niniatoria		Vitr, Vtr	have positive feelings, have positive feelings towards s.o. or s.th.		niatoro		ma niniator-i-o 'He has good feelings towards you.'
TTU	Torau	ninisakai	ninisakai		N	ill feelings				idai ninisakai
TTU	Torau	ninisakai ~ ninisakai-a	ninisakai ~ ninisakaia		Vitr, Vtr	have ill feelings, have ill feelings towards s.o. or s.th.		*nisakai		ma ninisakai-a
TTU	Torau	nio-la	níola			tooth, teeth		(see nioto-gu)	[M] [AH] [ni’oŋu [‘Mund’ RS] [nioguraus [‘mouth’ M] [niola [‘Mund’ RB][AS]
TTU	Torau	nioto-la	nìotóla			mouth		(see nío-la) (interchangeable with nonotola)	[‘tooth’ [M] [AH] [ni’oŋu [‘Mund’ RS] [nioguraus [‘mouth’ M] [niola [‘Mund’ RB][AS] [niotou AS]
TTU	Torau	nisa	nisa			nit			[AS]
TTU	Torau	nogolo	nógolo ~ nogólo			giving highest honour to the laa, the practice of giving the first of every copy etc. to the chief to honour him		(seems to be N)
TTU	Torau	noni	nóni		N	k.o. tree, juice from fruit used as medicine for many illnesses, leaves used to apply to sprains and breaks to heat skin and prevent blood clots
TTU	Torau	nonoto-la	nònotola			mouth		(nònotó-gu or nótogu, if 1^st no dropped then initial stress) (interchangeable with niotola)	[nonotó-la AH] [AS]
TTU	Torau	nuba	núba			level ground			[‘Ebene’ RS]
TTU	Torau	numa aika	numa aika			if he had gone, but didnt (past counterfactual marker)		see maika. numa = 'could have', aika = 'didn't'	[Pira]	maika apogu tapae lao, inau kae lao ba 'If my friend had gone I would've gone.' w.o. maika this means 'if my friend goes I will go'
TTU	Torau	numaala	numáala			deep			[lomála [‘tief’ RS]
TTU	Torau	nunala	núnala			walk		(see kakaana) (syn. sobii)	[núnāla [‘Sand’ RS]
TTU	Torau	nunu	nunu			earthquake
TTU	Torau	nunu-na	núnuna			shadow image in photo soul-spirit that leaves bodies when dead reflection		(nunugu not really used for photo, it’s like it’s really part of you, like shadow or reflection) (see poto, pitsa)	[‘shadow’ M] [‘nunūŋu [‘Seele’ RS]	nunu lo toruia ‘look at’; nunugu magu toruia ‘I looked at my picture’
TTU	Torau	nunupi	nunúpi			be dark		V (see mutana)	[‘dunkel’ RS] ['fight' M]
TTU	Torau	nuso	núso			squid			[AS]
TTU	Torau	ŋaiŋai	ŋaiŋai			name of Torau language		/ŋaiŋai/
TTU	Torau	o	o		CNJ	or
TTU	Torau	o	o		EXCLM	oh!
TTU	Torau	-o	o			2SG.OBJ			[a’loo [‘…hat dich gemacht’; a’loinio [‘hat es dir gemacht’ RS]
TTU	Torau	obaka	obaka		Vtr	stab
TTU	Torau	obaki-a ~ obaki-dia	obakia ~ obakidia		Vtr	pierce (with arrow, knife, spear, paper with pen, etc)		(definitely ‘pierce’)	[‘shoot (arrow)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	obobokadaka	obóbokadáka			scorpion
TTU	Torau	obobokadaka	òbobòkadáka			thing like a yabbie, red, lives in creeks and mangrove lagoons, in holes, crawls around at night looking for food, tail like a prawn, very aggressive, can sting, and big ones are poisonous
TTU	Torau	oburu ~ oburaina	óburu ~ óburàina			force in, like pushing a cassava stick into the ground			[Pira]
TTU	Torau	ode	ode			genital (male)			[M]
TTU	Torau	odela	odela			penis
TTU	Torau	odoro, odoro	odóro, ódoro		Vitr	be true, be correct				ma odoro 'He's right.' di ódoro soma ‘They (those things) are very true’
TTU	Torau	odorola	òdoróla		ADJ	TRUE			[M]
TTU	Torau	odoro-la	odórola		N	truth			[odóodola [‘wahr’ RS]	na odorola 'It's true, it's correct.'
TTU	Torau	ogara	ogára			sun			[M] [AH] [ongara RS] [ogana RB] [AS]	ogara ma matate
TTU	Torau	ogara-i ~ ogara-dia	ogarai ~ ogaradia			put in the sun			[‘say’ M]
TTU	Torau	ogata	ógata			return home
TTU	Torau	ogo	ogo		N	wave		(see elo, kasora)	[‘sea’ M]
TTU	Torau	ogo-ogo mola	ogoogo mola			throat (inside and outside)			[‘throat (exterior)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	oi	ói		N	be tired tiring work				magu ói ‘I’m tired’
TTU	Torau	oku	oku		Vtr	call
TTU	Torau	oku	oku			k.o. seashell
TTU	Torau	oku-a ~ oku-dia	okúa ~ okudia			call			[‘rufen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	ola	ola			be on the hook (of fish)		(see aolaia)
TTU	Torau	ola	ola		V	get caught (in net, eg. fish)
TTU	Torau	ola	ola		V	spread out (as wings)
TTU	Torau	ola~olabu	olá~olabu			fearful, timid			[‘furchtsam’ RS]
TTU	Torau	ola~olabu	ola~olabu		Vitr	be habitually fearful				Pa-ka ola~olabu. 'Don't be a fearful person.'
TTU	Torau	olabu	olabu		Vitr	fear (s.o.) be afraid			[AS]
TTU	Torau	olai ~ olai-la	olai ~ olaila			pus, mucus, snot			[‘pus’ AS]
TTU	Torau	ola-la	olála			area between navel and pubic area		(actually olabu?)	[‘fürchten’ RS]
TTU	Torau	olasia ~ olasadia	olasia ~ olasadia		V	open s.th.
TTU	Torau	oloina ~ oloidia	oloina ~ oloidia			push s.th. into s.th.
TTU	Torau	olomo	olomo			six			[M] [o’nomo RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	omado	omado				olsem	(see omano, umano, umado – variant pronunciations, different speakers have different forms)
TTU	Torau	omana	omana				olsem
TTU	Torau	omano	omano				olsem	(see omado, umano, umado – variant pronunciations, different speakers have different forms)
TTU	Torau	ome-na ~ ome-dia	omena ~ omedia			praise excessively overstate how good or big something is exaggerate, but only positively			oméla[‘loben’ RS]
TTU	Torau	ono	óno			k.o. fish, small fish in fish photo			[‘Welle’ RS]
TTU	Torau	onou	onou			look after
TTU	Torau	onou-ia	onóuia			go and see if can help	lukautim, lukim		[ho’nouia [‘denken’ RS]
TTU	Torau	onu	ónu			full (pot, jug, etc.), full to brim with water, kerosene, rice etc (not of body, from eating)			[‘full (of water)’ AS] [maónu AH]
TTU	Torau	oo	óo			yes		(falling intonation)	[AH]
TTU	Torau	oogi	óogi		Vtr	decorate face
TTU	Torau	ooi	ooi		V	be tired				isóogu ma óoi 'my body is tired', magu ooi 'I am tired'.
TTU	Torau	ooi	ooi		N	tiring work (something that is hard work or tiring or repetitive or boring)				na ooi turarema e tadapa ooaida [CHECK FORM] 'It's tiring when we are always doing this.'
TTU	Torau	opi	ópi		V + N	vomit			[RS] [AS]	magu opi; opina ‘his vomit’
TTU	Torau	opi-n-a	opína			vomit up s.th.			[‘zurückkotzen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	ora ~ ora-ia ~ ora-dia	óra ~ oraia ~ oradia			smell s.th.		(MM says oora has two 'o's but oraia has one 'o')
TTU	Torau	ora~ora	ora~ora			smell be smelly		(/oraora/ MM said)	[‘smell (tr)’ AS]	lala ma oraora
TTU	Torau	oro	oro		V + N	pubic and armpit hair (?), have pubic and armpit hair		(strictly wuru is not pubic and armpit hair, but now people use it)
TTU	Torau	ose	óse		V	paddle		RP says ose new word for 'to paddle'. Actually word for 'a paddle'. "'to paddle' where original Torau people came from in Solomons is galo"		kae ose
TTU	Torau	ose	óse		N	paddle			[‘hose [‘Ruder’ RS] [AS]	aguna ose
TTU	Torau	osoma-in-a ~ osoma-i-dia	osomaina ~ osomaidia			throw (anything) throw away		(OBJ = THEME)	[‘throw (stone)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	osom-i-a ~ osomo-dia	osomia ~ osomodia			throw at something		(OBJ = GOAL)
TTU	Torau	ososomo	osósomo		N	k.o.snake - long thin, brown, jumps, very quick
TTU	Torau	ota	ota			place		(syn. amata)	[‘sago’ M]	marií adina ota 'place of birds bilong ol pisin'
TTU	Torau	oto	oto			be hanging				lápana oto salato 'The lantern is hanging.'
TTU	Torau	oto ~ ota	oto ~ ota		Vitr, Vtr	plant
TTU	Torau	oto ~ otoina ~ otoidia	oto ~ otóina ~ otoidia			hang s.th.			[‘aufhängen, hängen (trans.)’ RS]
TTU	Torau	otona	otóna			call s.th.				esanala magu otóna 'I called his name.'
TTU	Torau	ou	ou			?			óo [‘cough’ AH] [‘ou RS]
TTU	Torau	-ou	ou			descend (from garden, from K + Ms house to beach)		(see -uou – check) (-ou and -sae not used for along the coast)
TTU	Torau	-ou	ou			downward				sobii-ou 'walk down' tu-ou 'sit down'
TTU	Torau	oβa	oβa			rubbish
TTU	Torau	pa	pa			2SG.SUBJ.IRR, 2PL.SUBJ.IRR			[‘du… (Futur)’; [‘ihr… (Futur)’ ([‘u’ has macron and accent) RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	pa	pa			IRR
TTU	Torau	pa	pa			father
TTU	Torau	pa~pa-dia	pá~padia			all fathers
TTU	Torau	pa~pa-la	pá~pala			fathers		(check stress)	[‘meine Väter’ RS]
TTU	Torau	paato	paato			domestic duck (not k.o. nare)
TTU	Torau	paau	páau			stone		(ate pauna stone of river (river stone) also head of river)) (minimal pair for lenth with pau)	páo[pao M] [paoAH] [RS] [pahuRB] [AS]
TTU	Torau	paau	páau			wound, injury, sore		(minimal pair for lenth with pau)	páo[‘Wunde’ RS]
TTU	Torau	pada-ia ~ pada-dia	padáia ~ padadia			measure try, test		(mainly ‘try’)	[‘messen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	padala	pádala			slippery cabbage	aibika
TTU	Torau	padere	pádere			roof
TTU	Torau	padu	pádu			k.o. big mangrove
TTU	Torau	padu~padu	padu~padu			mangroves			padupaduai [‘mangrove’ AS]
TTU	Torau	pae	páe			cut nut	pao
TTU	Torau	pae ~ pe	pae ~ pe			3SG.SUBJ.IRR			[‘ihr… (Futur)’ ([‘u’ has macron and accent) RS] [AS] [bai [‘er… (Futur)’ RS]
TTU	Torau	paea ~ paedia	paea ~ paedia			break branch, break branch down from tree
TTU	Torau	paginaua	paginaua			rosewood tree		(in R2 photo)
TTU	Torau	pago	pago		N	batch of mash				ida pago 'one batch of mash', erua pago 'two batches of mash'
TTU	Torau	pago~a ~ pago-dia	pago~a ~ pagodia		Vtr	mash		(*pago as V)		pisu lo pagoa, pisu ma pago-a
TTU	Torau	pagopago	pagopago			mash/pound cassava with pounder in mortar				pisu lama pagopago
TTU	Torau	paia ~ paidia	paia ~ paidia			wrap cover a sore with a bandaid, cover food with a cloth, etc.			[‘einwickeln’ RS] [‘wrap (a parcel)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	painapa	pàinápa			pineapple
TTU	Torau	Paisi	Paisi		PNLOC	Paisi (a place in the Shortlands)
TTU	Torau	paka	páka			my father father, fathers brother, mothers sisters husband		(used for 1SGP only - see pa-la)	[M] [Cms]
TTU	Torau	pake	pake			pumpkin (leaf and fruit eaten)
TTU	Torau	pake-a ~ pakedia	pakea ~ pàkedía			demolish (a house etc.)
TTU	Torau	pakela ~ pakedia	pákela ~ pakedia			one side/two sides of coconut
TTU	Torau	pako	pako			be hot, feel hot (of tea or body)			[‘hard’ M(!)] [AS]	ma pako; magu pako ‘I feel hot’
TTU	Torau	pakoo	pakoo			k.o. wooden club
TTU	Torau	pala	pala		Vtr	fasten
TTU	Torau	pa-la	pála			father, fathers brother, mothers sisters husband		(used for all person/number categories except 1SGP - see paka) (no pagu - paka	[‘paala AH] [pa’ala RS] [paala RB] [AS]
TTU	Torau	pala-ia ~pala-dia	paláia ~paladia			tie up put in jail fasten			[‘binden’ RS]
TTU	Torau	palo	palo			you go and...
TTU	Torau	palo	palo			fasten (Vtr)
TTU	Torau	panipa	panipa			variant of manipa		(= manipa, some people do say panipa)
TTU	Torau	papagi-a ~ papagi-dia	papágia ~ papagidia			search for; marry		def. no *pagi (iala magu papagi, iala magu papagia)	[‘suchen’ RS] [AS]	paa~papagi-o=e-la 'He was looking for you.' Jane pae papagi-o 'Jane will marry you.'
TTU	Torau	pa-pako	pápako			warm, hot (of water)			[‘paapako AH] [‘warm’ RS]
TTU	Torau	papala	papála			tie many things
		papala	pá~pa-la			‘fathers’		(check stress)	[‘meine Väter’ RS]
TTU	Torau	papa-la ~ papaala	papála ~ papáala			short		(na papaala, ia papaala, *ma papáala, ma papáa	[pa’paala AH] [M] [pa’paala RS] [papáala AS]
TTU	Torau	papaoto	papaoto		V	plant
TTU	Torau	papara	papára			some			[‘other’ AS]
TTU	Torau	paparema	papárema			bush			[paparima M] [‘Wald’ RS] [haparemo [‘Wald’ RB]
TTU	Torau	paparema geesi	paparema geesi			forest big bush			[AS]
TTU	Torau	papauka	papaúka			twins
TTU	Torau	papauka bopodo	papauka bopodo			first born
TTU	Torau	papauka lagoma podo	papauka lagoma podo			second born
TTU	Torau	papetema	papétema		V	baptise		(not double e) (ma papétema) (one instance in notes has final 'e')
TTU	Torau	papoari-na	papoarina			incapable, incompetent poor		(really ‘incapable, incompetent’, but also ‘poor’)	[‘armer’ RS]	ma papoari; na papoarina; baina papoarina; inau na papoarina nasialai ‘I’m not good at catching fish’
TTU	Torau	paro-la	párola			feather			[AH] [‘wing’; [‘feather’ AS]
TTU	Torau	parua ~ parudia	párua ~ pàrudía			build a building		(ruma ma párua)
TTU	Torau	pasa	pása			swim			[‘paasa AH] [‘schwimmen’ RS]	ma arapa ‘he went across (a river or a road)’; ma pasa arapa ‘swim across’
TTU	Torau	pasuaboni	pàsuabóni			wind from south, makes sea rough
TTU	Torau	pasuaboni	pasuaboni			k.o. wind, often comes in late afternoon, comes from northeast		("boni = night. Don't know what pasua means.") (That's all - just 3 k.o. wind) (Pasuaboni associated with very rough seas and dark clouds, often rains.)
TTU	Torau	pataalo	patáalo			things, stuff (mass N); something, thing; belongings, possessions (including clothes, laundry, dishes, etc.)
TTU	Torau	patalo beau	patálo beáu
TTU	Torau	patuku	patuku			be blunt				ma patuku
TTU	Torau	patuku-na ~ patuku-dia	pàtukúna ~ patukudia			blunt not sharp			[‘stumpf’ (listed with adjectives so not [‘stump’) RS]	na patukuna
TTU	Torau	patukuri	patukúri			black sea urchin with short spines
TTU	Torau	patulu	pátulu			club			potúlu [‘spear’ M] [AH]
TTU	Torau	pau	pau			head		(minimal pair for length with paau)
TTU	Torau	pau-na	páuna			head, headwater		ate pauna stone of river (river stone) also head of river)	[pa’una AH] [pau-u M] [‘Kopf, Quelle’ RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	pautaina ~ pautaidia	pautaina ~ pautaidia		Vtr	plant
TTU	Torau	pauto	pauto		Vitr	plant				(ui) kae pauto 'I will plant (yams)'
TTU	Torau	pautunu-na	pàutunúna			knee			[M] [pautun’nuna AH] [pautununuRB] [AS]
TTU	Torau	pe	pe			3SG.SUBJ.IRR
TTU	Torau	pea	pea			defecate	pekpek			paelo pea 'Go and pekpek.' bebi ma pea 'The baby has defecated.'
TTU	Torau	peasa	peása			pray ask for s.th.			[‘beten’ RS]
TTU	Torau	peas-i-a	peásia			ask, request		(OBJ is GOAL, not thing asked)	[‘bitten’ RS]
TTU	Torau	peeni ~ peenia ~ peenidia	peeni ~ peenia ~ peenidia		Vtr	paint		(min. pair with peni)
TTU	Torau	peko	péko			want, like, love		(see keria)	[‘wollen, wünschen’ RS]	edi ari pekoi ‘they like each other’
TTU	Torau	peleita	peleita			plate		(can be 4 syllables)
TTU	Torau	peni	peni			pen		(min. pair with peeni)
TTU	Torau	pepeaka	pèpeáka			unripe; raw, not fully cooked (e.g. if taken out of a pot and not yet cooked)			[‘grün’, bepeaka [‘grüne (rohe)’ RS]	iala ma pepeaka, iala na pepeaka 'The fish is raw.'
TTU	Torau	piaropi ~ piaropi	pìarópi ~ piáropi			k.o. vegetable	pitpit
TTU	Torau	pidani	pidáni			earth, ground, land			[AH] [pidan [‘earth (soil)’ M] [‘Erde’ RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	piina	piina		V	shoot		(*pinaa)
TTU	Torau	pikala	píkala			mothers brothers daughter (male speaking), fathers sisters daughter (male speaking)		(RD PL)	[Cms]
TTU	Torau	pike golo	pike gólo	PK golo		k.o. banana, for cooking, tastes like PK chewing gum, short, when you eat its sticky
TTU	Torau	pile	pile			be thirsty				(atee) magu pile 'I am thirsty (for water).'
TTU	Torau	pima	pima		Vtr	block water, dam
TTU	Torau	pima~pima	pima~pima		Vitr	block water, dam		see pima
TTU	Torau	pina	pina			thunder			[M]
TTU	Torau	pinati	pinati			peanut
TTU	Torau	pipia	pipía			rubbish
TTU	Torau	pipia ~ pipidia	pipía ~ pìpidía		Vtr	block s.th., or s.o.s way
TTU	Torau	pirii	pìríi			door				pìríi ma tabébe 'the door is open'
TTU	Torau	pirite	pirite			bird sp. (willie wagtail)			[DH]
TTU	Torau	pisini	písini			Tok Pisin
TTU	Torau	pisu	pisu			mashed banana, cassava, taro with coconut cream, wrapped in banana leaves and cooked in fire or on sabani		/piSu/
TTU	Torau	pita	pita			step on s.th. step
TTU	Torau	pita sai	pita sái			step up onto s.th.				laoou ‘go from beach into the water’; oseou ‘paddle from sea to beach’
TTU	Torau	pita-ia	pitaia			step on s.th. stand on s.th.
TTU	Torau	pitapitaani-na	pítapítaánina			foot (sole only)		(see kakaruku-enele-la)	pita-pitani-gu[M] [pita anina (woraufer steht) [‘Fuss’ RB]
TTU	Torau	pitsa	pitsa			photo		(see poto, nunu)		pitsagu ‘photo of me’
TTU	Torau	po~podo-auru	po~podoauru			young men (lit. be.born-new)		(see abaisa)	[‘young’ M] [‘junger Mann’ RS]
TTU	Torau	podo-auru	pódoàuru			young man, young boy, 12 yrs up until married, puberty onwards (growing beard)		(not as name suggests newborn)	[‘junger Mann’ (pl) RS] [‘young man’ AS]
TTU	Torau	pogui	pógui		V	unclear (of mind) (of s.o. who doesnt understand, or of toddler)			[‘dumm’ RS]
TTU	Torau	poka	póka		Vitr	lie, deceive		(also pókapóka)	[‘false’ M] [‘lügen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	poka-ia	pokáia			lie to s.o.			[‘belügen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	pokopokotua-la	pokopokotúala			elbow			[M] [AH]
TTU	Torau	poloa ~ polodia	polóa ~ polodia			cover			[‘bedecken’ RS]
TTU	Torau	pologau	pologau			ridgecap				ruma kopelala ‘underneath of house’
TTU	Torau	polopolo	pólopòlo			game where one team covers one of their members heads (at least) and the other team has to guess who it is
TTU	Torau	ponde	ponde			Thursday
TTU	Torau	poodo	póodo		Vitr	be born, come into existence			[RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	poodo	poodo		Vappl, ?Vtr	have, belong to				inau kokoleu lolosóla ma poodoinau 'I have many chickens.' inau kokoleu lolosóla poodo 'I have many chickens.'
TTU	Torau	popo	pópo			hornbill (Blyths hornbill)			[DH] [porpor M]
TTU	Torau	popoa	popóa		Vitr	make a noise		(not popooa, poa, no popodia)
TTU	Torau	poporaka	pòporáka			roam around bush (for no particular reason)		(*poraka)
TTU	Torau	poraka	poraka			urueva
TTU	Torau	poro	poro						KNB017
TTU	Torau	poroku	poróku			frog
TTU	Torau	posa ~ posaia ~ posa-ia	posa ~ posáia ~ posadia			break		see taposa	[‘zerbrechen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	posi matau	posi matau			have sense	gat save	(Pira: posi=chest, matau ‘have knowledge’. See notes in transcript of line 80 of Komakomasa Enelela story.)
TTU	Torau	posi-na	posina			chest (outside) (of man or woman)		(see lolovi-gu)	[‘chest (of man)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	poto	poto			photo		(see pitsa, nunu)		potogu ‘photo of me’; aguna poto ‘my photo (of s.th. else)’
TTU	Torau	pou	pou			sea slug (sea cucumber)
TTU	Torau	pue ~ puea ~ puedia	pue ~ puea ~ puedia		Vtr	serve out
TTU	Torau	puia ~ puidia	púia ~ puidia			blow (anything)		(flute, fire, anything)	[‘blasen’ RS] [‘blows - flute’ AS]
TTU	Torau	Puini	Puini			name of clan k.o. long-necked bird on beach
TTU	Torau	puku	puku			my grandparent		(see puna) (irregular form; nowadays people say pugu like they say liagu but it should be puku)
TTU	Torau	pukuii	pùkuií			small bivalve shell (in shell photo)
TTU	Torau	pu-na	púna			grandparent, husbands parent, grandmothers brother		(includes ‘father’s father, father’s mother, mother’s father, mother’s mother, husband’s father, husband’s mother, father’s mother’s brother, mother’s mother’s brother’) (no pugu – puku)	[Cms] [AS]
TTU	Torau	puputu	puputu			k.o. large tree grows only on the seashore, has a nut
TTU	Torau	purai	púrai			long head (k.o. turtle)
TTU	Torau	puraka ~ purakia ~ purakadia	púraka ~ purákia ~ puràkadía			break s.th. by squeezing it				tomato magu purakia
TTU	Torau	purii	puríi		Vitr	fart				Bioku ma puríi
TTU	Torau	puru	puru			comb			[‘Kamm’ (1<sup>st</sup> [‘u’ has macron) RS]
TTU	Torau	purupuru	purupuru			flower (generic)		(now use flaua) (some informants gave purupu – check form)	[AS]
TTU	Torau	pusaka	púsaka			soft		(see pa’apusakia)(ma pusaka, na pusaka)	[AS]
TTU	Torau	pusaka-la ~ pusakadia	pùsakála ~ pùsakadía			very soft		na pusakala, *ma pusakala		pùsakála goreaika
TTU	Torau	pusi	pusi			cat			puzi[‘Katze’ RB]
TTU	Torau	pusisi	pusisi			coconut scraper (seat)
TTU	Torau	pusu	pusu			be rotten, stink (of wood)		(na really seems to be a copula with ADJ)	[AS]	au ma pusu ‘tree is rotten’; na pusu
TTU	Torau	puusaka	púusaka			be soft		(golo ma pusaka)
TTU	Torau	rae	rae			??				Are sama-sama ma raeelala episa sanaa waini modela aewatina apu. 'This rod must be three and a half meters long.'
TTU	Torau	rae ~ rae-a ~ raedia	ráe ~ ráea ~ ràedía			take
TTU	Torau	rae-la	ráela			point, headland, face of person, forehead		(not just *rae when headland or point)	[‘forehead’ AH]
TTU	Torau	raenimate	ràenimáte			take to die
TTU	Torau	rai	rái			afternoon, evening (1 pm until dark)		(check not rai)	[‘raai [‘afternoon’ AH] [rái [‘Abend’ RS] [rái [‘evening’ AS]
TTU	Torau	raini	raini			belongings
TTU	Torau	rakaraka	rakaraka			rubbish		(original term; being replaced by pipia, which is pidgin)
TTU	Torau	rami	rami			grass skirt		(ramiu, ramidi etc.; much laughter when tested)		aguna rami
TTU	Torau	ramutu	rámutu		V	uproot, pull any plant up from the ground including the root			[lamutu [‘Wurzel’ RB]
TTU	Torau	rapi	rápi			arrow			[‘bow (for arrows)’ M] [AS]
TTU	Torau	rarabaka	ràrabáka			be washed up
TTU	Torau	rarama	rarama			clear, clean		(synonym for kataka; every kataka eg. can substitute rarama)
TTU	Torau	raramara	ràramára			light (as opp. dark)
TTU	Torau	rarare	rárare			daylight, daybreak		(see rare)	[‘Tag’ RS]
TTU	Torau	raratou-na	ráratóuna			clan
TTU	Torau	rare	rare			daytime, daylight, middle of day (11-12ish)		(see rarare)	[‘day, light’ AS]	ráre áwa sálato ‘it’s still light (in afternoon)’
TTU	Torau	rare	rare			??			TUN24
TTU	Torau	rarelai	rarelai			"its a must"
TTU	Torau	raremai	raremai			always, every day
TTU	Torau	raro	ráro			widow, widower			[‘widow’ M] [‘Witwer, Witwe’ RS]
TTU	Torau	rasu	rasu			hundred			[AS]
TTU	Torau	ratu	rátu			totem clan		(see notes)	[‘Totem’ RS]
TTU	Torau	ratupauna	ràtupaúna			clan chief, chosen by clan members, may be gotten rid of
TTU	Torau	raurau	raurau			grab with hands in talon-like motion (sand or s.th.)
TTU	Torau	raurau	ráuráu			turtle – hawksbill leather back turtle
TTU	Torau	raurautusiduka	raúraútúsidúka			a large raptor (eagle?)			raurotsiduka [‘eagle’ M]
TTU	Torau	rausu	rausu			be finished				ide siamela ‘one cup’ ma rausu ‘it’s finished’ (i.e. ‘run out of in store)
TTU	Torau	rea	réa			belt			[‘Gürtel’ RS]
TTU	Torau	regeesi-a ~ regeesi-dia	regeesia ~ regeesidia			tear (anything)			[‘tear (paper)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	rerewawana	rérewáwana			hammerhead shark
TTU	Torau	reri	reri			be ready
TTU	Torau	resu	résu		Vitr	tear, break through		(see taregese)	[‘zerrissen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	resu-a ~ resu-dia	résua ~ resudia			tear			[‘hat zerrissen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	reβato	réβato			a graceful dance, no longer performed		(dito revato) (not N)
TTU	Torau	riko	riko			generic for small bevalves (excluding clams)
TTU	Torau	riko	ríko			bivalve (gen.), but not clams when the meat is in (though empty then the shell is riko)
TTU	Torau	roae	róae			be lost			[roai [‘wild’ RS]	aguna torch ma roai ‘my torch is lost’
TTU	Torau	roa-la	roala			wifes father, wifes mother, wifes sister, wifes sisters husband, daughters husband (male or female speaking), sisters husband (male or female speaking),		(see aine-gu, ala-gu)	[Cms]
TTU	Torau	roe	róe			leaf		roe sounds disyllabic	[RS] [roë RB] [AS]
TTU	Torau	roe-bario	roebario			k.o. grasshopper (looks like green leaf)
TTU	Torau	roe-la	róela			leaf of		roe sounds disyllabic	[‘leaf’ AH] [roila [‘tree leaf’ M] [‘leaf’; [‘palm’ AS]
TTU	Torau	roeroe	roeroe			leaves (pl.)
TTU	Torau	roe-roe pepeaka	róeróe pépeáka			green also k.o. fish			[róe-róe pepéaka AH] [róeróe pepéaka AS]
TTU	Torau	roga	roga			nest (of bird, ant), web (of spider)		(default – ‘bird’s nest’) (see gaue)	[AS]	marii ena roga ‘bird’s nest’ kakapiro ena roga 'spider's web'
TTU	Torau	roo	róo		Vitr	fly (of bird, insect, not plane)			[‘fly (of bird)’ [AH] [AS]
TTU	Torau	rooroaru	rooroaru			brown
TTU	Torau	roroani-na	roroánina			wing		(syn. of baela) (no *roanina)	[AH]
TTU	Torau	roroaru ~ roroauru	ròroáru ~ roroauru		V	flood		(atee ta roroaru)		ena ate ma roroaru; ate ta roroaru ‘the river flooded and is still flood’; ate ma roroaru ‘it’s flooding now’
TTU	Torau	rorogoro	rorógoro			feel cold (of body only)		(no *rogoro)	[ro’rongoro RS] [AS]	magu rorógoro ‘I feel cold.’
TTU	Torau	rorosa	rorósa			walk about in the small bush nearby, e.g. to find coconut)
TTU	Torau	roroβana	roroβana		PNLOC	a Torau-speaking village		(site of data collection by M and AH)	[AH] [RoruanaM]
TTU	Torau	roroβana	roroβana		PNLOC	Rorovana village, including amata geesi (Rorovana 1) and sivilnai (Rorovana 2) (largest speaking Torau village)
TTU	Torau	roβoroβo	roβoroβo			flying fish
TTU	Torau	rua-la	ruála			neck		rúagu	[M] [AH] [‘Hals’ RS] [rualla ‘Hals’ RB] [rua-u AS]	ruagu ma asora 'My neck is painful.'
TTU	Torau	ruara	rùára			long, brown snake with diamond shaped head
TTU	Torau	ruata-la	ruatala			vein			[AS]
TTU	Torau	rukat-i-a ~ rukata-dia	rukatia ~ rukatadia			take off (clothes, knapsack, anything on body)			[‘lösen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	ruma	rúma			house			[M] [AH] [RS] [numah RB] [AS]
TTU	Torau	ruma-ni lotu	rumani lotu		N	church
		rupe				‘leave (Vtr)’
TTU	Torau	rupe-a ~ rupe-dia	rupea ~ rupedia			leave s.th.				magu muna ‘I hid s.th.’; magu munidia ‘I hid pl.s.th.’
TTU	Torau	rurusa	rúrusa			fall (of multiple small things off or out of s.th. one by one, leaves off tree, sand brushed off clothes, salt from shaker, sugar from jar, hair falling off head when cut, etc.)
TTU	Torau	ruti	ruti			be selfish/greedy		(ma ruti, na ruti)
TTU	Torau	rutiina	rutíina		V	be very selfish or greedy about s.th.		(3SGAPPL)		mane ma rutíina 'greedy about money'
TTU	Torau	rutina	rutína		ADJ	very selfish or greedy		(3SGP) (*ma rútina, na rutina, ia rutidia, ruígu, rutimu etc.	[‘verbieten’ RS]	tioni ma ruti; tioni na rutina; *ma rutiruti; na rutiruti rutína gore aikala 'always greedy'
TTU	Torau	-sa	sa			SUBJ.AUX (base for POSTV SBJ)
TTU	Torau	-sa	sa			?LMT
TTU	Torau	saa	saa			what?		(see sai)	[AH] [na sa AS]
TTU	Torau	saapa ~ saapadia	sáapa ~ sàapadía		Vtr	cut a living creature (person, animal etc)
TTU	Torau	saara ~ saaraia ~ saradia	sáara ~ sàaráia ~ saradía		Vtr	resemble
TTU	Torau	saarapina ketapia	saarapina ketapia		Exclam.	a meaningless formula for ending legends
TTU	Torau	sabani	sabáni			round flat sheet of metal over fire for cooking pisu on
TTU	Torau	sa-da	sáda		POSSPRO	ours (inc)		occurs as possessive predicate or argument		Ita nida sada abani dapato ana. 'Here we usually eat our own.'
TTU	Torau	sa-di	sádi		POSSPRO	their		occurs as possessive predicate or argument	[‘das Ihrige’ RS]
TTU	Torau	sae	sae			ascend, go up, get on (a boat, also car?) (means go up tree, stairs, from village to garden, from beach to K&Ms house, from sea to beach, from reef to open sea, if you are paddling and dont really know where to, etc)		(not sai) (-ou and sae not used for along the coast)		laosae ‘go from sea to beach’; osesae ‘paddle from reef to big sea, also if you are paddling and you don’t really know where’
TTU	Torau	saea	saea			arrive		(see saia - check form)
TTU	Torau	sagasaga	ságasága			light (as opp. heavy)			[M] [AH] [‘leicht’ RS]	ma sagásaga; na sagasaga; *na sagasagana
TTU	Torau	sagi	sagi		Vtr	pull, also strum guitar, shake hands with someone
TTU	Torau	sago	sago		Vtr	whip lower body (e.g. with stick or hand)
TTU	Torau	sago ~ sagoina ~ sagoidia	sago ~ sagoina ~ sagoidia			top can to get food out, coconut to free meat etc.
TTU	Torau	sa-gu	ságu		POSSPRO	mine		occurs as possessive predicate or argument	[‘das Meinige’ RS]
TTU	Torau	sa-gu	sagu			1SG.SBJ			[in Präsens p984 RS]
TTU	Torau	sai	sai			what		(see saa)	[‘was?’ RS]
TTU	Torau	saia	sáia			arrive (at)		(see saea - check form)	[‘ankommen, erreichen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	saiae	saiae			why?			saiai[‘warum?’ RS]	saiai tadi lauma 'Why did they come?'
TTU	Torau	sakaa	sakáa			be bad		(occurs with indefinite N) (*na saka, maka saka)	[‘schlecht’ RS]	ma asiri sakaiau 'He offended me/insulted me.'
TTU	Torau	sakaa-la	sakáala			bad		(occurs with definite N)	[sa’kaa-la [‘schlecht’ RS]
TTU	Torau	sakaani-na	sakáanina			something bad		(na sakaanina) ("a bad one" MM)	['bad' sa’kaani-na AH] ['bad' sakáanina AS]
TTU	Torau	sakanina-la	sakaninala			bad			[AS]
TTU	Torau	sakesake	sakesake		ADV	quickly		Def. not V. Def. no *sake as V or ADV or anything else.		magu lao sakesake ‘I went quickly’, but *magu sakesake
TTU	Torau	sala	sala			black sea urchin with long spines
TTU	Torau	sala	sala						[tu’isala ‘sein’ RS]
TTU	Torau	sala	sala			sea urchin, long spined		(eaten, cooked by putting in the fire until black and inside cooked)
TTU	Torau	sa-la	sala			3SG.SBJ			[in Präsens p984 RS] [tuisalato [‘(he) lives (in this village)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	sa-la	sála		POSSPRO	his, hers, its		occurs as possessive predicate or argument	[‘das Seinige’ RS]
TTU	Torau	salemu(ina) ~ salemuidia	salemu(ina) ~ salemuidia		Vtr	send				idai leta magu salemuina 'I sent one letter.'
TTU	Torau	sama	sama		V	fish tuna
TTU	Torau	sa-mani	samani			1PL.SBJ			[in Präsens p984 RS]
TTU	Torau	sa-mani	sámani		POSSPRO	ours (exc)		occurs as possessive predicate only	[‘das Unsrige’ RS]
TTU	Torau	samasama	samasama			k.o. bamboo
TTU	Torau	samoa	samóa			k.o. banana, for eating, originated in Samoa.
TTU	Torau	samoai	sámoai			Barracuda, big fish in fish photo	malisa
TTU	Torau	sa-mu	sámu		POSSPRO	yours (pl)		occurs as possessive predicate only	[‘das Eurige’ RS]	ena ruma nimu samu ‘this house is yours’
TTU	Torau	sanaa	sanaa		N	span (roughly a metre, a measure of length measured with the arm span)		(idai sanaa)
TTU	Torau	sanaia ~ sanadia	sanáia ~ sanadia		Vtr	measure s.th.				inau wakaasi magu sanaia 'measure multiple paces, or to the right measurement'
TTU	Torau	sanasana	sànasána		V	measure, esp. if building s.th. (canoe, house, etc.)				inau wakaasi magu sanasanaia 'measure multiple paces, or to the right measurement'
TTU	Torau	sande	sande			Sunday
TTU	Torau	sanere	sanere			Saturday		(see satude)
TTU	Torau	sans	sans			chance
TTU	Torau	sao ~ saoa ~ saodia	sao ~ sáoa ~ sàodía		Vitr,Vtr	gather, gather s.th, gather things together (in largish quantity)	bung
TTU	Torau	sapa	sapa		V	??
TTU	Torau	sape	sape			floor
TTU	Torau	sapu	sapu		Vtr	chase
TTU	Torau	saramani	sàramáni		N	mat			[AS]
TTU	Torau	saramani	sàramáni		N	pandanus			[AS]
TTU	Torau	sasaga ~ sasaga-la	sasaga ~ saságala			be dry (of clothing, dishes, etc)			[AH] [AS]
TTU	Torau	sasago	sasago			tap seashell etc. to get meat out
TTU	Torau	sa-sago	sasago			hit many things or many times		(not *saa~)
TTU	Torau	sasaini-na	sasainina		N	relatives
TTU	Torau	sasau	sasau			wash (clothes, plates, sore, hand, head, etc. - but not people)		(see kikiu) (*sau)	[‘wash (a child)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	sasau-a ~ sasau-dia	sasáua ~ sasaudia			wash it		(see kikiu)	[sasáoa RS]	domala ta sua patálo magu sasau ‘Today it rained so I wash’ (wash clothes, plates, etc., not self)
TTU	Torau	sasauru	sasauru			speak out	kirap nau	(*sauru)
TTU	Torau	satude	satude			Saturday		(see sanere)
TTU	Torau	sa-u	sau			2SG.SBJ			[in Präsens p984 RS]
TTU	Torau	sa-u	sáu			yours (sg)		occurs as possessive predicate or argument	[‘das Deinige’ RS]
TTU	Torau	saubele	sáubele			name of clan		(no meaning ?k.o.bird – check) (Cyril thinks has no meaning, except that sau = 'you')
TTU	Torau	saunu	sáunu			ten			[M] [AH] [RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	saunu-episa	saunuepisa			thirteen			[M] [saunu vaini episa = [‘ten and three’ RS]
TTU	Torau	saunu-erua	saunuerua			twelve			[M] [saunu vaini erua = [‘ten and two’ RS]
TTU	Torau	saunu-eβati	saunueβati			fourteen			[M]
TTU	Torau	saunu-idai	saunuidai			eleven			[M] [saunu vaini idai = [‘ten and one’ RS]
TTU	Torau	saunu-itu	saunuitu			seventeen			[M]
TTU	Torau	saunu-nanu	saununanu			eighteen			[meant to be saunuanu?] [M]
TTU	Torau	saunu-nima	saununima			fifteen			[M]
TTU	Torau	saunu-olomo	saunuolomo			sixteen			[M]
TTU	Torau	saunu-sia	saunusia			nineteen			[M]
TTU	Torau	saβaka	saβaka			k.o. wooden club
TTU	Torau	saβiako	sáβiàko			cassava		(variant of savioko)
TTU	Torau	saβioko	saβioko			cassava		(some people say saviako)	[saviako [‘Manihot’ RS] [‘tapioca’ AS]
TTU	Torau	sea	séa			who (sg)?		(see saialo)	[AH] [‘wer?’ (sg) RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	seadi	seadi			who (pl)?			saialo[‘wer?’ (pl) RS]
TTU	Torau	sebele	sébele			s.th. inside, womans private parts			[‘Keule’ RS]
TTU	Torau	sek	sek		Vtr	check
TTU	Torau	sele	sele			sail			[AS]
TTU	Torau	sese	sese			exactly (suffix to any number)		(in eruasese 'tupela stret' in Tapi samasama story) (no sese in isolation)
TTU	Torau	sia	sía			nine			[M] [RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	sia	sía			small bird (stays near beach)
TTU	Torau	siaka	siáka			taro			[AH] [siak M] [‘si’aka RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	siaka mit taro	siaka mit taro			taro with red and white flesh (”meat taro” )
TTU	Torau	siamela ~ siamela	sìaméla ~ siámela			thing one something			siámeàla[‘Ding’ RS]
TTU	Torau	siapani	siapani		PNLOC	Japan
TTU	Torau	sibi	sibi			charcoal
TTU	Torau	sibi~sibi	síbi~síbi			black		(see pa’asibasibia) (no other meaning)	[M] [AH] [si’besi’bi RS] [AS] ['cloud' M]
TTU	Torau	sida	sída			scallop
TTU	Torau	sidekani-na	sidekanina		N	pointed leg			[Pira]
TTU	Torau	sideke	sideke		V	stand on tiptoe		(ma sideke)	[Pira]
TTU	Torau	sigara	sígara			commit adultery
TTU	Torau	sigau	sigau			wild (of dogs only)
TTU	Torau	sigeesige	sigeesige			crayfish			[sigasiga [‘lobster’ M] [AS]
TTU	Torau	sigineu	sigineu			myna bird sp. (yellow-faced myna)		(generic for mynas?)	[DH]
TTU	Torau	sii	síi			hot, as chilli in the mouth; sting, as in bee or solomon ant
TTU	Torau	siko	siko		Vitr	be dirty				Bioku tua-la ma siko 'Bioku's hand is dirty.' Bioku tuala na siko. Bioku tuala siko.
TTU	Torau	siko~siko	siko~siko		N or ADJ?	dirty			[‘old, worn out (of basket)’; [‘dirty’ AS]	Bioku tua-la na siko~siko 'Bioku's hand is dirty.' Bioku tuala ma siko~siko. Bioku tuala siko~siko.
TTU	Torau	siko-podoi	sikopodoi		N or ADJ?	have dirt on it				Bioku tua-la na siko-podoi. 'Bioku's hand has dirt on it.' *Bioku tuala ma siko-podoi.
TTU	Torau	sikuna	sikuna			ship
TTU	Torau	sikusiku-	sikusiku			no independent meaning - only in sikusikupau place of many stones
TTU	Torau	sikutu	sikutu			starling sp. (brown-winged starling)		(identified by DH plate 217)
TTU	Torau	sinagi	sínagi			trochus shell	lalai		[‘pearlshell’ AS]
TTU	Torau	sinaβa	sináβa			lightning			[M] [RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	sinaβa-guru	sinaβaguru			lightning and thunder together
TTU	Torau	sino	sino			k.o. palm (used to split trunk out and make floors) (relative of betel palm)			[‘wooden club’ M]
TTU	Torau	sio-a ~ sio-dia	síóa ~ siodia			steal			[‘stehlen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	siopa	siópa			bowels?, intestines			[‘Eingeweide’ RS]
TTU	Torau	siorena	siorena		PNLOC	Siorena
TTU	Torau	sipereto	sipereto			bird sp. (brown fantail)		(identified by DH plate 183)
TTU	Torau	sipo ~ sipo-a ~ sipo-dia	sipo ~ sipóa ~ sipodia			pick up, pick, collect			[‘finden’ RS]
TTU	Torau	sipo-sae-a	siposaea			picks up (anything)			[‘picks up (fallen coconuts)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	siri	síri			marlin, sailfish
TTU	Torau	siri	siri			walkabout		*sisiri		ma siri 'Hem i wokabaut tasol.' KNB025 OL242 SUG021
TTU	Torau	siri	siri			travel by canoe, car, plane, ship, not by foot etc.
TTU	Torau	siria	síria			mudcrab
TTU	Torau	siri-a	siria			accompany, come next to		(ma siriau)		Joe inau ma siriau 'Joe came second to me (in a race).' Joe isina Michael inau disiriau 'Joe and Michael accompanied me (walking, in business, etc.'
TTU	Torau	sirika	sirika			either water from kaburu (green drinking coconut) or old word for kaburu (TP kulau) itself			[Pira]	iala magu unui ‘I smoked the fish’
TTU	Torau	sirikia	sìrikía		N + V	high tide		ma sìrikía ‘It’s high tide.’ sìrikía ma gési ‘The high tide is big. (ie. the tide is very high)’	[AS]
TTU	Torau	sirisiri	sirisiri			traditional ceremony, as per menarche or anything else
TTU	Torau	sirisirika	sirisirika			red			[AS]
TTU	Torau	siroake	siroake			betel limepot			siroak[M]
TTU	Torau	siroru	siroru			starling sp. (singing starling)		(identified by DH plates 213-214)
TTU	Torau	sirua	sírua			stick or s.th. for picking teeth or cleaning ear
TTU	Torau	sisidoki	sìsidóki			squat
TTU	Torau	sisimu	sisimu			sandfly			[M]
TTU	Torau	sisiokokoleu	sisiokokoleu			bird sp. (imitator goshawk)			[DH]
TTU	Torau	sisiri	sisiri		ADV	all the way to				ma sobii sisiri Ketapia/Loloho malo lao 'He walked all the way to Ketapia/Loloho.'
TTU	Torau	sisiβala	sìsiβala		N	prayer to ancestors or gods		(see ariautupi)
TTU	Torau	siukare	síukàre			sore on finger or toenail		(*kare)
TTU	Torau	siu-na	síuna			fingernail, toenail (only human)			[‘fingernail, toenail’ M] [‘claw’ AH] [‘fingernail’ AS]
TTU	Torau	siβala ~ sisiaβala	siβala ~ sisiaβala			sacrifice, offering			[‘Opfer’ RS]
TTU	Torau	siβana ~ siβaladia	siβana ~ siβaladia		Vtr	pray to ancestor or god also sacrifice to, make sacrifice to ancestors		(*siva)
TTU	Torau	siβilnai	siβìlnái			Torau name for Rorovana 2 (no other meaning)
TTU	Torau	siβu	siβu			abandoned village site
TTU	Torau	soarani ketapia	soarani ketapia		Exclam.	a meaningless formula for ending legends, legends should only be told at night, not during the day, but if they are told during the day you must say this formula at the end or you will get lost in the bush
TTU	Torau	soare	soare			infertile (usually only of woman)		(ta soare; na soare; *ma soare)
TTU	Torau	sobii	sobii			walk			[M]	magu sobii atikiai ‘I walked slowly’; sobii sai ‘walk up (hill, or from village to house of K+ M)’; kae sobii sai rumai ‘I’m going to go up to the house’
TTU	Torau	sobii-ou	sobiiou			go down
TTU	Torau	sodi	sodi		N	every time
TTU	Torau	sodi ~ sodi-a ~ sodi-dia	sodi ~ sodía ~ sodidia		V	count			[RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	sola	sola			be pregnant (euphemism in front of small children)
TTU	Torau	sola	sola			take
TTU	Torau	sola-ia(-ma) ~ sola-dia	soláia(ma) ~ soladia			bring, get			[soleiem M] [‘bringen’ RS]	soladiama 'bring them all' soladiala
TTU	Torau	sola-pa-i ~ sola-pa-dia	solapai ~ solapadia			take away			[‘take’ M]
TTU	Torau	solo	solo			salt			[AS]	lao biskit palo kaisia waini solo waini suka ‘go get biskit plus salt plus sugar’
TTU	Torau	solomon	solomon		PNLOC	Solomons
TTU	Torau	solu~solu	solu~solu				skinim	(see solua, goia)		odelo ma solua ‘masturbate’
TTU	Torau	solua	solua			masturbate	skinim	(see goia, solusolu) (no female equivalent for masturbate according to Joe – maybe women know some word)		odeu goia ‘skinim kok bilong you’
TTU	Torau	soma	soma			intensifier				boni atoro soma ‘good night’ ‘Gud naet tru’; di ódoro soma ‘They (those things) are very true’
TTU	Torau	soma	soma		Vitr	be finished				ta-di soma 'It is finished.' WWII061
TTU	Torau	someala	sòmeála			k.o. fish, porcupine fish
TTU	Torau	sonera	sónera			k.o. edible shell, like kodóbi but smaller		(variant of soŋera)
TTU	Torau	soŋera	sóŋera			k.o. edible shell, like kodóbi but smaller		(variant of sonera)
TTU	Torau	sopasopa	sòpasópa			pandanus, not used as umbrella (but you wear it, as Mauku is in photo)
TTU	Torau	sope ~ sopea ~ sopedia	sope ~ sopea ~ sopedia		Vtr	uncover (pot, food with cover, open book
TTU	Torau	sopiti-na	sopítina			birds tail but usually coccyx of person		(see kune-la)	[AH]’
TTU	Torau	soree	sorée			dance with panpipes			sóre [‘dance’ AH]
TTU	Torau	soro	soro		N	??			WWII001
TTU	Torau	soso	soso			middle
		soso				pick your way through between narrow areas, branches or fronds of treepalm, buildings, parts of river or swamp'
TTU	Torau	sosoboni	sósobòni			big night		(also boni geesi)	sósobòngi[‘Mitternacht’ RS]
TTU	Torau	sosola	sosola		N	inside
TTU	Torau	sosopeni	sosopeni			saucepan
TTU	Torau	sou	sou			egret sp. (reef egret)		(generic for egrets?)	[DH]
TTU	Torau	stati	stati		V	start
TTU	Torau	su	su			dive			[AS]
TTU	Torau	sua	súa		N + V	rain		(see apoh/opoh) ma súa ‘It’s raining.’ sù-suá-sa-la ‘It’s raining.’ súa ma kákalo ‘The rain is strong.’	[M] [AH] [RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	sudaka	sudaka			soil			[‘mud’ M]
TTU	Torau	sugi	súgi			green lizard in tree (big) (green monster)
TTU	Torau	sui	súi			rainbow runner
TTU	Torau	su-ia ~ sudia	súia ~ sudia			submerge, sink			[‘eintauchen’, [‘habe untergetaucht’ RS]
TTU	Torau	suka	suka			sugar				lao biskit palo kaisia waini solo waini suka ‘go get biskit plus salt plus sugar’
TTU	Torau	suke	suke			bird sp. (purple swamphen)			[DH]
TTU	Torau	suma-la	sumála			bone		(also na suma ‘he is tough’)	[M] [AH] [RS] [‘skull’; [‘bone’ AS]
TTU	Torau	sunala	sunala		N	some		(*suna)
TTU	Torau	suru ~ suruia ~ suruidia	suru ~ suruia ~ suruidia			have on lap		(irregular paradigm - details in grammar)		magu suruio 'have you on my lap'
TTU	Torau	susu	susu			breast			[M] [AS]
TTU	Torau	susu-na	susúna			breast			[AH] [‘weibliche Brust’ RS] [‘Brust (weibl.)’ RB]
TTU	Torau	suu	súu			be submerged		(not sink) (see utupu)	[‘bin untergetaucht, untergesunken’ RS]	ma suu 'He dived down.'
TTU	Torau	suuru	suuru			soup, water collection in canoe or boat
TTU	Torau	ta	ta			PRF.3SGS
TTU	Torau	ta	ta			PRF		(“Ta is past tense, like yesterday” Mauku); (ta soare)
TTU	Torau	taa ~ taaia ~ taadia	taa ~ táaia ~ tàadía		Vitr, Vtr	lean, lean on s.th.		(magu taa 'I'm leaning')		siaai magu taa 'I'm leaning on the chair.'; sia magu taaia 'I'm leaning on the chair.'
TTU	Torau	taaba	taaba			come to shore				ma taaba
TTU	Torau	tabe-a ~ tabe-dia	tabéa ~ tabedia		Vtr	answer, say yes, answer with anything except no, respond in conversation		(if they ask your name and you tell them that is tabe)	[‘antworten’ RS]	mu ka taatabe 'You didn't say yes'; 'You didn't answer (say anything)'
TTU	Torau	tabebe	tabébe			be open				pìríi ma tabébe 'the door is open'
TTU	Torau	tabi	tabi		N	child (not baby)		(Pira also says taabi) (see barala)	[M] [AS]	idai taabi ‘one child’
TTU	Torau	tabi-ala	tabíala		N	boy (lit. child-man)			[AH] [tabialla [‘son’ M]
TTU	Torau	tabi-baina	tabibaina		N	girl (lit. child-woman)			[AH] [‘daughter’ M]
TTU	Torau	tabi-kiki	tabikíki		N	baby (lit. child-small)			[AH]
TTU	Torau	tabilu	tabílu		N	cone-shaped mortar for mashing banana, taro, cassava, for making pisu etc		(check range)	[‘Mörser’ RS]
TTU	Torau	tabiru	tabiru		Vitr	turn around			[‘turn (himself around)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	tabu	tabu			tabu	tambu		[‘heilig, verboten’ RS]
TTU	Torau	tada	tada		V	look up		(see tatada) (from field notebook, but elsewhere in fieldnotes *tada)	[Pira]
TTU	Torau	tae ~ taea ~ taedia	tae ~ taea ~ taedia			gesture or signal (with flag etc.) to attract attention				PMV magu taea arema akala. 'I flagged down a PMV and it stopped.'
TTU	Torau	taelai	taelai			there		(synchronically ita-elai?)		bebi taelai ma tuusae 'Baby is sitting on his pekpek.'
TTU	Torau	taemu	taemu			time
TTU	Torau	tagaa	tagáa		N	k.o. banana, for cooking, long and fat
TTU	Torau	tagara	tagara		V	float, drift				wakasi ma tagara ‘canoe is drifting’; wakasi di tatagara ‘many canoes are drifting’
TTU	Torau	tage	tage		N	k.o. fish “big mouth”
TTU	Torau	tagetageasita	tagetageasita		N	remora (or some such)
TTU	Torau	tagitagi	tágitági		N	k.o. clam in rock
TTU	Torau	taitairi	taitáiri		N	womans net bag			[AH]
TTU	Torau	taiti	taiti			help
TTU	Torau	taitia ~ taitidia	taitia ~ taitidia			help s.o.			taitai[M]
TTU	Torau	ta-kaku	takaku		Vitr	break (inchoative)		See kaku. Not clear whether ta- synchronically productive, so may be synchroincally monomorphemic.	OL290
TTU	Torau	takarau	tákaráu		Vitr	be rusty				daramu ta takarau 'the drum is rusty'
TTU	Torau	talaa	táláa			oil			tála[‘Öl’ RS] [talla [‘Öl’ RB]
TTU	Torau	talai-la ~ talai-dia	talaila ~ talaidia		N	euphemism for male genitals
TTU	Torau	talakia ~ talakadia	tálakìa ~ talakadia		Vtr	boil in a very large pot (boil a pot, not the food)		DO is cooking vessel, not food. Stress def. right.
TTU	Torau	talapala	tálapàla		N	easy thing		def. initial primary stress
TTU	Torau	tale	tale		Vitr	lean				ena metee na tale, ena metee ma tale
TTU	Torau	tamadi	támadi			provisions for journey, outing			[‘Proviant’ RS]
TTU	Torau	tamato	tamato			tomato
TTU	Torau	tameau	tameau			k.o. fish, red emperor
TTU	Torau	tana-la	tánala			ear			[tanada AH] [M] [RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	tanama	tanama			outrigger boom			[AS]
TTU	Torau	tanatapi	tanatapi			disobedient be strong willed	bighed
TTU	Torau	tanatia ~ tanatadia	tanátia ~ tanatadia			look for			[‘sorgen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	tane-la	tánela			owner			[‘taanela [‘Eigentümer’ (sg) taanedia [‘Eigentümer’ (pl) RS]
TTU	Torau	tani-	tani		N	pair
TTU	Torau	tani-apo-la	taniapola			two friends
TTU	Torau	tani-atu-na	taniatuna			family
TTU	Torau	tani-na-rua	taninarua			pair of two			[AH] [ni-mu a-mu tani-na-rua [‘you two’; ni-da ada taninarua [‘we two (exclusive)’ io a-di tani-na-rua [‘they two, them two’ AS]
TTU	Torau	tani-nia-la	taniniala			mother and daughter or son
TTU	Torau	tani-pa-la	tanipala			father and son or daughter			[‘family’ Cms]
TTU	Torau	taniri	taníri			mackerel
TTU	Torau	tanisi ~ tanisi	tanísi ~ tánisi			cry			[tatanisi AS] [‘weinen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	tanisi-a ~ tanisidia	tanísia ~ tanisidia			cry about s.th./s.o.			[‘beweinen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	tanooa ~ tanoodia	tanooa ~ tanoodia		Vtr	sell		(no way of making THM D.O., only RECIP as I.O.) - not clear if this note refers to tanooa or tatanoo)
TTU	Torau	tanootanoo	tanootanoo		Vitr	sell		(*tanootanooa/dia)
TTU	Torau	tanotanooala	tánotàno.oála		N	store, market		lit. 'hap bilong baim samting'
TTU	Torau	taolo	taolo		ADV	also, again, still (general ADV)
TTU	Torau	taona	taona			again		(*magu/mu taona) (not V) (must follow V - alotaona etc.)	[alotaona AS]
TTU	Torau	tapa	tapa			bark clothing (the snake tápa has a similar design)
TTU	Torau	tapa	tápa			short brown snake (fat, has similar design to tapa bark clothing)
TTU	Torau	tapeara	tápeára		V	break apart, as when a coconut breaks in half		see taposa
TTU	Torau	tapi ~ tapia ~ tapidia	tapi ~ tapia ~ tapidia		V	cut
TTU	Torau	tapo	tápo			get into game, group, etc., chicken joining group		(see atapo) (must have animate SBJ)		Tibola goreai ma tapo 'Tibola went into the game'
TTU	Torau	tapodia	tápodía			combined with		(*ma tapodia - definitely not verb here)		golo tápodía siaka lagoo pisu kae aloa 'Banana combined with taro and I make pisu.'
TTU	Torau	tapogara	tapogara		Vitr	break (of bamboo only)		(“special word for way bamboo breaks” Mauku)
TTU	Torau	ta-posa	táposa		Vitr	crack, break without coming apart		see tapeara.
TTU	Torau	tara	tara		N	sake
TTU	Torau	tara	tara			?all
TTU	Torau	tara	tára			war, battle			[‘Krieg’ RS]
TTU	Torau	tara-dia	taradia			fight them
TTU	Torau	tarara	tarara		PNLOC	Tarara (Torau speaking village)			[a village identified by M as Torau speaking]
TTU	Torau	taratara	taratara			be numerous (of people)				tadi taratara 'They have/are many people (e.g., in family)'
TTU	Torau	ta-regese	taregese			be torn		(see resu-a)
TTU	Torau	tari	tári			k.o. banana (in red parrot photo)
TTU	Torau	tata	tata			brother
TTU	Torau	tatabana ~ tatabana	tatábana ~ tátabána			flat and wide (eg.of path or river, not wide of eg. person)			[‘wide (of path)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	tatada	tatáda		Vitr, N	dream		(see tada)	[RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	tatada-ia ~ tatada-dia	tatadaia ~ tatadadia		Vtr	dream about s.th.
TTU	Torau	tatae	tatáe		N	shit, excrement		(tae, but taela, tataela)	[‘Kot’ RS]
TTU	Torau	tatagara	tátagàra		Vitr	drift
TTU	Torau	tatalaia ~ tatalai-dia	tatalaia ~ tatalaidia		Vtr	face s.th. or s.o.		*talai
TTU	Torau	tatamu	tatámu			feed (vitr) (of animal and also...)			[‘speisen (intr.)’ RS]
TTU	Torau	tatanoo	tatanoo		Vitr	sell		(no way of making THM D.O., only RECIP as I.O.) - not clear if this note refers to tanooa or tatanoo)		bia ma tatanoo
TTU	Torau	tatau	tatáu			follow		(magu tatau-a magu tatau-dia *tatau TR only)
TTU	Torau	tataua ~ tataudia	tatáua ~ tataudia			follow s.o.			[‘folgen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	tatauola	tatauola			I'll follow you later
TTU	Torau	tato-	tato
TTU	Torau	tau	táu			k.o. stones (used in ground oven)
TTU	Torau	tauna	táuna			road, path			[AH] [RS] [AS]	tauna ma tavidoko
TTU	Torau	taurasa	taurasa		Vitr	shatter, “smash like glass” a wave breaking		(must result in many pieces spreading out)	[Pira]
TTU	Torau	tausau	táusau			be careful		(ma táusau)
TTU	Torau	tautauala	taùtaúala			stone oven	place bilong mekim mumu		[tautauuola M]
TTU	Torau	tautauu	tàutáuu		V + N	cook in ground oven; ground oven	mumu	(/tau.tau.u/)
TTU	Torau	tauu	táuu					máti ma táu ‘The low tide is dry reef. (ie. the tide is very low)’
TTU	Torau	taβala	taβala		ADV	without purpose		(not a V – no *di tavala etc.)		di tuu tavala 'oli stop waiting'
TTU	Torau	taβidoko	táβidoko			slippery			[‘glatt’ RS]	ma tavidoko; tauna ma tavidoko
TTU	Torau	te-	te			PRF
TTU	Torau	teaβi	teáβi			wilderness big forest uncut forest			[teávui [‘Wildnis’ RS]
TTU	Torau	tebolo	tébolo			table				oro gito ‘has pubic hair’
TTU	Torau	tede~tede	téde~tède			slave			[‘Zögling’ RS]
TTU	Torau	tede-a	tedéa			feed, support, keep			[‘füttern, ernähren, erziehen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	tegese	tégese			stand, start to leave			[AH] [‘tengese [‘aufstehen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	tegesei	tegeséi			stand			[tegesei AH]
TTU	Torau	teleaipau	teleaipau			stone axe
TTU	Torau	tepa	tepa			shape or carve canoe, paddle, anything
TTU	Torau	tepaa	tepaa			sago palm			[AS]
TTU	Torau	tepunu	tépúnu			coconut husk			[‘Kokonusshülse’ RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	tere	tere		Vdtr	give
TTU	Torau	tere~tere	tére~tere			generous			[‘freigebig’ RS]
TTU	Torau	tere-a	térea			give			[‘tereia M] [tere-au [‘give me’ AH] [‘geben’ RS]
TTU	Torau	teretereatae	teretereatae		N	teacher		lit. 'man bilong givim save'
TTU	Torau	tete	téte			steps, stairs, ladder			[AS]
TTU	Torau	tetepa	tetépa		V	carve canoe		Not RD: *tepa
TTU	Torau	teβeri	teβeri			credit				teveri kalo atoa, teveri kalo atodia 'I will go and repay'
TTU	Torau	tia-la	tiála			belly, inside			[M] [AH] [RS] [RB] [AS]
TTU	Torau	tiarama	tiárama			lagoon (going inside the land behind coast), channel into large body of sea water maybe kilometers from coast, with sea fish etc.
TTU	Torau	tia-saka	tiasaka		Vitr	feel bad (lit. inside-be.bad)				TH038
TTU	Torau	tibikosi	tibikosi			room (in house)			[AS]
TTU	Torau	tibo-	tibo			self (reflexive base)	wanpis
TTU	Torau	tibo-la	tibóla			himself			[ti’bola ma ari tuga [‘er liebt sich selbst’ RS]	tibola ma arialoni
TTU	Torau	tiŋtiŋ	tiŋtiŋ		N	thought
TTU	Torau	tio-	tio			person		bound root occurring in compounds		tio papoarina ‘incompetent man’;
TTU	Torau	tio-a-ma~mate	tioama~mate			sorcerer also poison, etc.		(see tioni na a-ma-mate)
TTU	Torau	tio-gesi	tíogési			big man, chief		(short for tíonìgési ‘elders, clan leaders, chiefs, etc.’)
TTU	Torau	tioni	tióni			person		(often for ‘man’ instead of ala, but, if unsure of sex then tioni – really is ‘person’) (PL=anua)	[AH] [‘Mensch’, [‘Mann’ RS] [tion [‘Mensch’, tione [‘Mann’ RB]	idai tioni ‘one person’
TTU	Torau	tioni gesi	tíonì gési			elders, clan leaders, chiefs, etc.				ine bario adina tiogeesi ‘You are a big man/chief of Bario clan’
TTU	Torau	tioni na a-ma~mate	tioni na ama~mate			sorcerer also poisoner, etc.			[tsiuninamamate M]
TTU	Torau	tio-sikuna	tiosikuna			foreigner, or s.o. who goes outside to work (even if only Raboul) or whiteman
TTU	Torau	tiritiria	tiritiria			seabird sp. (common tern)		(generic for terns?)	[DH]
TTU	Torau	tiro	tiro			look at				aritiro ‘look at self (in mirror, shadow, etc.)’; mato aritiro ela ‘he was looking at himself’; ine lo ari tiro galasai ‘go and look at yourself in the mirror’
TTU	Torau	tiro~tiro	tiro~tiro			look
TTU	Torau	tita	tita		N + Vtr	caulk also paste (made from a nut), name of nut and tree		(same as dit? In Kokota)
TTU	Torau	to	to			now? present tense?		enclitic	[AH] [in Präsens p984 RS] [tuisalato [‘(he) lives (in this village)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	-to	to			past tense				magu ua kae mausu atoro... ‘I wanted to sleep...’ (but after must state ‘because’, ‘but’...)
TTU	Torau	toa	toa			be alive, grow (of plant)		ma toa ‘It’s alive.’	[‘grow (of plant)’ AS]	ma tóa ‘it’s alive'
TTU	Torau	toa	toa			bird sp. (marbled frogmouth)			[DH]
TTU	Torau	toala	toala			living (not dead), growing, be alive, grow, be grown		(see na toala) (na toala 'it's alive' - it's NOM, ma toala, ma toa 'it's alive/growing', na toadia etc.)	[na toala AS]	na toala
TTU	Torau	tobea ~ tobedia	tobea ~ tobedia			dig s.th.
TTU	Torau	toburu	toburu		Vitr	grow			matoburu [‘tree seed’ M]
TTU	Torau	tode-a ~ tode-dia	todéa ~ tòdedía			force or encourage s.o. to do s.th.
TTU	Torau	todo-a ~ todo-dia	todoa ~ tododia			burn			toroa[M]
TTU	Torau	toiasa	tóiasa			midday late morning		(a sub part of moderare)	[‘Mittag’ RS]
TTU	Torau	toio	toio			there		(“not itoio but similar meaning” Pira)
TTU	Torau	toke ~ toke-a ~ toke-dia	toke ~ tokéa ~ tokedia			argue			[‘ausschelten’ RS]
TTU	Torau	toki-a ~ toki-dia	tokia ~ tokidia			peck (eat like a chicken)
TTU	Torau	tola	tóla			white ants (termites) (like mangoe tree)
TTU	Torau	tole	tóle			black (ripe) galip nut
TTU	Torau	tolou	tolou			eel (river only)			[AS]
TTU	Torau	tomeka	tómeka			k.o. banana, for cooking
TTU	Torau	tomonu	tomonu			k.o. plant, yellow, used as herb for medicine and cooking
TTU	Torau	tomotomonu	tòmotomónu			yellow		(tomonu=k.o. plant - is yellow)	[AH] [tomotamonM] [AS]
TTU	Torau	tooru-na	tooruna			egg			tóru-na[AH]
TTU	Torau	toputopu(da)	toputopu(da)			heart
TTU	Torau	torara	tórara			k.o. banana - for eating, short, fat, yummy
TTU	Torau	torasa	torása			housepost
TTU	Torau	torau	torau		PN	name of tribe, place in Buin named after tribe
TTU	Torau	tori-a ~ toriidia	toria ~ toriidia		Vtr	see (anywhere)		(see toru, toruia)
TTU	Torau	toriamate	tòriamáte			lamentation or threnody (???), song or cry for dead person
TTU	Torau	torien	torien			betel spatula		(uncofirmed in field)	[M]
TTU	Torau	Torokina	Torokina		PNLOC	Torokina
TTU	Torau	torore	torore			round brown sweet potato, k.o. koteuko (in red parrot photo)
TTU	Torau	toru	toru			shine (of sun)			[AS]
TTU	Torau	toru	toru		Vitr	look, look for		(see toria, toruia)	[‘see’ AH] [‘sehen’ RS] [‘see’ AS]	nunu lo toruia ‘look at’; nunugu magu toruia ‘I looked at my picture’
TTU	Torau	toru-ia ~ toru-idia	torúia ~ toruidia		Vappl	look at		(see toria, toru)	[‘see’ AH] [‘sehen’ RS] [‘see’ AS]	nunu lo toruia ‘look at’; nunugu magu toruia ‘I looked at my picture’
TTU	Torau	toru-na	toruna			face
TTU	Torau	toru-na atoro	tóruna atoro			good face			[‘schön’ RS]	toruna na atorola ‘his face his beautiful’
TTU	Torau	totobe	totobe		Vitr	dig		(RED tobe) (definitely not also Vtr)	[‘dig (ground for planting)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	totu	totu			(V)
TTU	Torau	tou	tou			dugong			[M] [AS]
TTU	Torau	tou	tóu			sugar cane		(see tio amamate)	[M] [AH] [AS]
TTU	Torau	touotouopodoi	touotouopodoi			?have gap (?)		(see Medaa isina Maromagara story)
TTU	Torau	toβo	toβo		N	space, time (as in do s.th., space in time)
TTU	Torau	trinde	trinde			Wednesday
TTU	Torau	tu~tu	tu~tu		V	?live				Tioloni asa inau isi-gu tu~tu=sa-mani. 'Only T. lives with me.' inau itoio tu~tu=sa-gu. 'I live there.'
TTU	Torau	tuala	túala			stick for mashing in tabilu				tábilu tuala 'hand bilong tabilu'
TTU	Torau	tua-la	túala			arm, hand			[peetáluala AH] [RS] [tuaguraus M] [‘Hand; Unterarm?, Oberarm?, Rechte Hand?, Linke Hand?’ RB] [‘hand’; [‘finger’ AS]	tuá-la
TTU	Torau	tuani tabilu	tuani tabilu			pounder – “arm bilong tabilu”
TTU	Torau	tuari-na	tuarína			old (objects only, not people)			[AH] [tu’ari-la RS] [‘old (of house)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	tube	tube			cloud			[‘Wolken’ RB]
TTU	Torau	tudu	tudu		V	look down			[Pira]
TTU	Torau	tudu	tudu			bow down
TTU	Torau	tuga ~ tuga-ia ~ tuga-dia	tuga ~ tugáia ~ tugadia			respect, admire			[‘lieben’ RS]
TTU	Torau	tu-i	tui			live, reside			[tuisalato [‘(he) lives (in this village)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	tuiama	túiama			slit drum			[túioma [‘Trommel’ RS]
TTU	Torau	tuitui	tuítui			boundary, border, limit between plantations or gardens (but the marks of the border, not just knowing where it is)			[‘Grenze’ RS]
TTU	Torau	tukia ~ tukidia	tukia ~ tukidia			punch
TTU	Torau	tuku	tuku		Vtr	speak				magu tuku 'I said…'
TTU	Torau	tuku-a ~ tuku-dia	tukúa ~ tukudia			say s.th.; tukudia also gossip about s.th.			dukúa[‘sagen (inquit)’ RS]
TTU	Torau	tukuru	túkuru			k.o. banana, for cooking, hard
TTU	Torau	tumakalo	tumákalo			small flying ant that comes out when it rains
TTU	Torau	tumenu	tumenu			parrot sp. (eclectus parrot - female (red) only)		(identified by DH plate 130. male (green) is karogu)
TTU	Torau	tunde	tunde			Tuesday
TTU	Torau	tunu	tunu			burn				roe magu tunudia, roe magu tunu
TTU	Torau	tunu	túnu			swamp, body of stagnant non-flowing water
TTU	Torau	tunus-i-a ~ tunusu-dia	tunúsia ~ tunusudia			point at			[‘zeigen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	tupa	tupa			feed (s.th.) (animals and babies only)		(*ma tupatupa)		ma tupa 'He feeds (s.th.)'
TTU	Torau	tupaia ~ tupadia	tupaia ~ tupadia			feed it				ma tupaia 'He feeds it.'
TTU	Torau	tupatupa	tupatupa			pet (bird, dog, cat, etc.)				adi tupatupa kukuku na tupatupa 'A bird is a pet.'
TTU	Torau	turabana	turábana			God of sea	masalai	(not PN) (see lánièlo) (see ariautupi)
TTU	Torau	turarema	turarema			"every time" ie. all the time
TTU	Torau	turu	turu		Vitr	land
TTU	Torau	turu-na ~ turu-dia	turuna ~ turudia			tree sap			[M]
TTU	Torau	tutunaina	tutunaina			push s.th.
TTU	Torau	tuu	túu		V	sit also stay, live, be at			[AH] [‘sitzen, sich setzen’, [‘habe mich hingesetzt’ RS] [tu-u [‘stand’ M]
TTU	Torau	tuu	tuu		N	life	sindaun (bilong)
TTU	Torau	tuuru	tuuru			get out of truck, canoe, ship, not house, tree, ladder, not towards shore
		tuutuu	tuu~tuu		V	live				Tioloni asa inau isi-gu tu~tu=sa-mani. 'Only T. lives with me.' inau itoio tu~tu=sa-gu. 'I live there.'
TTU	Torau	u	u			2SG.SBJ
TTU	Torau	u	u			2SG.POSS		(see -o)	[-o RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	-u	u			2SG.SBJ
TTU	Torau	-u	u		DIR	down
TTU	Torau	ua	ua			say, want to, do			máua [‘says’ AH]	a-la ma-to elai ua-ai=sa-la ‘The older brother was still doing that.’ TS059
TTU	Torau	ua	ua			?spread wings (Vtr)
TTU	Torau	uaga	uaga			thin (esp. of baby)				tadi uaga, na uaga; *uagala
TTU	Torau	uaita	uaita			white man
TTU	Torau	uaka	uaka			work			[AS]	inau waka nalo fo kiloko kae asoma ‘I will finish work at 4 o’clock’
TTU	Torau	uala	uala			fruit			[M] [áuua-la [‘seed’ AH] [áuuala [‘seed’ AS]	au ua-la ‘tree fruit’
TTU	Torau	ualu	u.álu			vegetable	kumul	(def. ualu) (see uaualu)	[‘Gemüse’ RS]
TTU	Torau	uara	uara		Vitr	be unwilling, be lazy	les	(elicit this and wara(la) for /w/ v. /u/ phonemes)		magu uara ‘mi les’
TTU	Torau	uare	uare			tell
TTU	Torau	uarea	wárea			say, tell		(def. /w/, not v orB)	várea[‘sagen, mitteilen’ RS] [lagukaiwario [‘tell’ M]
TTU	Torau	uasai-a ~ uasai-dia	uasaia ~ uasaidia		Vtr	lift up		vasaia. uasai. Nothing to do with uasaiai 'because'
TTU	Torau	uasaiai	uasaiai		SBD	because		see 'kasi'. *vasaiai
TTU	Torau	uaualu	u.á.u.alu			pick vegetables		(see ualu)
TTU	Torau	ubeu	ubeu			cave			[‘Höhle’ RS]
TTU	Torau	ubo	ubo			stuck in mud/sand, bogged			[‘(stone) stuks’ [AS]
TTU	Torau	udaa	udáa			fire		(‘fire’ is udaa because 2^ndsyllable stress [Pira])	[M] [AH] [ũ’daRS] [RB] [AS]	uda a-tia ‘make fire’; uda ma gau ‘the fire became alight’
TTU	Torau	udi	údi			ripe	mau	(banana in back of photo of cook house)	[udī [‘weichreif’ RS] [‘ripe (of banana)’ AS]
TTU	Torau	ui	ú.i			yam		def not *uui	[M] [AH] [RS] [AS]
TTU	Torau	uikutia ~ uikutudia	uikutia ~ uikutudia			squeeze coconut
TTU	Torau	uka	úka			fall (of fruit, man, plane, anything)			[‘fall down’ AH]
TTU	Torau	uka~uka	uka~uka			epidemic
TTU	Torau	ukara	ukara			prawn
TTU	Torau	uka-u	ukau			fall (fruit, from tree) fall down			[AS]
TTU	Torau	uma	uma				olsem
TTU	Torau	umadiri	ùmadíri			k.o. mamau but big
TTU	Torau	umado	umado				olsem	(see omado, omano, umado – variant pronunciations, different speakers have different forms)
TTU	Torau	umana	umana				olsem
TTU	Torau	umano	umano				olsem	(see omano, omado, umado – variant pronunciations, different speakers have different forms)
TTU	Torau	unasa	unasa		V + N	fat (corpulent)		(ma unasa, na unasa)
TTU	Torau	unasala goreaika	unasala goreaika			very fat	hemi fat tumas	(no unasala on its own)		unasala goreaika 'He is very fat.', unasagu goreaika 'I am very fat.'
TTU	Torau	unau	únau			come down from mountains (people, animals)			[‘flüchten’ RS]
TTU	Torau	unaumasa	ùnaúmasa			be swollen		((ma) ùnaúmasa)
TTU	Torau	uni-na	unína			skin, bark, foreskin			[‘unina [‘bark’, u’nina [‘skin’ AH] [RS] [M] [unina [‘Haut’, ulina [‘Rinde’ RB] [‘bark’ únina AS]
TTU	Torau	unu	unu		Vtr	smoke
TTU	Torau	unu	unu		N	k.o. tightly woven basket or bag of woven pandanus for carrying food, especially from gardens, basket used for disposing of ashes and bones in pre-Christian burial ceremony		(see ariautupi)
TTU	Torau	unu~unu	unu~unu			to smoke s.th.		(see unui)	[Pira]
TTU	Torau	unu-i	unui			to smoke s.th.		(see unuunu)	[Pira]
TTU	Torau	-uou	uou			descend		(see -ou – check)
TTU	Torau	ura	ura			betel pepper, ”mustard” seed pod used to dip in lime and chew with betel nut, daka, areca nut		‘mustard’ Mauku	[‘betel pepper’ [M] [AS]
TTU	Torau	uraroela	uraroela			areca leaf chewed with betel nut
TTU	Torau	uriawa	uriawa			dolphin (small kind)
TTU	Torau	urita	úrita			octopus			[AS]
TTU	Torau	uruau	uruau			pigeon sp. (pale mountain-pigeon; red-knobbed imperial-pigeon)			[DH]
TTU	Torau	uruuruku				k.o. clam
TTU	Torau	uruuruku	úruúruku ~ úruurúku			k.o. clam in rock		MM pronounced it carefully as úruúruku and spelled it, but quickly she pronounced it /ùrurúku/
TTU	Torau	usu	úsu			mountain			[M] [‘uusu AH] [RS] [AS]	úsu geesi ‘big mountain’, úsu kiki ‘small mountain’
TTU	Torau	utukulu	utúkulu		N	stick, walking stick, staff			[‘Stock’ RS]
TTU	Torau	utupu	utúpu			drown, sink			[‘ertrinken’ RS]
TTU	Torau	uua	úu.a		ADV	in that direction		Used in ITR verb complexes. See uuai. Def not V; verb complex internal ADV		arawa mato soo~sobii uua=e-la; Ketapia ma oseuua 'He paddled in the direction of Ketapia (not necessarily to Ketapia).' Ketapia ma sobiiiuua 'He walked in the direction of Ketapia.'
TTU	Torau	uua	uua			bear fruit
TTU	Torau	uuai	uu.ai		ADV	in that direction		Used in TR verb complexes regardless of position in complex. See uua. Def not V; verb complex internal ADV
TTU	Torau	uuara	úuàra			k.o. crab (with "thumb spots" on shell)		(Martin has shell in his house.)
TTU	Torau	wagaena	wagaena						[e ma wagaena lelea 'He laughs a lot.' AH173]
TTU	Torau	wagini	wagíni			medicine, bush medicine, herbs, poison, etc.			vagíni[‘Arznei’ RS]
TTU	Torau	wago	wágo			whistle			vágo[‘pfeifen’ RS]
TTU	Torau	wan	wan			one		(TP)
TTU	Torau	wari	wári		Vitr	worry		(magu wari) (minimal pair with wari 'stingray')
TTU	Torau	wasaia	wasaia			?because		(see awasaiai)
TTU	Torau	wawaga	wawaga			?????			ST007
TTU	Torau	weuweu	weuweu		V	bark (of dog)
TTU	Torau	wido	wido			bird sp. (black and white monarch)		(identified by DH plate 87) (plate 188);
TTU	Torau	wiliwilia	wiliwilia			bird sp. (white-bellied cuckoo-shrike)			[DH]
TTU	Torau	wina	wina			post in centre of dance
TTU	Torau	windoa	windoa			window
TTU	Torau	wiwiloni	wiwiloni			bird sp. (whimbrel) “Christmas bird” (walks on beach)		(identified by DH plate 72)
TTU	Torau	wiwito	wiwíto			star, firefly		(def. /w/, not v orB)	vivíto[AH] [M] [RS] [RB] [wiwitoAS]
TTU	Torau	wole	wole			cut back, trim grass (small area)
TTU	Torau	wuini	wuini			win (Vitr)		(see wini)
TTU	Torau	βagasa	βagasa		N	trap
TTU	Torau	βaini	βaini	waini	CONJ	plus				lao biskit palo kaisia waini solo waini suka ‘go get biskit plus salt plus sugar’
TTU	Torau	βakaasi	βakáasi			canoe (dugout with outrigger), k.o. tree for making canoes		(the only ones they have are dugouts with outrigger, so no other) (both MM and RP say double 'a')	vakási[ha’kasiEinbaum RS] [wakasi AS]
TTU	Torau	βakaroe	βakaroe			husbands sister		RP has heard it, as vakaroe	[bakaroe Cms]
TTU	Torau	βakatata	βakatata			term of address for older sibling of same sex (man or woman) in respect or sorrow		(old word - occasionally heard)
TTU	Torau	βara	βára			sprouting coconut (with spongy matter inside)		(elicit this and uara for /w/ v. /u/ phonemes)	[‘stick’ várala AH] [‘stick’ várala AS]	na warala
TTU	Torau	βarala	βárala			the spongy matter inside a sprouting coconut
TTU	Torau	βare	βare	ware	Vtr	tell
TTU	Torau	βarena-la	βarenala			fathers sister, mothers brothers wife, neice/nephew of same		(not mother's sister) (reciprocal term)	varena-la[Cms]
TTU	Torau	βari	βári			stingray
TTU	Torau	βariola	βariola			I'll tell you, I'll let you know			M + K
TTU	Torau	βariolo	βariolo			sons wifes parents, daughters husbands parents		CT knows it - used in old days - unclear as to meaning	[Cms]
TTU	Torau	βaromagara	βàromagára			large bird (dives for fish)		(variation of màromagára)
TTU	Torau	βaropo	βáropo			new moon (fingernail) (start of month)
TTU	Torau	βasikiri	βasikiri		PNLOC	name of the mountain on the headland overlooking the village
TTU	Torau	βatoro	βatoro			cycad
TTU	Torau	βaβoi	βáβoi			shark			vávoi[wawoi M] [‘Haifisch’ RS] [wawoi AS]
TTU	Torau	βese	βése		Vtr	swear by s.th.				kae vése paka esanala inau magu kaaloa 'I swear by the name of my father that I didn't do that.'
TTU	Torau	βesena	βeséna		Vappl	swear that s.th.			veséna[‘verachten’ RS]	kae veséna… ' swear that…' Kuresu esanalai kae veséna 'I swear on Kuresu's name.' Kuresu esanalai ve~vesenai sagu 'I'm swearing on Kuresu's name.'
TTU	Torau	βesena	βeséna		N	word used in place of tabu in laws name		(the verb 'swear by' used as a name)
TTU	Torau	βeβeu-a ~ βeβeu-dia	βeβeua ~ βeβeudia		Vtr	be killing		?literally? MM's comments seem to suggest so. No *weu(a)	KE195A	kaukau mate ta weweuama 'Dog hem i filim dai' 'Dog hem wok long dai.'
TTU	Torau	βiki	βiki			week
TTU	Torau	βikutani	βikutani			cloth for squeezing grated coconut, term used in Rorovana
TTU	Torau	βini	βini			conch shell			vuini[wuini wini?AS]
TTU	Torau	βini	βini		Vitr	win		(see wuini)
TTU	Torau	βirakeru	βìrakéru			shrine, altar, sacred area - a tambu area with a body of water, each clan has one, its a source of clan power; also name of altar for sacrifices and communion with mythological ancestors		(see ariautupi)	[Cyril]
TTU	Torau	βito	βito	Vito		Vito (Torau speaking village)			(identified by M as Torau speaking)
TTU	Torau	βoreu	βóreu			k.o. shell money, like mimisi but white
TTU	Torau	βuru-na	βuruna			hair (anywhere on body)		(not leaf) (strictly wuru is not pubic and armpit hair, but now people use it)	vurú-na[AH] [wurug M] [‘vuru [‘Haar’ RS] [wuruna [‘Haar; Bart, kurzer’ RB]
TTU	Torau	βusiβusi	βusiβusi			whale

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